Nutritional Sciences 10

Professor Nancy Amy

December 16, 2006
FINAL EXAM
It is the students responsibility to know the following instructions. Failure to adhere to the following
instructions may result in 0 points earned on the exam.
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!

Print your name on the line provided on the scantron sheet.

On the next line print your section number and the first name of your GSI.
Turn the sheet longways. Fill in your complete SID in the spaces provided.
Mark the last two rows 00 if you would like your exam score to be posted by SID.
Mark the last two rows 01 if you do not want your exam score to be posted.
Use only a #2 pencil on your scantron.
ABSOLUTELY NO Cell Phones, No Calculators.
Choose the best answer for each question.
You must turn in this exam along with your scantron.

1.

I did not take the exam on December 6. I have version a of this exam. Mark answer a.

2.

Your overweight Uncle Bill has been told that he is at risk of having a heart attack. How
would you explain to him what a heart attack means?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

3.

Uncle Bills doctor told him his HDL is low and he should raise it. Bill is confused because he
thought having low cholesterol was a good thing. What should you tell him?
a.

the

It is a blood clot in the brain

It is an accumulation of VLDL in the coronary veins
It is pain caused by stomach acid backing up into the esophagus and irritating the
esophageal tissue
It is interruption of the flow of blood to the heart muscle, which may cause the heart to
beat irregularly or stop completely
It is elevated blood pressure that ruptures the red blood cells traveling to the heart

b.
c.
d.
e.

His doctor is wrong: HDL should stay low and so should total cholesterol, triglycerides
and blood pressure
His doctor is right: HDL should be high because it carries cholesterol away from
tissues to the liver
His doctor is right: HDL should be high and he should increase his saturated fat intake to
help clear cholesterol from the intestine
His doctor is wrong: HDL should be low along with LDL because high levels of both
promote heart disease.
His doctor is right: HDL should be high but there is nothing you can do to increase it

4.

Your uncle wants to know why he has cholesterol in his body anyway, since it just clogs up his
arteries. Your best reply is:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

5.

Uncle Bill (who is at risk for a heart attack) usually has a cheeseburger and french fries for lunch.
When you take him to a sandwich shop, which of the follow would you recommend for him to
choose for lunch?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

6.

Cholesterol is important for the synthesis of bile and some hormones

Cholesterol is an important energy source for your muscles
Cholesterol is just a consequence of eating a diet that is too high in fat
Cholesterol is important for transporting proteins throughout the body
Cholesterol is not essential and all body cholesterol can be eliminated by eating
a cholesterol-free diet

Hot dog on a roll

Bagel and cream cheese
Cheese on sourdough bread
Chicken breast on whole wheat bread
Philly Cheese Steak sandwich

What other lifestyle recommendation could you suggest for your uncle to improve his health?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

Have an extra beer with dinner to stimulate his appetite

Check with his doctor about starting a regular exercise program
Join a pool and sit outdoors in the sun to increase his Vitamin A development
Begin taking amino acid supplements to increase his metabolic rate
Fast once a week to purify his system

Questions 7-10 relate to the following scenario:

Trevor is a student in NST10. He is 20 years old and 160 lbs (72.7 kg). He recorded his food intake for
three days, but his computer crashed the night before the assignment was due so he had to do the
calculations manually. His average daily intake was:
!
!
!
!

120 g protein
10 g fiber
300 g carbohydrate
80 g fat

7.

How many calories did he eat?

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

1840 kcal
2000 kcal
2040 kcal
2400 kcal
2440 kcal

8.

What percentage of Trevors energy intake came from fat?

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

9.

Looking at his nutrient profile, Trevor is not getting enough:

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

10.

c.
d.
e.

A lack of other nutrients can result in anemia with the same symptoms
It is dangerous to self-diagnose and take supplements instead of seeking professional
medical advice
Males never become iron-deficient because iron is recycled, not excreted
He would be OK if he made sure that he ate fruits and vegetables in addition to iron
supplements
a and b

What is the major hormone that regulates Basal Metabolic Rate?

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

12.

Protein
Fiber
Carbohydrate
Fat
None of the above: he is taking in enough or too much of all of the above

Trevor is feeling tired and weak. He thinks he has iron-deficiency anemia and starts to take iron
supplements. Why is this NOT a good idea?
a.
b.

11.

