CHAPTER : ELECTROCHEMISTRY

SECTION B : STRUCTURED QUESTIONS

1.

The set up of apparatus below is an electrolytic cell. A student is required to

investigate an electrolysis of molten lead (II) bromide

Carbon
electrodes
Molten lead(II)
bromide

a)

During the electrolysis, which ion moves toward the

(i)
cathode :
________________________________________________
(ii)

anode :
________________________________________________
[2 marks ]

b)

State process that occurs at anode and cathode. Write the half equations.
(i)
anode :
________________________________________________

(ii)

_________________________________________________
[ 2 marks ]
cathode :
_________________________________________________
.
_________________________________________________
[ 2 marks ]

c)

State the observation at the

(i)
anode :
_________________________________________________
(ii)

cathode :
_________________________________________________
[ 2 marks ]

2.

The diagram below shows the set up for the electrolysis of concentrated
hydrochloric acid using carbon electrodes P and Q . The ammeter shows
the reading when the switch is closed .

a)

Write the formulae for the ions in the concentrated hydrochloric acid?
__________________________________________________________
[ 1 mark ]

b)

c)

What is the observation at electrode Q?

___________________________________________________________.
[ 1 mark ]
(i)
Name the product at electrode Q.
___________________________________________________
[ 1 mark ]
(ii)
Give a chemical test to identify the substance formed at electrode
Q.
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
[2 marks ]

d)

Write the half equation for the reactions that occur at

(i)
electrode P
_____________________________________________________
(ii)

e)

electrode Q
____________________________________________________[ 2 marks ]
If dilute hydrochloric acid is used to replace concentrated
hydrochloric acid in the electrolysis.
(i) Name the product at anode.
_________________________________________________________
[ 1 mark ]
(ii) Write the half equation.
__________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
2

SECTION C
3

a)

A tablespoon of common salt is dissolved in 250 cm3 of water and

electrolysed using carbon electrodes. Name the product formed at the
cathode and write the half equation.
[ 2 marks ]

b)

Diagram below shows a voltaic cell.

(i)

Solution Y is potassium nitrate solution. Name suitable substances for P, Q,

X and Z.
[4 marks]

(ii) Explain the reactions that occur in the voltaic cell. State the observations
and write half equations for the reactions that take place at each electrode.
[ 4 marks ]

c) (i)

State two uses of metal plating?

[ 2 marks ]

(ii) Describe an experiment to show how an iron spoon

is plated with nickel
[ 8 marks ]

PAPER 3
4

Diagram below shows the set up of apparatus to study the potential

difference between two different metal electrodes in the cell. This experiment
begins by dipping metal pieces of W and X into sodium nitrate solution. The
experiment is repeated in turns by replacing X with metal V, Y and Z.

Diagram below shows the voltmeter readings for metal pairs W/X , W/V ,
W/Y and W/Z.

a)

Record the voltmeter readings for each metal pairs tested in the spaces
provided in the diagram above.
[ 3marks]

b) i)

State the variables involved in this experiment

Manipulated variable : ___________________________________________
Responding variable : ___________________________________________
Fixed variable

ii)

: _______________________________________________
[ 3 marks ]

State the hypothesis for this experiment.

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
[ 3 marks ]

c)

Determine which metal is more electropositive between the metal pairs

tested based on the deflection of the voltmeter needle shown in the
diagram above .
i)

Metal pair W/X : ___________is more electropositive

Metal pair W/V : ___________is more electropositive
Metal pair W/Y : ___________is more electropositive
Metal pair W/Z : __________ is more electropositive
[ 3 marks ]

d)

Construct a table and record the metal pairs tested, voltmeter readings and
the more electropositive metals involved in this experiment .

[ 3 marks ]
e)

Based on the results of the experiment, arrange the five metals in ascending
order of electropositivity.

[ 3 marks]

MARKING SCHEME - ELECTROCHEMISTRY

SECTION B
1

Lead (II) ions Pb

Bromide ion , Br Reduction ,Pb2+ (aq) + 2e Pb(s)
Oxidation , 2Br -(aq) Br2 (g) + 2e
The grey solid is deposited
A brown gas is released
Total

a
b
c

i
ii
i
ii

1
1
1
2

i
ii
i.
ii

H+ ,Cl- , and OH Gas bubbles are produced

Hydrogen gas
Collect the gas in a test tube, and test it with a lighted
splinter, A pop sound is heard
2Cl- (aq) Cl2 (g) + 2e
2H+ + 2e H2 (g)
Oxygen gas
4OH- 2H2O + O2 + 4eTotal

Marks
1
1
2
2
1
1
8

i
ii
i
ii
i
ii

2+

a
b

i
ii

SECTION C
Hydrogen gas
2H + + 2e H2 (g)
Metal P is a zinc, metal Q is a copper, X is a zinc nitrate
solution and Z is a copper sulphate solution
//any other suitable substances
Zinc is a negative terminal
Zn(s) Zn 2+ + 2e
The zinc electrode become thinner
Copper is the positive terminal
Cu2+ (aq) + 2e Cu
Brown coloured solid is deposited on the copper
electrode. Intensity of the blue colour of copper (II)
sulphate decreases
Electron flow from the zinc electrode to copper electrode

1
1
2

1
1
4
1
1
1
1
1

Avoid corrosion of metal

Improve the aesthetic/ apperance property

marks
1
1

ii

2
Method
1 Connect a piece of nickel and iron spoon to
batteries using connecting wires.
2

A beaker is filled with nickel(II) sulphate solution.

A piece of nickel and iron spoon is dipped into the
electrolyte.

Anode become thinner because it changes to Ni 2+

ion which is soluble in the electrolyte
Ni (s) 2+ ( aq ) + 2eNi2+ ions are attracted to the spoon which is the
cathode Ni 2+ is discharged and deposited on the
surface of the spoon
Ni 2+ (aq ) + 2e- Ni ( s )

1
1
1

1
1
1

4 a) i)
Manipulated variable : metal pairs
Responding variable : voltage of cell
Fixed variable : sodium nitrate solution

[ 3 marks ]
ii) When the position between the two metals in the electrochemical series is
further apart , the value of voltage produced is larger
[ 3 marks ]
Metal pair W/X : 1.2 V
Metal pair W/V : 2.6 V
Metal pair W/Y : 0.7 V
Metal pair W/Z : - 0.3 V
[ 3 marks ]

i
ii
iii
iv

X
V
Y
W
[ 3 marks ]

Metal Pairs
W and X
W and V
W and Y
W and Z

More electropositive metal

X
V
Y
W

Voltage ( V )
1.2
2.6
0.7
-0.3
[ 3 marks ]

e)

Z,W Y,X,V

Increasing electropositivity

[ 3 marks ]