International Journal of Economy, Management and Social Sciences, 3(3) March 2014, Pages: 200-208

TI Journals

International Journal of Economy, Management and Social Sciences

ISSN
2306-7276

www.tijournals.com

Examining the Role of Parental bonding and Obsessive-Compulsive

in Predicting Attitude toward Delinquency in the Third Grade Boy
Students of Second Intermediate Period in two Zahedan Counties
Saeed Firoozi 1, Hossein Jenaabadi *2
1
2

Department Of Literature And Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Science And Research Branch, Sistan And Baluchistan , Zahedan , Iran.
Associate Professor Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Science And Research Branch, Sistan And Baluchistan, Zahedan, Iran.

AR TIC LE INF O

AB STR AC T

Keywords:

The purpose of this study has been examining the role of parental bonding and obsessivecompulsive in predicting attitude toward delinquency in the third grade boy students of second
intermediate period in two Zahedan counties in 2013-2014 academic years. The present research
was conducted survey and it has been practical in terms of purpose and has been descriptive
correlative in terms of the research method. In order to implement the research were used three
questionnaires called Parker Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), Maudsley obsessive-compulsive
questionnaire and the questionnaire to measure attitude toward delinquent behavior. Reliability and
validity of both measures were approved using face validity and Cronbach's alpha methods. The
research statistical sample consisted of all third grade boy students in second intermediate period in
two Zahedan counties in the two public and non-profit schools in 2013-2014academic years. In
order to collect data, statistical sample was selected using a stratified random sampling method.
Statistical analysis of the data showed that 1) parental bonding with a positive attitude to
delinquency has a negative correlation and there is a positive correlation with a negative attitude to
delinquency, 2) obsessive-compulsive with a positive attitude to delinquency has a positive
correlation and there is a meaningful negative correlation with a negative attitude to delinquency,
3) there is a negative and meaningful correlation between parental bonding and obsessivecompulsive, 4) the mothers care, the fathers care and the mother's extreme support dimensions
have been the best predictors of attitude toward delinquency, 5) checking, cleanness, slowness and
uncertainty dimensions were the best predictors of attitude toward delinquency, 6) the mothers
care, the fathers care and the mother's extreme support dimensions have been predictors of the
obsessive-compulsive.

Parental Bonding
Obsessive-Compulsive
Attitude toward Delinquency

2014 Int. j. econ. manag. soc. sci. All rights reserved for TI Journals.

Introduction
Parental bonding is referred to type and how the child interaction with parents that has a large overlap with attachment and it has two subscales of extreme care and support (Zahedian et al,, 2011).Studies show that cool parental behavior and excessive parental protection is lead
to mental disorders in the adolescents and they will influence on the type of their relationship with their wives.
Obsessive - compulsive disorder is also accounted as anxiety disorders in children and adolescents; this disorder occurs as imagery and
intrusive thoughts, obsessive behaviors and certain formalities that led to irritation and concern. Obsessive teenager pressures himself from
within to do tasks, achieving goals and progress. He thinks that mental stress is imposed on his from the outside, while his thinking type is
the basic factor of this pressure (Salahshour, 2006). The main characteristic of obsessive-compulsive is recurrent obsessive thoughts or
compulsive acts; the obsessive thoughts are similar to ideas, images or impulses that comes to the patients mind frequently and stereotyped
(Kaplan, 1995).
The problem of juvenile delinquency and divert was considered by scholars in the human society in a long time and now, it is major issues
of many scientists. A review of the multitude of crimes in the world and Iran is telling the truth that crime is one of the great tragedies in
the todays world; delinquency is an action that is expressing the lack of formal communal belonging and thus the failure of social
severability and mismatch between the society desire for anti-social mania in the actors character (Mohammadi-Asl, 2008).

The Problem Statement

Different combinations and factors of parental bonding have different psychological outcomes and consequences and in this context, the
paternal and maternal bonding with the child separately and through different developmental pathways influences on self-handicapping and
self-confidence and his obsessive-compulsive (Vant & Kelitmen, 2006). Studies have shown that parental bonding can affect the
development of children and it may influence on the risk of vulnerabilities change in the adulthood (Russ & Westen, 2003).