10%
15%
30%
50%
80%

Thyroxin
Insulin
Glucagon
Vitamin A
Testosterone

In describing fats, the term polyunsaturated means:

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

There are fewer than 16 carbons in the chain

The fat lacks glycerol
There are no double bonds between carbons
The fat is solid at room temperature
There are two or more C = C double bonds between carbons

13.

Children with malnutrition get frequent infections. Why?

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

14.

They live in poverty with many bacteria in their food

The bacteria in their large intestine invade their body
They lack sufficient carbohydrate stores for energy
They lack sufficient protein for immune function
They cannot absorb enough fat to synthesize vitamin D

Which of the following combinations of foods would provide the greatest amount of dietary
fiber?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

15.

Fried eggs, bacon, and toasted white bread

Ham sandwich on white bread, potato chips, iced tea
Three bean salad, whole wheat roll, butter, coca cola
McDonalds Cheeseburger on white bun
Rice Krispies cereal, milk, yogurt, sugar, coffee

Which of the following food combinations does not have any carbohydrate?
a.
b.
c.
e.

16.

Heartburn is caused by:

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

17.

Jams, jellies and fruit

Milk and yogurt
Beef, chicken and fish
d.
Soybeans, pinto beans and green beans
Both c & do not have any carbohydrate

Eating small, frequent meals with excess fat

Stomach acid invading the heart muscle
Eating too much spicy food which causes excess stomach acid to reflux within the heart
muscle
The esophageal sphincter allowing stomach acid to reflux into the esophagus
Excess stomach acid in the stomach caused by high protein meals

What is atherosclerosis?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

A condition caused by plaque buildup along the inner walls of the arteries
Blood pressure higher than the acceptable range
The presence of small cell-like bodies in the lymph
Hardened veins caused by lack of exercise
Infected pockets bulging out of the large intestine

18.

Even though their body weights and heights are similar, the female athlete has a higher BMR
than a female non-athlete because:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

19.

Female adolescents often have smaller babies than mature women. In general, adolescents are
advised to gain more weight during pregnancy to meet:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

20.

Strained meats
Corn syrup
Strained vegetables
Table sugar
Honey

Muscle tissues use fatty acids for prolonged exercise. These fatty acids come from:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

22.

The infants need to be larger than normal at birth

The mothers growth needs - an adolescent delivering a small infant is no problem
The doctors demand
The need for a healthy mother and baby
None of the above - since obesity is such a problem after childbirth, young mothers
should actually try to limit their weight gain during pregnancy

It is very important to avoid giving ___ to an infant, because it may harbor botulism spores.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

21.

The athlete has less body fat and more lean muscle
The athletes body produces more glycogen
The non-athlete has greater lung capacity
The non-athlete produces more thyroxin
The athlete has more mitochondria to metabolize ATP

Protein stores
High density lipoprotein
Fat stores
Glycogen stores
Glucose stores

Jim has Type 1 diabetes but is not aware of his condition. Which of the following may occur if he
does not get medical treatment?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

High glucose in the urine

Damage in tissues (i.e., nerves capillaries)
Increased glucose uptake into muscle and adipose cells
a & b only
a, b, & c

23.

Which of the following are characteristics shared by olive oil and canola oil?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

24.

The best way to prevent Staphyloccus aureus and/or Salmonella food poisoning is to:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

25.

B vitamins are a good source of calories

Oxygen for energy metabolism cannot be transported into the cells
With any B vitamin deficiency, protein synthesis occurs without energy release
Absorption of carbohydrates and fats is decreased
Coenzymes needed for energy metabolism are not present in sufficient amounts

Sylvia loves milkshakes and other milk products, but she breaks out in hives and red spots and
itches all over whenever she drinks them. What should she do to stop this problem?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

27.

Keep foods acidic by sprinkling them with vinegar

Hold the foods at temperatures between 40 and 140 F
Wash your hands before handling foods
Eat mostly raw foods
All of the above

Which of the following statements explain why B vitamin deficiencies lead to a lack of energy?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

26.

Both contain high levels of cholesterol

Both contain trans fatty acids
Both contain high levels of monounsaturated fatty acids
Both are triglyceride-free
Both contain mainly saturated fat

She should start drinking chocolate milk instead of milkshakes to prevent hives
She is allergic to milk - there is nothing she can do but avoid milk products
She is lactose intolerant - she should consume only small amounts of milk at a time
She is lactose deficient - she needs enzyme supplements
She should consume only fat-free milk products

Miriam is a vegan. What nutrient might she be deficient in, and what should she do about it?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

Iron; consume more red meat, fish and poultry

Vitamin C; eat citrus fruit
Calcium; drink milk
Vitamin E; go out in the sun
Vitamin B12; take a B12 supplement

28.

