Int. j. eng. sci., Vol(3), No (9), September, 2014. pp.

94-98

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International Journal of Engineering Sciences

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ISSN:
2306-6474
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Factors Affecting the Measurement of Place Identity in Urban Space

(Case Study: Modares Street Kermanshah)
Sayed Tajedin Mansoori *
M.Sc .in Architect, Tehran PNU university, Iran.

Haydar Jahanbakhsh
Assistant Professor and Director of the Art and Architecture of Tehran PNU, Iran.
*Corresponding author: t.mansoori92@gmail.com

Keywords

Abstract

Place Identity
Urban Space
Modares Street Kermanshah

Place Identity, sense a person or in a collection that is motivated by their relevance. What we learn the identity of
the urban space that we desire to live in cities today is yesterday backed body maintain policies and spending to
revive identity and ignoring life today, is a serious challenge in urban space be. However, it should be noted that
identity, a distinction is; the distinction between human to human, city to city, culture to culture. This study
aimed to assess factors affecting urban space took place in defining identity. The research community and the
people of experts, set up; which based on the response to the questionnaire, subjects randomly, and experts were
selected by cluster sampling. In order to analyze the data according to the results of the SWOT, the technique of
analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the application form EXPERT CHOICE, is used. The results showed those
components such as; sense of place, responsive place and spatial perception and location; components affecting
urban location in explaining the cause. Access to scientific and practical components urban spaces design, using
indicators such as; culture, history, readability, color, belonging, intuitive understanding of individual and
collective memories, is considered. These results also show the need for practical application of these elements
in urban design managers and designers to achieve their research goals.

1.

Introduction

One of the most controversial contemporary identity and each person has a sense of identity concerns. But most of the debate over the issue of
the recognition of realized and verifiable solutions to deal with it, to be shifted to reflect these concerns. Although this reflects in turn is
necessary, but if it does not lead to practical solutions to deal with the problem effectively result but does not motivate your audience anxiety and
self confidence [9]. Identity is tied to the existence of urban space and globalization, despite its glamorous appearance, creating crisis. Indeed,
part of the urban identity of the city is linked with the body and the memorable places with historic connections to the past that we seek to
interrupt the continuity of history, urban identity of interest between we have; environment that can sustain civil life today and the past history,
the city has Mender identity. Tissue culture - its history urban space, the parameters of identity and sense of place in relation to man and the
environment, and describe the physical and spiritual needs of human beings are. The urban areas defined based on human scale and in line with
how humans use space designed. This linking of man, society and the environment in urban areas for their mutual respect for each other is
formed. In other words, a sense of place and identity in a particular place, the human relationship with the environment in these areas has
increased. With the increasing trend of population growth, especially in industrial cities and move to the machine, resulting in increasing
municipal and social services, the destruction of such contexts raising this is in addition to individual and collective memories of people having
impairing cause psychological problems for users of the space. One of the major issues today axes Modares Street Kermanshah City has
undergone an identity crisis in the body and the face, imbalances and disorders caused by population growth, particularly issues related to an
imbalance between supply and demand on utilities and such problems are. This study aimed to assess factors affecting the urban area centered on
the place explaining techniques using analytic hierarchy process, seeks to answer the question; Although the overall improvement of the urban
spaces and positive impact on citizens' perception of place identity increases, the quality of how the city and its surroundings are well designed,
But the scientific and practical guidelines on cultural issues the date on which the identity and history of mental, emotional and cultural beliefs
are closely related to the city can be held accountable for the design of urban space? And the analytic hierarchy process technique can achieve
good urban space, is a good way? The opinions and views of different groups, what impact the selection of indicators to revive cultural values the history of urban space can be?
1.1 Place Identity
This means identity in response to questions about the nature of organisms or cysts. A phenomenon that is only concerned with identity, human.
Because, according to Sartre, the human nature takes precedence. That means that human nature is inevitable and unlike other creatures, is
involved in making it. And with this choice makes who are the only people to think in different ways and thus consciously or unconsciously
fighting for his life in order to maintain its own identity leads to [2]. They are always in search of a means by which to explain him. Clearly
explain ourselves as separated from the others is not possible. Human as a social being because a group is forced to act and the need to
communicate with other people, cannot do without their assistance the others to find and authentication. Therefore, the pursuit of personal
identity function is a social process [19]. Because that's how people think about their community and personal identity, it provides a crucial role
[2]. The personal identity of the domain areas of social life that it will introduce its own [3]. Entering the arena to discuss the concept of
community identity inevitably, it also raises the concept of collective identity. In addition to having a presence of the sum of the individual's
name, social status and relationships with others are determined, but by taking common elements which is called culture, collective identity will
be shared with these issues on [14]. According to Habermas, the integrity of a person is shaped by her relationship with other people [10]. One's