* Corresponding author.
Email address: hjenaabadi@gmail.com

Examining the Role of Parental bonding and Obsessive-Compulsive in Predicting Attitude toward Delinquency in the Third

201

Internat ional Jour nal of Economy, Mana ge ment and Social Sciences , 3(3) March 2014

The relationship type of parent - child and the created attachment style in the person is resulted in the formation of a specific self-concept
that can play a key role in obsessive-compulsive (Glover and Berning, 2006).
Obsessive thoughts and behavior should not be considered as a disease because in some cases, about 50percent of people suffered it a little.
But, mostly it's a weak kind and only occasionally, they experience it and in extreme cases, these thoughts and behaviors are observed in
the one to four percent of people; according to a report by researchers in 1992, most people with checking obsession were single men that
often obsession onset age in them has been low. In this research, the checking obsession in men and single individuals has been more
common than women and married individuals (khanna, 2009). Studies and surveys show that father and mother (parents) and family play
an important role in today teens live and parents communication with the family is one of two variables that constantly support teens from
committing acts having high-risk.
Teens that interested in their parents or to maintain them in compared with those who did not have this emotional connection, they
significantly are lower committed acts of violence, they use less smoking and alcohol and drug and they begin less having sex in teens age.
Also, adolescents who have emotional relationship with their parents and are satisfied with their relationships with parents are less
depressed and anxious and think to suicide or falling in bad and delinquent behaviors (Heide, 1990).
The prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents has been reported between 1 to 4 percent in the general
population; some researchers have estimated that between outpatients in psychiatric t clinic, the prevalence of this disorder can be up to 10
per cent (Douglas et al, 1995; Mayna et al, 1995).
According to the above mentioned discussions and studies, students are regarded as vulnerable groups due to their age are needed to more
attention of their parents and teachers, psychologists and administrators. Also, the boy students in comparison with the girls have more
interactions with the outside environment and society out of school and peer group; so the statistical population of this study will be
constituted by the boy students. Hence, the present study aim is to investigate the role of parental bonding and obsessive-compulsive in
predicting attitude toward delinquency in boy students of high school juniors in two Zahedan counties and it seeks to answer the question
whether is there a meaningful relationship between parental bonding variables and obsessive-compulsive with attitude to crime or not? And
do parental bonding and obsessive-compulsive impact on students' attitudes to crime?

Theoretical Principals
Parental Bonding
The family is the basic foundation and manufacturer of the most important social structure and the existence of all other social systems
depend on participation in the familial system. Behaviors derived from the role that learned in the family would be exemplary behavior in
other parts of community. The purpose of socialization is safeguarding of the societys cultural traditions and family with its role in its
transition to the next generation to keep alive the culture (Ezazy, 2008).
Ambrosio (2005) argues that a friendly parents bonding is a factor for adjustment of teenagers, a means for satisfying emotions and causing
to prevent the emergence of chaos. They are patterned from their parents and are continuing to grow. Also families transmit a particular
culture to children. The culture in which sincerity and affection and it doesnt get in other places. Foster children may have been achieved
some degree in the shadow of applying in some cases, but none of them were able to keep living similar to the majority of those that trained
in the household. Spirituality and moral at home influence on development in children (Shikhavandi, 2004).
Some sociological theories of deviance such as ecological theory and strain theory (Merton, 1938), according to official statistics of social
deviance have considered economic- social status of the family and parental bonding as variables associated with delinquency. Experts of
these theories believe that youths deprivation feeling in families with lower socio-economic status; lack of decent living conditions and
insufficient satisfaction of the needs of youths lead them towards delinquent behavior (Ahmedi, 2009).
Obsessive Compulsive
Obsessive compulsive disorder is a debilitating anxiety disorder which usually considered as a cureless disease which requires lifelong
treatment. Obsessive compulsive disorder is a problem that determined by thoughts, mental images and the uninvited and intruder
impulses. Compulsory actions are involving obvious habits (such as hand washing and checking behaviors) and obscure habits (Clark,
1990). In the fourth edition of the revised diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, obsession - compulsive disorder include
returned obsessive - compulsive or returning action which are time-consuming due to severe; i.e. they will take more than an hour a day, or
they lead to the obvious distress or significant disorder and significantly interfere with the routine tasks, occupational performance, social
activities or usual social relationships. In the one period of time during the course of the disorder, person has been noticed that his obsessive
- compulsive are excessive or unreasonable.
Obsessions are stable ideas, thoughts, impulses or mental images that are intrusive and inappropriate and they can lead to obvious anxiety
or distress. The most common obsessions include: repeated thoughts about pollution, repeated doubts, and the necessity of placing objects
in a particular order, aggressive impulses and sexual imagery.
A person suffering from obsessions usually attempts to suppress such thoughts or impulses or makes neutral them with other thoughts or
act (i.e. compulsion). For instance, the person who caught doubts about turning off the stove, he attempts to through repeated reviewing and
make sure it's off override doubts. Compulsive are repetitive behaviors (e.g. hand washing (or mental actions like praying) that aim to
prevent or reduce anxiety or distress, not to gain pleasure or satisfaction.
In the most cases, the person feels that he is forced to do compulsion to reduce the distress that associated with obsessions or to prevent a
horrific event or situation. In the some cases, people perform incorrect actions or stereotyped according to themselves certain rules without
they are being able to justify these actions. By definition, apparent or compulsion are extreme or they havent real connection with what are
designed to their neutralization or prevention (Riggs and Foa, 2009).
Delinquency
The problem of juveniles delinquency is one of the major issues facing today's society, whether developed or developing. Statistics show
that despite of rising living standards and the development of psychological service centers is still uncontrollable juvenile delinquency