Miriam is concerned about getting Vitamin A toxicity since she eats many deep orange
vegetables. Is this a problem for her?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

29.

Miriam knows that Vitamin E is an important antioxidant that protects cells from damage by free
radicals. Why are vitamin E deficiencies rarely observed in humans?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

30.

Most people take Vitamin E supplements

The vitamin is not essential
The vitamin is widespread in foods
The vitamin can be synthesized by the body
Most people drink vitamin E fortified milk

Miriam has heard of a proposal to fortify bread with iron because many young women have low
iron levels. This sounds like a great idea, but could there be any harmful consequences?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

31.

No: Vitamin A is a fat soluble vitamin and is found only in fat-containing foods.
Deep orange vegetables do not have any fat, so she shouldnt be concerned
No: Deep orange vegetables are a good source of beta-carotene, which is not toxic
in large amounts, and can safely be converted to Vitamin A
Yes: Deep orange vegetables contain too much retinol which can be converted to
Vitamin A
Yes: She needs to eat yellow vegetables to counteract the potential toxicity of the orange
vegetables
No: the deep orange vegetables are not a good dietary source of Vitamin A at all

It is a great idea with no known harmful consequences

It should not be done because young women do not really need extra iron
Fortifying bread is a bad idea because the carbohydrates present will prevent any iron
uptake
Bread fortified with iron could cause men with a genetic predisposition to
hemochromatosis to develop iron overload
b and c only

Which micronutrient might an elderly person be deficient in and why?

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

Iron because of low intake of milk

Calcium because of an increased consumption of polyphenols that prevent calcium
absorption
Vitamin A because of the inability of chylomicrons to properly absorb fat-soluble
vitamins
Protein because of reduced consumption of all foods, especially meat products
Vitamin B12 because of decreased stomach acid and decreased intrinsic factor that
result in reduced absorption

32.

The major source of energy out (i.e., how much total energy we expend) for most people is
______, which is highly dependent upon __________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

33.

Explain why a Vitamin B12 deficiency could lead to anemia:

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

34.

Cholesterol
Tryptophan
Retinol
Beta-carotene
Niacin

Your friend claims that vegan diets do not contain saturated fat. Is she correct?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

36.

Vitamin B12 is essential for iron absorption

Vitamin B12 is essential for folate metabolism that is needed for growth of blood-forming
cells in the bone marrow
Vitamin B12 contains cobalt that competes with lead, thus preventing lead-induced iron
deficiency
Vitamin B12 stimulates the liver to produce more blood cells
Vitamin B12 is necessary for the growth of the protective covering of nerves

Humans use sunlight to synthesize Vitamin D from a precursor in the skin. What is that
precursor?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

35.

Thermic effect of food; fat calories

Basal metabolic rate; physical activity
Thermogenesis; air temperature
Physical activity; amount of exercise performed
Basal metabolic rate; lean body mass

She is partially correct - saturated fat is found only in hydrogenated vegetable oils
Yes, saturated fats is found only in meat and dairy products
Yes, all of the saturated fat in vegetable oils is converted to unsaturated fat by cooking
No, some vegetable oils may contain saturated fat
No, high levels of saturated fat are found in some green vegetables

Helen is mostly indoors and consumes very little milk. Which vitamin could she be deficient
in?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

Vitamin A
Vitamin K
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Vitamin E

37.

Allan lives in a developing country. The health worker suspects he is suffering from malnutrition.
What physical signs should the health worker look for to determine whether he has marasmus or
kwashiorkor?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

Edema: a sign of marasmus

Very skinny arms and legs: a sign of kwashiorkor, not marasmus
Fatty liver: a sign of kwashiorkor
Bowed legs: a sign of marasmus
There are no physical abnormalities caused by marasmus or kwashiorkor

Questions 38- 41 pertain to the following scenario:

Tim is a young college student who has become active in the animal rights movement. He decides that in
order to completely align his life with his new beliefs he will become a vegan.
38.

Following a vegan diet means that Tim:

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

39.

small
40.

