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Siemens AG 2009
Sector Energy, Business Unit Medium Voltage
Siemens AG 2009
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November 09
Siemens AG 2009
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X/R ratio:
17 (60 Hz).
45 ms.
Duty cycle:
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O t CO t CO
t = 0.3 s for reclosing / 15 s for non-reclosing
Siemens AG 2009
t = 3 minutes.
Sector Energy, Business Unit Medium Voltage
X/R ratio:
50 (60 Hz).
133 ms.
Duty cycle:
CO 30 min CO.
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1. Scope
This standard establishes a symmetrical current rating structure and construction
requirements for all indoor and outdoor types of ac high-voltage circuit breakers
rated above 1000 V. It is only applicable to three-pole circuit breakers used in
three-phase systems and single-pole circuit breakers used in single-phase
systems.
This standard does not cover circuit breakers used at frequencies other than
50 Hz or 60 Hz, or generator circuit breakers that are covered in IEEE
Standard C37.013-1997.
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%dc Component
100.0
80.0
60.0
40.0
20.0
0.0
0
10
15 20
25
30
35
40
45
50 55
60
65
70
75
80 85
90
95 100
X/R = 17
X/R = 50
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3.00
2.50
S-factor (C37.04-1979)
dc component
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
-0.50
-1.00
-1.50
3600
3420
3240
3060
2880
2700
2520
2340
2160
1980
1800
1620
1440
1260
1080
900
720
540
360
180
-2.00
November 09
S=
I total
I symmetrical
= 1 + 2(%dc / 100)
%dc = 29.5
S = 1.084
I = 54.2 kA
X/R = 50
%dc = 66.1
S = 1.369
I = 68.5 kA
over 26% higher
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Short-Circuit Currents
Consider system shown:
Transformer
1,000 A full load (self-cooled)
impedance = 10%
Generator
1,000 A full load
Xd (subtransient reactance) = 20%
For fault at F2, circuit breaker sees transformer
fault current, roughly 1,000 A / 0.10 = 10 kA
For fault at F1, circuit breaker sees generator
fault current, roughly 1,000 A / 0.20 = 5 kA
F1
F2
G
Note:
Fault current for generator
source fault is only about
50% of fault current for
system (transformer)
source fault
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Unit
Drawout
(Metal-Clad)
FixedMounted
Maximum voltage
kV
15.0
17.5
Dielectric 60 Hz / BIL
kV/kV
38 / 95
50 / 110
Short-circuit current
Transformer source
Generator source
kA
kA
40 / 63
20 / 31.5
50 / 63 / 72
25 / 31.5 / 36
%dc component
73 / 61
75 / 65 / 65
ms
40 / 30
30 / 30 / 30
TRV parameters
Peak voltage (1.84 V)
RRRV transformer source
RRRV generator source
kV
kV/s
kV/s
27.6
3.5 / 4.5
1.6 / 1.8
32.2
4.5 / 4.5 / 4.5
1.4 / 1.8 / 1.8
November 09
Siemens AG 2009
Sector Energy, Business Unit Medium Voltage
Siemens AG 2009
Folie 15
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Out-of-Phase Switching
Circuit Breakers for Standard Applications:
IEEE C37.04 (clause 5.12):
Out-of-phase switching is optional, not required for general purpose circuit
breakers
If a rating is assigned, the preferred rating is 25% of the rated symmetrical
interrupting rating, with recovery voltage of (250% rated voltage / 1.732).
Therefore, out-of-phase ratings are not typically assigned to general purpose
circuit breakers rated per IEEE C37.04 and tested to IEEE C37.09.
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Out-of-Phase Switching
Circuit Breakers for Generator Switching Applications:
IEEE C37.013 (clause 6.2.9):
Out-of-phase switching is optional, not required for generator circuit breakers
If a rating is assigned, the assigned rating is shall be 50% of the rated
symmetrical interrupting rating (transformer or system source).
Out-of-phase switching recovery voltage values are based on a maximum
out-of-phase condition of 90 degrees between generator and system. This is
reasonable as more extreme angles would result in damage to the machine.
The likelihood of out-of-phase switching is influenced by generator inertia, i.e.,
low-inertia machines are more likely to be subject to out-of-phase switching
conditions.
Generator circuit breakers should have an assigned out-of-phase switching
rating.
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Other Differences
Reclosing:
Reclosing duty not required for generator circuit breakers.
Short-time current duration:
Normal circuit breakers
3 seconds (metal-clad switchgear = 2 seconds)
Generator circuit breakers
1.0 second (typically test to 3 seconds).
Closing & latching rating:
Normal circuit breakers
Peak current 260% of symmetrical short-circuit (60 Hz)
With X/R = 17, real peak is 259.3%
Generator circuit breakers
Peak current 274% of symmetrical short-circuit (60 Hz)
With X/R = 50, real peak is 274.2%.
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160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0.500
0.000
-0.500
Current (unitized)
-1.000
-1.500
-2.000
-2.500
-3.000
-3.500
-4.000
Time (ms)
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20.6 ms
30.0 ms
40.1 ms
57.7 ms
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November 09
SF6
Only option for very large units
VERY expensive
Lower experience-base
November 09