202

Saeed Firoozi and Hossein Jenaabadi

Internat ional Journal of Economy, Mana ge ment and Social Science s , 3(3) March 2014

statistics` (Rezaie, 2007). Development of certain types of crimes such as drug use, vandalism and away from school among adolescents
has led to consider explanation of delinquency and to discover effective factors on it by researchers and several experimental investigations
carried out in the this direction (Alivardi Nia et al, 2008).
Psychologists believe that any behavior doesnt occur without the introduction, but it is causing of several underlying factor. Abnormal
behaviors of the adolescents are no exception to this rule; family is among underlying factors in the incidence of delinquent behavior and
other behavioral disorders in the adolescents. Disorder in familys performance causes disorder in behavior of its members; Children and
adolescents due to more vulnerable are the main victims of poor family performance. Poor parenting style, family disruption and other
adverse familial conditions are including familys improper performance; these defective interactions provide the background of the
incidence of delinquency in children and adolescents; Thus, dysfunctional families are predisposing behavioral disorders and delinquency
in children and healthy families provide the background for prosperity and development in the children through creating a safe
environment.
Juveniles delinquency as a social phenomenon is one of the basic dilemma that attracts more attention of sociologists and psychologists.
According to the majority of scholars, delinquency phenomenon is caused by maladaptive and defective interactions among family
members together (Samani and Behmanesh, 2010).

The Research Background

The results of Brooke and Gordon (2011) indicated that a high percentage of the addicts have been raised in the families in which the
parents had disagreement and familial environment wasnt satisfactory; 83 percent of these people have considered familial issues as
reasons to return to addiction.
Friday et al (2010) in their study have examined delinquent behaviors among Chinese adolescents. According to findings of this study,
significant differences between offenders and non-offenders in terms of the impact of peer group, family and school is visible as well as
demographic variables associated with social affiliation, communication with parents and school experiences significantly are different
between normal individuals and offenders.
Kleeitman (2010) concluded that maternal care is predictor of self-confidence and reduced obsessive-compulsive; therefore, by increasing
maternal care and intimacy, confidence to your child is more and their obsession is less.
The result of Greaven, Santor, Thampson, Zuroff research (2009) has shown that maternal care is associated with reluctance to selfhandicapping in the childhood; because girls and boys that cared more by their mothers, they were less disable and delinquent.
Stefania Cella, Mara Iannaccone, Paolo Cotrufo (2014) in the study entitled "How dose parents bonding influence on self-concept?"
concluded that parents bonding with childrens self-concept has a significant relationship with their gender but it hasnt any relationship
with their age.
Valiente, Hervas, Espinosa (2014) in the study entitled "Assessment of beliefs about the relationship between parents bonding and signs of
paranoia and depression" concluded that lack of parental care is associated with negative self-assessment and depressive symptoms and
distinctive patterns of parental practices help to develop inefficient different plans which in turn, they may lead to either depression or
paranoia.
According to Rohners findings (2010) there is a relationship between the family and mental health governing it, i.e. there is a relationship
between parenting styles and mental health; whereas, tyrant parents provide anxiety for children more than other parents. Then, indifferent
parents come after this style.

The Research Method

Given that in the present study, parental bonding and obsessive-compulsive in predicting attitude toward delinquency in the third grade boy
students of second intermediate period in two Zahedan counties in public and not-profit school separately and academic fields
(mathematics- physics, experimental sciences, and human sciences) has been studied and in this context, the views of students has been
evaluated; Therefore, this research is a survey research and in terms of purpose has been practical and in terms of the research method has
been descriptive - correlative.