Eats milk, milk products and eggs, but excludes all meat, poultry, fish, and seafood
Eats milk and milk products, but excludes meat, poultry, fish, eggs and seafood
Sometimes eats poultry but excludes all dairy, meat, fish, eggs and seafood
Does not eat any animal products
None of the above

After one year of following a vegan diet, Tim goes to the doctor because he is fatigued and
weak. He is diagnosed with microcytic anemia. The doctor explains that:
a.
b.
c.
d.

His zinc stores are depleted and consequently he has a low number of red blood cells
He is folate deficient and therefore has developed large, immature blood cells
He has a lack of intrinsic factor and consequently is also deficient in red blood cells
His iron stores are depleted and consequently his red blood cells are pale and

e.

His diet is too high in cholesterol and this is resulting in his weakness

Tim still wants to follow the vegan diet, but realizes that he is still growing so he wants to
make sure he gets enough zinc. Which food is the best source of zinc for a vegan such as
Tim?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

Cheddar cheese
Legumes
Lettuce
Ham
Nonfat milk

41.

Tim's friend tells him that low cancer rates found in vegetarian people are due to antioxidants in their food.
Which of the following is NOT correct?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

42.

True or false: the European Union has more strict labeling laws for genetically modified
foods than does the US.
a.
b.

43.

Osteoporosis
Diarrhea
Night blindness
Dry, cracked skin
Rickets

What happens if you eat too much dietary protein?

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

45.

True
False

An unfortunate consequence of Vitamin A deficiency is:

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

44.

Antioxidants may protect the DNA from free radical damage

Antioxidants stop the chain reaction caused by free radicals by donating their own electrons
Free radicals arise spontaneously during metabolism
Free radicals can be made by the cell membranes
All of the above are correct

The liver will store the extra protein

The protein is digested and any extra amino acids will be broken down into carbohydrate
After absorption, extra proteins will be synthesized and stored for use when protein
intake returns to normal
Extra protein is excreted in the urine
The protein is reassembled into chylomicrons for the transport of other nutrients

In the 2006 study comparing health status in the U.S. to health status in England, what
conclusion did the authors make?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

Americans are healthier because we smoke less

Americans are healthier because we drink less alcohol
Americans are healthier because we spend more money on health care
Americans are not healthier because we are more obese
Americans are not healthier. Smoking, alcohol use and obesity explain very little of
the difference

10

Nutritional Sciences 10
Professor Nancy Amy
December 16, 2006
FINAL EXAM

45

POINTS

It is the students responsibility to know the following instructions. Failure to adhere to the following
instructions may result in 0 points earned on the exam.
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!

Print your name on the line provided on the scantron sheet.

On the next line print your section number and the first name of your GSI.
Turn the sheet longways. Fill in your complete SID in the spaces provided.
Mark the last two rows 00 if you would like your exam score to be posted by SID.
Mark the last two rows 01 if you do not want your exam score to be posted.
Use only a #2 pencil on your scantron.
ABSOLUTELY NO Cell Phones, No Calculators.
Choose the best answer for each question.
You must turn in this exam along with your scantron.

1.

I did not take the exam on December 6. I have version a of this exam. Mark answer a.

2.

Your overweight Uncle Bill has been told that he is at risk of having a heart attack. How
would you explain to him what a heart attack means?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

3.

Uncle Bills doctor told him his HDL is low and he should raise it. Bill is confused because he
thought having low cholesterol was a good thing. What should you tell him?
a.

the

It is a blood clot in the brain

It is an accumulation of VLDL in the coronary veins
It is pain caused by stomach acid backing up into the esophagus and irritating the
esophageal tissue
It is interruption of the flow of blood to the heart muscle, which may cause the heart to
beat irregularly or stop completely
It is elevated blood pressure that ruptures the red blood cells traveling to the heart

b.
c.
d.
e.

His doctor is wrong: HDL should stay low and so should total cholesterol, triglycerides
and blood pressure
His doctor is right: HDL should be high because it carries cholesterol away from
tissues to the liver
His doctor is right: HDL should be high and he should increase his saturated fat intake to
help clear cholesterol from the intestine
His doctor is wrong: HDL should be low along with LDL because high levels of both
promote heart disease.
His doctor is right: HDL should be high but there is nothing you can do to increase it

4.

Your uncle wants to know why he has cholesterol in his body anyway, since it just clogs up his
arteries. Your best reply is:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

5.

Uncle Bill (who is at risk for a heart attack) usually has a cheeseburger and french fries for lunch.
When you take him to a sandwich shop, which of the follow would you recommend for him to
choose for lunch?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

6.