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Factors affecting the measurement of place identity in urban space (Case Study: Modares Street Kermanshah)
International Journal of Engineering Sciences Vol(3), No (9), September, 2014.

own mental image of an object with the object matching, this process of identification phenomenon puts deductive basis. Based on this identity,
your credit will be diagnosed and actually warrant a qualitative assessment finds that the savings directly to the individual's subjective
experience of culture and tradition, he is fully connected [14]. On the contrary, the detection is important due to concerns of identity. Therefore,
the relationship between identity and recognition is more than one way, is dialectical. What are diagnosed, it can be considered eligible identity
and identity is everything, whether it is detectable. Identity is a relational concept that a man's head back and head back is defined in the
environment. So it cannot be fixed perpendicular to the observer's perspective to the phenomenon, and the phenomenon is also involved. When
the phenomenon of identity we feel meet our expectations. Naturally, the space (as well as any other phenomenon) when we have it in stock we
can also identify who will be considered independently and objectively, on the other hand physical inventory as well as the activities and
behavior we can finally bring it from conception to implementation of mental [14]. If the range open space look even somewhat abstract, where
an aspect of the space that is occupied by someone or something with meaning and value [13]. In other words, where the confluence of form,
function and meaning of space. Relationship between people and place, because human actions and desires makes sense to assign to space and
space into a place of experience makes and so be human interaction takes place. The means by which the human values and actions [21].
Because of this identity is the identity of the place. Place identity refers to outer space recognizable features [9]. The place identity of an
individual or a gathering place a feeling, which is motivated by the relevance of a site. The identity of the product of spatial continuity identity
place and become an issue of something external to internal. Mental results for a person or place identity, place identity is assembled so that they
are Zyrmbnay individual or collective. During his place makes human identity; the visual identity independent of their place in the mind makes.
If the external conditions that are associated with it and the fact of his mental picture he shows not the same as expected, this person tries
different ways to create and adapt the system will balance your mind and outer space [9]. The identity of the individual who places the direct
experience of the physical environment grows. There is therefore a reflection of social and cultural space. However, the richness of a person's
character is central in [21]. The part of the individual personality of each human being makes him, it is a place that recognizes and identifies
others. When he thinks about himself, and knows where it attaches itself to the place of their counts. Relationship between the individual and
where there is deep than the mere relationship or experience of the site [18]. Due to the identity map location as a product of the interaction of
cognitive, social and visual modes (formal) research results Lynch in 1970 [9].
1.2 History research
Place identification of assessment criteria and environmental quality in architecture and environmental design disciplines, such as physical
characteristics of the form (color, size, shape, scale) and physical component relationships with an emphasis on providing social and
environmental, important and effective role in identity formation has a place in the final model of the factors affecting the environment offers.
Physical environment and its impact on everyday life issues that in recent years has been analyzed by many therapists [6]. Place identity in
architecture because of its close relationship with the design of the built environment, particularly in the twentieth century due to the
development of human society and change the way of living and the ineffectiveness modernist architecture as well as experiences in architectural
history has enjoyed a double significance. A quick review of the failure of modernist architecture especially residential Aigoo Protocols that will
be remembered as the moment of the failure of modern architecture, indicate a lack of vacuum and positive inferential meaning the inhabitants
of these sets relative to the location of the specific reasons and is at its deepest. For Tuan (1977) involves the location of the communication is
ongoing. At first it appears space without distinction, when it is important to recognize and value the place becomes [20]. In creating a sense of
place, the sense memory of qualified designer must also consider the environment. Proshansky (1983) derive their individual identity and the
identity derived from spatial perception, cognition, emotion, and finally to the place he knows. He emphasized the place identity, location,