Statistical Society
The research statistical community consisted of all third grade boy students in second intermediate period in two Zahedan counties in the
two public and non-profit schools in 2013-2014academic years .The subjects of this study consisted of third grade boy students in second
intermediate period in two Zahedan counties in 2013-2014academic years that targeted sample of students was selected using stratified
random sampling method.
To determine the research sample size (selection of public and non-profit schools and students in terms of academic fields) was used the
Cochrane formula to determine the extent of the participants in the study.
The schools statistical society included 257 public boys high school that 155 persons were selected as the statistical sample. Also,
according to less statistical society of private schools (31), 31 schools were selected as the statistical samples.
Among statistical society of public high school students (n = 808), 260 persons were selected as sample (60 persons in math-physics, 110
persons in experimental sciences, and 90 persons in human sciences).
Among statistical society of non-profit high school students (n = 220), 140 persons were selected as sample (35 persons in math-physics, 33
persons in experimental sciences, and 52 persons in humanities 33).

Examining the Role of Parental bonding and Obsessive-Compulsive in Predicting Attitude toward Delinquency in the Third

203

Internat ional Jour nal of Economy, Mana ge ment and Social Sciences , 3(3) March 2014

Data Collection Tools

In this study, to examine variables was used three questionnaires that the description of each is listed below:
1 - Parker's Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI)
2 Maudsleys Obsessive-Compulsive
3 - A questionnaire of assessing attitude toward criminal behaviors

The Research hypotheses

H1.
H2.
H3.
H4.
H5.
H6.

There is a meaningful relationship between parental bonding dimensions with attitude toward the students delinquency.
There is a meaningful relationship between obsessive-compulsive dimensions with attitude toward the students delinquency.
There is a meaningful relationship between parental bonding dimensions with obsessive-compulsive dimensions.
Parental bonding dimensions significantly are able to predict attitude toward delinquency in students.
Obsessive-compulsive dimensions significantly are able to predict attitude toward delinquency in students.
Parental bonding dimensions significantly are able to predict obsessive-compulsive in students.

Findings
The first hypothesis: There is a meaningful relationship between parental bonding dimensions with attitude toward the students
delinquency.
The mean (and standard deviation) of the students age in this study were M = 19 and SD = 90/0; These students were educated in third
grade in second intermediate period in public and non-profit schools in two Zahedan counties in three academic fields of mathematicsphysics, empirical sciences and human sciences.

Table 1: the table of mean and standard deviation distribution of parental bonding and attitude toward delinquency
Variable
Mothers Care
Mothers Extreme Support
Fathers Care
Fathers Extreme Support
Total

Parental
Bonding

Mean

Standard
Deviation

92/6
74/3
54/3
44/2
64/16

22/1
43/1
61/1
89/1
15/6

Mean

Standard
Deviation

Positive
Attitude

80/7

47/2

Negative
Attitude

96/10

33/2

Total

76/18

8/4

Variable

Attitude To
Delinquency

As can be seen in the Table 1, mean (and standard deviation) of scores on parental bonding and attitude toward the students delinquency
are m = 64/16 (and sd =15/6) and m =76/18 (and sd =8/4) respectively.
Table 2: Correlation coefficients between dimensions of parental bonding and attitude toward delinquency
Attitude Toward Delinquency
Variable

Parental
Bonding

Mothers Care
Mothers Extreme Support
Fathers Care
Fathers Extreme Support
Total

Positive Attitude

Negative Attitude

*-0/43
0/23
*-0/49
0/33
**-0/36

*0/48
*0/28
*0/38
-0/11
**0/48

Total

**0/45
0/38
**-0/54
0/22
**0/39

As can be seen in the Table 2, the parental bonding with a positive attitude to delinquency (r =-0/36) has positive correlation and with a
negative attitude to delinquency (r = 0/48) has a significance positive correlation (r = 0/39), (p <0/01).
Also, the dimensions of mothers care (r =0/45), fathers care (r =-0/54) and mothers extreme support (r =0/38) have a significance
relationship with attitude dimensions toward delinquency (r =0/39), (p <0/01).
The second hypothesis: There is a meaningful relationship between obsessive-compulsive dimensions with attitude toward the students
delinquency.

Saeed Firoozi and Hossein Jenaabadi

204

Internat ional Journal of Economy, Mana ge ment and Social Science s , 3(3) March 2014

Table 3: The table of mean and standard deviation distribution of obsessive-compulsive and attitude toward delinquency
Mean

Standard
Deviation

Checking
Cleanness
Slowness
Uncertainty

4/83
5/77
3/88
6/90

2/12
2/19
1/89
3/24

Total

21/38

9/44

Variable

ObsessiveCompulsive

Mean

Standard
Deviation

Positive
Attitude

7/80

2/47

Negative
Attitude

10/96

2/33

Total

18/76

4/8

Variable

Attitude To
Delinquency

As can be seen in the Table 3, mean (and standard deviation) of scores on obsessive-compulsive and attitude toward the students
delinquency are m = 21/38(and sd =9/44) and m =18/76 (and sd =4/8) respectively.