Cholesterol is important for the synthesis of bile and some hormones

Cholesterol is an important energy source for your muscles
Cholesterol is just a consequence of eating a diet that is too high in fat
Cholesterol is important for transporting proteins throughout the body
Cholesterol is not essential and all body cholesterol can be eliminated by eating
a cholesterol-free diet

Hot dog on a roll

Bagel and cream cheese
Cheese on sourdough bread
Chicken breast on whole wheat bread
Philly Cheese Steak sandwich

What other lifestyle recommendation could you suggest for your uncle to improve his health?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

Have an extra beer with dinner to stimulate his appetite

Check with his doctor about starting a regular exercise program
Join a pool and sit outdoors in the sun to increase his Vitamin A development
Begin taking amino acid supplements to increase his metabolic rate
Fast once a week to purify his system

Questions 7-10 relate to the following scenario:

Trevor is a student in NST10. He is 20 years old and 160 lbs (72.7 kg). He recorded his food intake for
three days, but his computer crashed the night before the assignment was due so he had to do the
calculations manually. His average daily intake was:
!
!
!
!

120 g protein
10 g fiber
300 g carbohydrate
80 g fat

7.

How many calories did he eat?

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

1840 kcal
2000 kcal
2040 kcal
2400 kcal
2440 kcal

8.

What percentage of Trevors energy intake came from fat?

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

9.

Looking at his nutrient profile, Trevor is not getting enough:

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

10.

c.
d.
e.

A lack of other nutrients can result in anemia with the same symptoms
It is dangerous to self-diagnose and take supplements instead of seeking professional
medical advice
Males never become iron-deficient because iron is recycled, not excreted
He would be OK if he made sure that he ate fruits and vegetables in addition to iron
supplements
a and b

What is the major hormone that regulates Basal Metabolic Rate?

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

12.

Protein
Fiber
Carbohydrate
Fat
None of the above: he is taking in enough or too much of all of the above

Trevor is feeling tired and weak. He thinks he has iron-deficiency anemia and starts to take iron
supplements. Why is this NOT a good idea?
a.
b.

11.

10%
15%
30%
50%
80%

Thyroxin
Insulin
Glucagon
Vitamin A
Testosterone

In describing fats, the term polyunsaturated means:

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

There are fewer than 16 carbons in the chain

The fat lacks glycerol
There are no double bonds between carbons
The fat is solid at room temperature
There are two or more C = C double bonds between carbons

13.

Children with malnutrition get frequent infections. Why?

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

14.

They live in poverty with many bacteria in their food

The bacteria in their large intestine invade their body
They lack sufficient carbohydrate stores for energy
They lack sufficient protein for immune function
They cannot absorb enough fat to synthesize vitamin D

Which of the following combinations of foods would provide the greatest amount of dietary
fiber?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

15.

Fried eggs, bacon, and toasted white bread

Ham sandwich on white bread, potato chips, iced tea
Three bean salad, whole wheat roll, butter, coca cola
McDonalds Cheeseburger on white bun
Rice Krispies cereal, milk, yogurt, sugar, coffee

Which of the following food combinations does not have any carbohydrate?
a.
b.
c.
e.

16.

Heartburn is caused by:

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

17.

Jams, jellies and fruit

Milk and yogurt
Beef, chicken and fish
d.
Soybeans, pinto beans and green beans
Both c & do not have any carbohydrate

Eating small, frequent meals with excess fat

Stomach acid invading the heart muscle
Eating too much spicy food which causes excess stomach acid to reflux within the heart
muscle
The esophageal sphincter allowing stomach acid to reflux into the esophagus
Excess stomach acid in the stomach caused by high protein meals

What is atherosclerosis?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

A condition caused by plaque buildup along the inner walls of the arteries
Blood pressure higher than the acceptable range
The presence of small cell-like bodies in the lymph
Hardened veins caused by lack of exercise
Infected pockets bulging out of the large intestine

18.

Even though their body weights and heights are similar, the female athlete has a higher BMR
than a female non-athlete because:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

19.

Female adolescents often have smaller babies than mature women. In general, adolescents are
advised to gain more weight during pregnancy to meet:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

20.

Strained meats
Corn syrup
Strained vegetables
Table sugar
Honey

Muscle tissues use fatty acids for prolonged exercise. These fatty acids come from:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

22.