platform and operating as an important link in the relationship between man, the role of physical factors as part of the social elements in the
environment, emphasized and based on this, the most important factor in a close interaction with their environment as part of the identity of the
subjective and individual structural elements referred to [15]. Lynch theory of spatial vision and identity pause. Lynch is simply unique identity,
location, and other places defined. He is the basis for the identification of an individual nature [12]. Schultz, a famous architect of the
phenomenology of Husserl and Heidegger's phenomenology is based on theory, several theories about architecture and more specifically to said
location and space. He is based on the nature and location of the structure to describe and analyze the setting and atmosphere are referred to as
the spirit of place and sense of place refers to the essence of communication. He formed based on the modernist architectural theory and
quantitative data were not considered in the architectural sense, it is noted that [7] and the architecture of human life in which the meanings
associated with the location and the difficulty of living and social injustice, human beings in general have a sense of belonging to a place,
emphasis [16] and the purpose of the architectural center of the space or spaces in which individuals are adapted to its environment and the
nature of its concept, it's a [8]. Ralph in the book, place and placelessness, three-dimensional place identity is claimed. In his view, physical
characteristics, activities and means, where they form the main component of identity. He noted that the place identity is influenced by a sense of
place and the other, his phenomenological approach is very holistic. Physical features, the most visible aspect of his division, while other
features such ugliness, the beauty, workability, etc. are very subjective. Ralph expressed the perception associated with the experience of place,
believing that the human sense of place concept beyond physical characteristics and structural elements in the same location as perceived by and
in a sense continuity and continuous communication with the spirit of the place makes sense. He expressed this basic relationship and sense of
place of integral human aspects are pointed out and announces what a space will a place advancement, Being imbued with deep meanings that
can be spread over time and depth. Hence the desired location in the defined meanings over time and with hindsight Ralph result is obtained. In
addition, he and others like Toygerras and Ozel place emphasis on the distinction as one of the characteristics of place identity in shaping
individual identity, theories underscores Ralph and expanded. Conceptual realm known mostly psychological aspects of physical and logical
connection is in place [7]. Bentley et al (2011) also study a set of buildings and houses in the UK, there is a desire to belong to and distinguish
the color of the surrounding buildings have pointed and it shall be construed readability environment and it belongs to two categories agree
perceptual coupled belonging to categories [4].They attribute this sense of distinction and separation of spaces designed and named it the main
characteristics of the formation of sustainable human environments provider. Ryan (2011) in their study about the sense of belonging, to classify
different types of environment interaction, active, semi-active and non-active and the necessity of an active environment interaction as one of the
most important factors and most influential in shaping the sense declares the use of natural elements in the design environment can cause the
kind of interaction is introduced [4].

Sayed Tajedin Mansoori *, Haydar Jahanbakhsh

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International Journal of Engineering Sciences Vol(3), No (9), September, 2014.

2.

Methodology

2.1 Study area

One of the major trade routes and sightseeing in Kermanshah Modares Street north of the city. With the arrival of the motor vehicle to the side of
Kermanshah, in order to access the Faizabad district, Borzedamagh and Chenani, the construction project is carried out. The result of this action,
the division of the market was torn between East and West. In addition, the tracks cut into the tissue and then crossed the street in front of the
mosque's central Green Square and destroying the urban environment, the market's main branch be cut off. Creating business units, wall and
planting vegetation, the city became the economic center of the street. Commercial attractiveness of shops built in Modares Street stimulates the
body shops and low growth market units, and many of the merchants who were dragged through the Entities on Modares Street. The most
important and interesting historical context of the area can be Mosque jame, Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, Haj Shhbazkhan mosque and
bath, shower rely Byglrbygly etc. mentioned. Image 1 position in the desired area (Modares Street) in the city of Kermanshah show [5].