Table 4: Correlation coefficients between obsessive-compulsive and attitude toward delinquency

Attitude Toward Delinquency

Variable

ObsessiveCompulsive

Positive Attitude

Negative Attitude

Total

Checking
Cleanness

*0/41
0/19

0/21
*0/51

**0/43
**0/58

Slowness
Uncertainty
Total

*-0/37
*-0/41
**-0/42

-0/18
*0/42
**0/63

*-0/55
**0/39
**0/52

As can be seen in the Table 4, the obsessive-compulsive with a positive attitude to delinquency (r =-0/42) has positive correlation and with
a negative attitude to delinquency (r = 0/63) has a significant negative correlation (p <0/01).
The third hypothesis: There is a meaningful relationship between parental bonding dimensions with obsessive-compulsive dimensions.
Table 5: the table of mean and standard deviation distribution between parental bonding and obsessive-compulsive
Mean

Standard
Deviation

Mothers Care
Mothers Extreme Support

6/92
3/74

1/22
1/43

Fathers Care
Fathers Extreme Support
Total

3/54
2/44
16/64

1/61
1/89
6/15

Variable

Parental
Bonding

Mean

Standard
Deviation

Checking
Cleanness

4/83
5/77

2/12
2/19

Slowness
Uncertainty
Total

3/88
6/90
21/38

1/89
3/24
9/44

Variable

ObsessiveCompulsive

As can be seen in the Table 5, mean (and standard deviation) of scores on parental bonding and obsessive-compulsive of the students are m
= 16/64(and sd =6/15) and m =21/38 (and sd =9/44) respectively.
Table 6: Correlation coefficients between parental bonding and obsessive-compulsive dimensions
Obsessive-Compulsive

Variable

Parental
Bonding

Mothers Care
Mothers Extreme Support
Fathers Care
Fathers Extreme Support
Total

Checking

Cleanness

Slowness

Uncertainty

Total

*-0/35
*0/34
0/34
*0/41
*0/48

*0/46
0/23
0/17
0/14
*0/35

*0/43
0/30
*-0/52
0/41
*0/40

*-0/51
*0/56
*-/49
*0/41
*-0/55

*-0/61
**0/57
*-0/42
*0/45
*-0/68

As can be seen in the Table 6, there is a significant correlation between parental bonding and obsessive-compulsive (r =-0/68), (p <0/01).
Also, the dimensions of mothers care (r =-0/61), mothers extreme support (r =0/57), fathers care (r =0/42) and fathers extreme support (r
=0/45) have a significant relationship with obsessive-compulsive dimensions (p <0/01).

Examining the Role of Parental bonding and Obsessive-Compulsive in Predicting Attitude toward Delinquency in the Third

205

Internat ional Jour nal of Economy, Mana ge ment and Social Sciences , 3(3) March 2014

Fourth hypothesis: Parental bonding dimensions significantly are able to predict attitude toward delinquency in students.
Table 7: Results of regression analysis of attitude toward delinquency on the parental bonding
Source Of Change

Degrees Of Freedom

Total Square

Square Mean

Regression

16/083

16/083

Error

397

66/678

0/1679

F Significance Level

11/56332

0/01

As can be seen in the Table 7, the results show that the observed rate of F is significance (p =0/01). The regression coefficient of the
predictor variable indicates that parental bonding can explain attitude toward delinquency significantly.

Table 8: Results of step by step multiple regression analysis of the parental bonding dimensions and attitude to delinquency
Predictor Variables

R2

Non-Standardized Coefficients
B

Constant
Mothers Care
Mothers Extreme Support
Fathers Care
Fathers Extreme Support

0/841
0/340
0/820
0/234

0/70
0/11
0/67
0/05

SE
20/972

2/098

-0/210
0/307
-0/201
0/98
R=70/34
RS=49/47

0/079
0/100
0/069
0/045

Standardized
Coefficients
Beta

(P)

9/996

0/01

-0/326
0/328
-0/320
0/150

--2/656
3/076
-2/342
1/098

0/01
0/05
0/01
NS

As can be seen in the Table 8., the results indicate that the dimensions of mother's care, fathers care and mothers extreme support have
been the best predictors of attitude toward delinquency. According to the above table, 47/49 percent of the variance in attitude toward
delinquency is explained by mother's care, fathers care and mothers extreme support; In this case, the mother's care, the fathers care
reduce attitude to delinquency negatively and significantly and the mothers extreme support increases attitude to delinquency positively
and significantly.
The fifth hypothesis: Obsessive-compulsive dimensions significantly are able to predict attitude toward delinquency in students.