The infants need to be larger than normal at birth

The mothers growth needs - an adolescent delivering a small infant is no problem
The doctors demand
The need for a healthy mother and baby
None of the above - since obesity is such a problem after childbirth, young mothers
should actually try to limit their weight gain during pregnancy

It is very important to avoid giving ___ to an infant, because it may harbor botulism spores.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

21.

The athlete has less body fat and more lean muscle
The athletes body produces more glycogen
The non-athlete has greater lung capacity
The non-athlete produces more thyroxin
The athlete has more mitochondria to metabolize ATP

Protein stores
High density lipoprotein
Fat stores
Glycogen stores
Glucose stores

Jim has Type 1 diabetes but is not aware of his condition. Which of the following may occur if he
does not get medical treatment?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

High glucose in the urine

Damage in tissues (i.e., nerves capillaries)
Increased glucose uptake into muscle and adipose cells
a & b only
a, b, & c

23.

Which of the following are characteristics shared by olive oil and canola oil?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

24.

The best way to prevent Staphyloccus aureus and/or Salmonella food poisoning is to:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

25.

B vitamins are a good source of calories

Oxygen for energy metabolism cannot be transported into the cells
With any B vitamin deficiency, protein synthesis occurs without energy release
Absorption of carbohydrates and fats is decreased
Coenzymes needed for energy metabolism are not present in sufficient amounts

Sylvia loves milkshakes and other milk products, but she breaks out in hives and red spots and
itches all over whenever she drinks them. What should she do to stop this problem?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

27.

Keep foods acidic by sprinkling them with vinegar

Hold the foods at temperatures between 40 and 140 F
Wash your hands before handling foods
Eat mostly raw foods
All of the above

Which of the following statements explain why B vitamin deficiencies lead to a lack of energy?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

26.

Both contain high levels of cholesterol

Both contain trans fatty acids
Both contain high levels of monounsaturated fatty acids
Both are triglyceride-free
Both contain mainly saturated fat

She should start drinking chocolate milk instead of milkshakes to prevent hives
She is allergic to milk - there is nothing she can do but avoid milk products
She is lactose intolerant - she should consume only small amounts of milk at a time
She is lactose deficient - she needs enzyme supplements
She should consume only fat-free milk products

Miriam is a vegan. What nutrient might she be deficient in, and what should she do about it?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

Iron; consume more red meat, fish and poultry

Vitamin C; eat citrus fruit
Calcium; drink milk
Vitamin E; go out in the sun
Vitamin B12; take a B12 supplement

28.

Miriam is concerned about getting Vitamin A toxicity since she eats many deep orange
vegetables. Is this a problem for her?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

29.

Miriam knows that Vitamin E is an important antioxidant that protects cells from damage by free
radicals. Why are vitamin E deficiencies rarely observed in humans?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

30.

Most people take Vitamin E supplements

The vitamin is not essential
The vitamin is widespread in foods
The vitamin can be synthesized by the body
Most people drink vitamin E fortified milk

Miriam has heard of a proposal to fortify bread with iron because many young women have low
iron levels. This sounds like a great idea, but could there be any harmful consequences?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

31.

No: Vitamin A is a fat soluble vitamin and is found only in fat-containing foods.
Deep orange vegetables do not have any fat, so she shouldnt be concerned
No: Deep orange vegetables are a good source of beta-carotene, which is not toxic
in large amounts, and can safely be converted to Vitamin A
Yes: Deep orange vegetables contain too much retinol which can be converted to
Vitamin A
Yes: She needs to eat yellow vegetables to counteract the potential toxicity of the orange
vegetables
No: the deep orange vegetables are not a good dietary source of Vitamin A at all

It is a great idea with no known harmful consequences

It should not be done because young women do not really need extra iron
Fortifying bread is a bad idea because the carbohydrates present will prevent any iron
uptake
Bread fortified with iron could cause men with a genetic predisposition to
hemochromatosis to develop iron overload
b and c only

Which micronutrient might an elderly person be deficient in and why?

a.
b.
calcium
c.
d.
e.

Iron because of low intake of milk

Calcium because of an increased consumption of polyphenols that prevent
absorption
Vitamin A because of the inability of chylomicrons to properly absorb fat-soluble
vitamins
Protein because of reduced consumption of all foods, especially meat products
Vitamin B12 because of decreased stomach acid and decreased intrinsic factor that
result in reduced absorption

32.

The major source of energy out (i.e., how much total energy we expend) for most people is
______, which is highly dependent upon __________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

33.