Figure 1.Modares Street station in Kermanshah (Source: The authors)

2.2 Methods
In this study the data analysis, the method of AHP is used. AHP method is flexible, robust and simple to decision making under conflicting
decision criteria to choose between options makes it more difficult, is used. This method is one of the most efficient techniques, Decision
Analytical Hierarchy Process (Analytical Hierarchy process; AHP), which was first introduced by L-Saati in the 1980s. Based on paired
comparisons Founded and gives managers the opportunity to explore different scenarios [11]. In this study, the application of this method in
urban design criteria Modares Street in Kermanshah promote social interaction and socialization approach, has been studied. Therefore, the
implementation of this study, a questionnaire containing seven questions (six questions to be open and closed questions) was designed in three
parts. The questionnaire developed for the selected domains and indicators of urban space street design promotes social interaction and
socialization lecturer in Kermanshah approach, based on a library of methods and a review of research literature has been profound. Responding
to questions on the form and weight of components and indicators designed to determine the effects of Kermanshah urban space Modares Street
research purposes, experts and the public to respond in the study area were used during different days and at different hours of the day and night
and was prepared weeks. Validated by experts and professors of the validity and reliability of urban design and field test has been conducted.
The study population consisted of all experts and everyday people who have been in contact with this area, two of experts and the general public
citizens are classified. Based on the financial and time constraints of the study, 100 questionnaires were collected. Of these, 25 questionnaires by
experts and citizens in the region of 75 questionnaires were completed. To answer questions, choose the common people used simple random
sampling and the selection of experts, the first stage cluster sampling, and then each cluster were randomly selected number. Preliminary data
obtained from the questionnaires were classified using EXCEL software and statistical analysis and inference using AHP and CHOICE EXPERT
software were analyzed. Collecting data and information, empirical observations, adjust inventory and analysis findings of these studies has been
the main principles.

3.

Results

With regard to the content of expression, literature review and in-depth study of the theoretical design of urban space and SWOT analysis
process where the strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities of urban design research purposes, in explaining the spatial domain in urban
areas, a questionnaire was prepared. Resolution of scientific and practical to achieve the objectives of the research were identified factors that
explain these components, the access indicators were identified. These components include sense of place and spatial perception and spatial
locations are responsive. In Table 1, these components and the criteria for classification have been identified. Recommended course of
Kermanshah management program using these elements, it's important to be on the agenda of urban planners and managers .

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Factors affecting the measurement of place identity in urban space (Case Study: Modares Street Kermanshah)
International Journal of Engineering Sciences Vol(3), No (9), September, 2014.

Table 1. The most important components and indicators in the areas of social interaction and socialization Modares Street Kermanshah (Source: The authors)

Place identity
(philosophical historical)

Area or
territory

Component

Index

Sense of place

Culture - History - association - Activities - concentration of population - Event

- versatility- symbols and signs
Permeability - Various - Readability - Flexibility - visual proportions - the
sensory richness - color belongs

Location responsive
spatial perception and
spatial location

Intuitive understanding - image - individual and collective memories - religion

and worldview - the difference / similarity - Continuity / Transition - unity /
plurality