Table 9: Results of regression analysis of attitude to delinquency on obsessive-compulsive

Source Of Change

Degrees Of Freedom

Total Square

Square Mean

F Significance Level

Regression
Error

1
397

20/083
73/685

20/083
0/1856

5/52315

0/05

As can be seen in the Table 9, the results show that the observed rate of F is significance (p =0/05). The regression coefficient of the
predictor variable indicates that obsessive-compulsive can explain attitude toward delinquency significantly.

Table 10: Results of step by step multiple regression analysis of the obsessive-compulsive dimensions and attitude to delinquency
Non-Standardized Coefficients
Predictor Variables
Constant
Checking
Cleanness
Slowness
Uncertainty

730/0
550/0
530/0
891/0

R2

53/0
30/0
44/0
79/0

Standardized
Coefficients

SE

Beta

(P)

658/19
615/0
397/0
310/0
763/0
R=89/54
RS= 30/12

054/2
99/0
108/0
069/0
141/0

126/0
322/0204/0
309/0

438/7
656/2
076/3342/2
098/1

05/0
05/0
05/0
05/0
01/0

Saeed Firoozi and Hossein Jenaabadi

206

Internat ional Journal of Economy, Mana ge ment and Social Science s , 3(3) March 2014

As can be seen in the Table 10, the results show that the dimensions of checking, cleanness, slowness and uncertainty have been the best
predictors of attitude to delinquency. According to the above table, 30/12 percent of the variance in attitude to delinquency is explained by
checking, cleanness, and slowness and uncertainty dimensions; In this case, the dimensions of checking and slowness and uncertainty
increase positive attitude to delinquency positively and significantly and cleanness increases negative attitude to delinquency.
The sixth hypothesis: Parental bonding dimensions significantly are able to predict obsessive-compulsive in students.
Table 11: Results of regression analysis of the obsessive-compulsive on parental bonding
Source Of Change

Degrees Of Freedom

Total Square

Square Mean

F Significance Level

Regression
Error

3
397

083/16
980/45

361/5
1158/0

09862/11

0/01

As can be observed in the Table 11, the results show that the observed rate of F is significance (p =0/01). The regression coefficient of the
predictor variable indicates that parental bonding can explain attitude toward delinquency significantly.
Table 12: Results of step by step multiple regression analysis of the parental bonding dimensions and obsessive-compulsive
Non-Standardized Coefficients
Predictor Variables
Constant
Mothers Care
Mothers Extreme Support
Fathers Care
Fathers Extreme Support

850/0
650/0
840/0
326/0

R2

72/0
42/0
70/0
10/0

Standardized
Coefficients

SE

Beta

970/18
801/0
402/0
703/0
297/0

121/1
202/0
187/0
105/0
098/0

98/0208/0
309/0106/0

(P)

0295/8
656/3076/1
508/2098/0

01/0
01/0
05/0
01/0
05/0

R=02/66
RS= 58/43

As can be seen in the Table 12, the results show that the dimensions of mothers care, father's care, mothers extreme support, fathers
extreme support have been the best predictors of obsessive-compulsive; According to the above table, 43/58 percent of the variance in
obsessive-compulsive is explained by the dimensions of mothers care, father's care, mothers extreme support, fathers extreme support; In
this case, the dimensions of mothers care, father's care decrease the obsessive-compulsive negatively and significantly and mothers
extreme support, fathers extreme support increase the obsessive-compulsive positively and significantly.

Discussion and Conclusion

The first hypothesis: There is a meaningful relationship between parental bonding dimensions with attitude toward the students
delinquency. The interpretation of this hypothesis suggests that when parents confirm teens and create self-valuable feeling in them, they
were attracted to these groups and they dont feel needing to membership in deviant peer group and delinquency.
While confronting with deviant behaviors is done with a motive to obtain an alternative, a replacement that can eliminate their need to selfvaluable (self-esteem). The second hypothesis: There is a meaningful relationship between obsessive-compulsive dimensions with attitude
toward the students delinquency.
The output of this hypothesis suggests that given that obsession is a kind of anxiety disorders, it can be expressed that obsessive patients are
in the lower level in terms of health and the possibility of creating their positive attitude toward delinquency and deviant behaviors
increases; Based on the above findings, the students who are obsession in terms of cleanliness have a little attitude to criminal behaviors but
students who are obsession in terms of slowness, checking and uncertainty have many attitude to criminal behaviors. Therefore, it can be
said that as obsessive individuals in these three dimensions have high scores; so, they are dissatisfied with their lives, they have more
anxiety and experience less happy, and they are irresponsible individuals and having social disabilities.
The third hypothesis: There is a meaningful relationship between parental bonding dimensions with obsessive-compulsive dimensions.
This result that parental bonding has a meaningful negative correlation with obsessive-compulsive stating that the role of parents
relationships with their children is an important factor that could affect the obsession; According to learning theory, obsessive-compulsive
disorder comes due to abnormalities in the natural learning mechanisms, and the experiences of childhood and adolescence theory considers
mimic symptoms learning as obsession reason that transmitted by parents to their children, thus it can be concluded that environmental and
familial factors are involved in creating individuals obsession; and since the people who place in incompatibilities familial situations, they
cant act smoothly due to the weaknesses in tolerating and dealing with situations, and because of unstable reactions to the stress that occur
in the confusing situation as well as unstable pattern for trying to comfort and calm in such situations, the probability of doing impulsive
and excessive behaviors in them is very high which in addition to the lack of appropriate coping strategies, the probability of their
tendency to the obsessive-compulsive are doubled.
Fourth hypothesis: Parental bonding dimensions significantly are able to predict attitude toward delinquency in students.