Explain why a Vitamin B12 deficiency could lead to anemia:

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

34.

Cholesterol
Tryptophan
Retinol
Beta-carotene
Niacin

Your friend claims that vegan diets do not contain saturated fat. Is she correct?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

36.

Vitamin B12 is essential for iron absorption

Vitamin B12 is essential for folate metabolism that is needed for growth of blood-forming
cells in the bone marrow
Vitamin B12 contains cobalt that competes with lead, thus preventing lead-induced iron
deficiency
Vitamin B12 stimulates the liver to produce more blood cells
Vitamin B12 is necessary for the growth of the protective covering of nerves

Humans use sunlight to synthesize Vitamin D from a precursor in the skin. What is that
precursor?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

35.

Thermic effect of food; fat calories

Basal metabolic rate; physical activity
Thermogenesis; air temperature
Physical activity; amount of exercise performed
Basal metabolic rate; lean body mass

She is partially correct - saturated fat is found only in hydrogenated vegetable oils
Yes, saturated fats is found only in meat and dairy products
Yes, all of the saturated fat in vegetable oils is converted to unsaturated fat by cooking
No, some vegetable oils may contain saturated fat
No, high levels of saturated fat are found in some green vegetables

Helen is mostly indoors and consumes very little milk. Which vitamin could she be deficient
in?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

Vitamin A
Vitamin K
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Vitamin E

37.

Allan lives in a developing country. The health worker suspects he is suffering from malnutrition.
What physical signs should the health worker look for to determine whether he has marasmus or
kwashiorkor?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

Edema: a sign of marasmus

Very skinny arms and legs: a sign of kwashiorkor, not marasmus
Fatty liver: a sign of kwashiorkor
Bowed legs: a sign of marasmus
There are no physical abnormalities caused by marasmus or kwashiorkor

Questions 38- 41 pertain to the following scenario:

Tim is a young college student who has become active in the animal rights movement. He decides that in
order to completely align his life with his new beliefs he will become a vegan.
38.

Following a vegan diet means that Tim:

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

39.

small
40.

Eats milk, milk products and eggs, but excludes all meat, poultry, fish, and seafood
Eats milk and milk products, but excludes meat, poultry, fish, eggs and seafood
Sometimes eats poultry but excludes all dairy, meat, fish, eggs and seafood
Does not eat any animal products
None of the above

After one year of following a vegan diet, Tim goes to the doctor because he is fatigued and
weak. He is diagnosed with microcytic anemia. The doctor explains that:
a.
b.
c.
d.

His zinc stores are depleted and consequently he has a low number of red blood cells
He is folate deficient and therefore has developed large, immature blood cells
He has a lack of intrinsic factor and consequently is also deficient in red blood cells
His iron stores are depleted and consequently his red blood cells are pale and

e.

His diet is too high in cholesterol and this is resulting in his weakness

Tim still wants to follow the vegan diet, but realizes that he is still growing so he wants to
make sure he gets enough zinc. Which food is the best source of zinc for a vegan such as
Tim?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

Cheddar cheese
Legumes
Lettuce
Ham
Nonfat milk

41.

Tim's friend tells him that low cancer rates found in vegetarian people are due to antioxidants in their food.
Which of the following is NOT correct?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

42.

True or false: the European Union has more strict labeling laws for genetically modified
foods than does the US.
a.
b.

43.

Osteoporosis
Diarrhea
Night blindness
Dry, cracked skin
Rickets

What happens if you eat too much dietary protein?

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

45.

True
False

An unfortunate consequence of Vitamin A deficiency is:

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

44.

Antioxidants may protect the DNA from free radical damage

Antioxidants stop the chain reaction caused by free radicals by donating their own electrons
Free radicals arise spontaneously during metabolism
Free radicals can be made by the cell membranes
All of the above are correct

The liver will store the extra protein

The protein is digested and any extra amino acids will be broken down into carbohydrate
After absorption, extra proteins will be synthesized and stored for use when protein
intake returns to normal
Extra protein is excreted in the urine
The protein is reassembled into chylomicrons for the transport of other nutrients

In the 2006 study comparing health status in the U.S. to health status in England, what
conclusion did the authors make?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

Americans are healthier because we smoke less

Americans are healthier because we drink less alcohol
Americans are healthier because we spend more money on health care
Americans are not healthier because we are more obese
Americans are not healthier. Smoking, alcohol use and obesity explain very little of
the difference

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