3.1 Relationship between data

Preliminary data obtained from the questionnaire that has been collected by experts and non-experts, using EXCEL software were classified and
the inferential statistical analysis using AHP application and determine compliance rates compared using the paired EXPERT CHOICE software
were analyzed. The results of the questionnaires show that; for a place in the streets of Modares street Kermanshah identity as an independent
variable, experts are of the opinion that should be identified as the dependent variable to be considered more than other components. Intuitive
understanding, image, individual and collective memories, religion and worldview, differentiation / similarity, continuity / change, and unity /
plurality, in the space of spatial perception and spatial indexes are in Madras Street. Sense of place and space, responsive mediator variables that
are associated with the creation and design consider the place of identity. People investigations in this area, the relationship between the
independent variable and the dependent mediator in the following shows; Sense of place as the dependent variable and its defining parameters of
space, culture, history, associations, activities, concentration of population, events and versatility are the signs and symbols. Responsive and
spatial perception and spatial position as mediator variables, leading to the design of urban space based on the independent variable (place
identity) are. Weighted indices show that the sense of vector space experts weighs 0.444, 0.111 and weight responsive space and spatial
perception and spatial weight gain have a 0.999. The views expressed people component weights respectively 0.594, 0.249 and 0.157 obtained
from a. The rate adaptation paired comparisons, respectively, 0.01 and 0.05 are the experts and people. In Figure 1, the rate adaptation as well as
the weight of a constructive component of identity in urban space streets where the instructor Kermanshah, as is shown in the graphic.

2
0.05

0.594

0.249
0.157

0.444

0.112

1
0.01
0

0.998
0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Sense of place

Place Responsive

spatial and location perception

Adaptation Rate

Figure 2. Weighting components of place identity expert opinion (1) and people (2)
(Source: The authors)

4.

Conclusions

It might include sample images and tables. All the figures and tables MUST be named like the samples:
Effective component of place identity in the urban space, there is an issue with a wider theoretical literature review and payment of municipal
and urban West, the country received less attention has been this is especially striking in the midst of urban management and administration.
However, the importance and urgency of this issue when reviewing your highlights it as a platform to meet vital human needs, even to the
highest, and the highest levels that we studied. In fact, the body and the space environment is the product of interaction between humans and
needs each hand made or any product of the mind in order to satisfy human needs and vision will take shape. Such an approach in understanding
the nature of urban space, it comes as a byproduct of other processes and Urban separate independent entity that gives it. Urban character
position is such that the criterion and benchmark for evaluation so that the whole city is a cultural space - a historic city, representing a city with
high social life which can provide a good quality of life for citizens. In between all the most important areas to achieve the desired urban design,
and it is obvious that this study by experts and the general public, the citizens of Modares Street space is used. According to the material
presented and the results of the questionnaire can be used to revive and promote wrote Madras street urban place identity, the following
principles are the most important:

Sayed Tajedin Mansoori *, Haydar Jahanbakhsh

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International Journal of Engineering Sciences Vol(3), No (9), September, 2014.

Geometry of space Use of Vernacular Architecture

Emphasis on vision-based perspective
Atmosphere interactions and aggregation
Increase the amount of communication and interaction
Create vitality and prosperity of Madras Street

The results of the proposed research and the results of the statistical analysis of research and put together the above criteria as well as the needs
and goals of the project results will be achieved this is the best agent to achieve the research objectives, the streets become is teacher-centered
walk; They walk among the urban spaces in which they move slowly because jay-walking and able to easily stop, reduce or increase the speed of
your steps are ,So just who are able to understand the environment in which events have been, are being achieved. Therefore, the fact that
walking is the best form establishing human interaction with the urban environment; it is widely accepted [17].
Trails are the paths with the highest level of social roles, in which proficiency, complete with pedestrian and a vehicle for collective that raises
environmental quality and social health boost. A walk often includes equipment for communications broader, wider and closer to the community
[14]. White (1980) cites some direction by displaying merchandise; street cafes and more lives are lost. Such paths are destinations in
themselves. Are places to come, stay and participation in urban life? Route into the city room. Not just crossing where they stay and belonging
[17]. All the definitions and characteristics of the proposed urban walk suggest that the best solution to promote social interaction and
socialization in Kermanshah is urban space teacher Ave. In Figure 2, the benefits of creating walking routes have been proposed. In Figure 2, the
benefits of creating walk strategy on Kermanshah Madras Street, according to the research objectives are stated

Figure 3. Benefits of creating the strategic to walk Modares Street Kermanshah research objectives

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[14]
[15]
[16]
[17]
[18]
[19]
[20]
[21]

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