Examining the Role of Parental bonding and Obsessive-Compulsive in Predicting Attitude toward Delinquency in the Third

207

Internat ional Jour nal of Economy, Mana ge ment and Social Sciences , 3(3) March 2014

The result of this relationship suggests that attachment to family i.e. relationship and love to it and parents care can make that a person
gains a sense of self-worth and mental and emotional attachment of the people in addition to joining with important others (parents, etc.)
are formed and created the relationship is due to the lack of his positive attitude to deviant behaviors; in fact, a person due to interested i n
important others, this sense forms within him to respond their demands and desires and attract their positive comments to himself. Hence it
is less likely to engage in social and ethical violation.
The fifth hypothesis: obsessive-compulsive dimensions significantly are able to predict attitude toward delinquency in students.
This result that obsessive-compulsive can significantly explain the attitude to delinquency stating that to provide a emotional support,
reassurance, and relationships with family and on the other hand, reducing obsessive-compulsive can ultimately prevent from creating a
positive attitude to delinquency and even in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive, one of the treatment methods is family therapy and
creating positive and intimate relationships and interactions with family members especially parents that they will speed up the healing
process.
The sixth hypothesis: Parental bonding dimensions significantly are able to predict obsessive-compulsive in students.
This result that parental bonding can significantly explain obsessive-compulsive stating that friendly parental bonding is a factor for
adolescents adjustment, a means for satisfying emotions and causing for prevent from the appearance of disorder and obsessions; they
pattern of their parents and are continuing to grow.
Additionally, parents transfer a special culture to juveniles; the culture in which sincerity and affection exist within and it doesnt get in
other places. Parents and family members behaviors are effective in individuals reactions; this reaction in the field of persons
characteristic foundation during puberty and adolescence has significant contribution; Adolescents in this age need to self-knowledge and
understanding of their talent and parents should help them in this way. Otherwise, they will be inactive in the society and will suffer from
disorders such as obsessive-compulsive and on the other hand, they would be delinquent.

The Study Limitations

There are limitations in this study that include:

This study is only concerned with the third grade students in second intermediate course in two Zahedan counties and therefore,
the findings cant be generalized.
The views of parents, teachers and school administrators havent been studied.

The Research Suggestions

Practical suggestions based on the research findings

Department of Education increases their knowledge through interaction with schools and holding training sessions for schools
teachers in the field of student interpersonal communication.
The background of parents familiarity with behavioral disorders and the methods of communication with children are provided
and the impact and importance of the hidden curriculum and out of school and social environment and peer learning for teachers
and parents to be raised.

Recommendations for Future Studies

Conducting similar research in other schools or simultaneously in several schools and comparing them together.
Conducting similar research in different education levels.
Conducting similar research simultaneously in several cities and provinces and using the results of any research to improve and
enhance parental bonding and reducing obsessive-compulsive and delinquency.

References
Ahmadi, Habib (2010). Deviance Sociology. Tehran, Samt Publication ;First Printing.
Alivardi Nia, A.; Sharepor, Mahmoud; Varmazyar, M. (2008). Family Social Capital and Delinquency. Journal of Women, Volume 6, Number 2.
Clark, David, M., Ferboren, Christopher. (1990). Translated By Kaviani, Hussein. (2006). Tehran, Mehr Kavian Publications.
Douglass, H., M., Mofitt, T.E., Dar, R.,McGee, R., & Silva, P.(1995). obsessive compulsive disorder in a birth cohort of 18-years old. Prevalance and
predictors. Journal of the American Academy of child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 34, 1424-1431.
Douglass, H., M., Mofitt, T.E., Dar, R.,Mcgee, R., & Silva, P.(1995). Obsessive Compulsive Disorder In a Birth Cohort of 18-Years Old. Prevalance and
Predictors. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 34, 1424-1431.
Ezazi, Sh. (2008). Familys Sociology with an Emphasis on the Role of Family Structure and Performance in the Modern Era. Tehran, Roshangaran
Publication.
Glover, GE, Berning (2006). Educational Psychology, Kharrazi, Translator, 3rd Edition, Tehran: University Press.
Heide, Kathleen (1990), Young Killers, The Challenge of Juvenile Homicide, Sage publication.
Heide, Kathleen (1990), Young Killers, the Challenge of Juvenile Homicide, Sage Publication.
Kaplan BJ.(1995). Comperehemsive Textbook of Psychiatry. 6th Ed. Baltimor, Williams & Wilkins Co. 1218-1227.
Kaplan BJ.(1995). Comperehemsive Textbook of Psychiatry. 6th Ed. Baltimor, Williams & Wilkins Co. 1218-1227.
Khanna S, Mukherjee O.(2009). Checker and washers: Valid subtype of obsessive compulsive disorder. Psychopathology; 25(5): 283-288.
Khanna S, Mukherjee O.(2009). Checker and Washers: Valid Subtype of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Psychopathology; 25(5): 283-288.
Maina,G., Albert, U., Bogetto, F., & Ravizza, L.(1999). obsessive compulsive syndromes in older adolescents, Acta Psychiatric Scandinavia, 100(6),447450.

208

Saeed Firoozi and Hossein Jenaabadi

Internat ional Journal of Economy, Mana ge ment and Social Science s , 3(3) March 2014

Maina,G., Albert, U., Bogetto, F., & Ravizza, L.(1999). Obsessive Compulsive Syndromes in Older Adolescents, Acta Psychiatric Scandinavia, 100(6),
447-450.
Mohammadi-Asl, A. (2008). Youth Studies Journal, Youth Organization Publication, Number 6.
Nosrati, Masoud; Karimi, Ronak; Malekian, Kamran; Hariri, Mehdi. Investigation of Language Teaching Methodologies in Second Language Learning.
International Journal of Economy, Management and Social Sciences, Vol 2 - No 5, 2013. pp. 207-211
Rezaei, Saeed; Kharrazi, Kamal; Hejazi, E., A., G. (2007). Analysis Of Social Aspects Of Family And Personal Characteristics, Cognitive In Creating
Crime. Applied Psychology Journal, First Course, No. 4.
Riggs DS, Foa, EB .(2009). Obsessive-compulsive disorder. In: Barlow DH, editor. Clinical Handbook of Psychological Disorders. New York: Guilford
Press, 189239.
Riggs DS, Foa, EB.(2009). Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. In: Barlow DH, Editor. Clinical Handbook of Psychological Disorders. New York: Guilford
Press, 189239.
Russ E, Heim A, Westen D.(2003). Parental Bonding and personality pathology assessed by clinician report. J Psychiatr disord. (17): 522-536.
Russ E, Heim A, Westen D.(2003). Parental Bonding and Personality Pathology Assessed By Clinician Report. J. Psychiatr Disord. (17): 522-536.
Sadeghi, Mehdi; Mohammadi, Mehdi; Nosrati, Masoud; Malekian, Kamran. The Role of Entrepreneurial Environments in University Students
Entrepreneurial Intention, World Applied Programming, Volume 3 - Issue 8, 2013. pp. 361-366
Samani, S.; Behmanesh, Z. (2010). The Comparison of Family Interactions and Processes in Normal and Delinquent Adolescents. Social Security Studies.
No. 1.
Selahshor, M. (2006). Obsessive - Compulsive in Children and Teenagers. Educational Sciences and Bonding Psychology Journal.
Shikhavandi Davar (2004). Deviance Sociology and Social Issues. Mashhad, Marandiz.
Want, J., & Kleeitman, S. (2010). Imposter phenomenon and self-handicapping: Links with parenting styles and self-confidence. Personality and Individual
Differences, 40 (5), 961-971.
Want, J., & Kleeitman, S. (2010). Imposter Phenomenon and Self-Handicapping: Links with Parenting Styles And Self-Confidence. Personality and
Individual Differences, 40 (5), 961-971.
Zahedian, S. Fath Allah, Mohammad, M., Samani, S. (2011). The Role of Attachment Styles, Parental Bonding and Self-Concept in Sexual Addiction.
Clinical Psychology Journal, Third Year, No. 3, Title 11.