1.

Production and marketing of latrine slabs through local small enterprises

2. Local masons trained to become community entrepreneurs for building latrines
3. PPP pay-for-use toilet/shower facilities, privately managed Portion of revenue creates revolving
fund for reinvestment in sanitation

Will my daughter attend class while shes menstruating although there are no private toilets, or
should she stay home to avoid embarrassment? Will she risk shame by relieving herself in the open
by day or possible rape if she waits for privacy after dark?

One major improvement governments can make to address gender inequalityand some of these
terrible choicesis to improve sanitation and water service to households.

Every dollar spent on improving sanitation generates economic benefits (about nine times) that far
exceed the required sanitation investments. The cost of inaction is enormous. Achieving the MDG
for sanitation would result in $66 billion gained through time, productivity, averted illness and
death. It is estimated that a 10 year increase in average life expectancy at birth translates into a rise
of 0.3-0.4% in economic growth per year.

Indias progress on the MDGs for 2015

Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic
sanitation
HABITS DIE HARD Changing the behavior is a tough task From time immemorial people in the rural
areas are defecating in the open places. They are not aware of the dangers of open defecation
Unaware of the importance of toilets Myths and misconceptions about toilets Educating the toilet
habits among the mass is a continuous process
The cost of construction of a toilet came to about Rs. 11,000 of which the labour cost was Rs. 4,500.
Each toilet will get a subsidy of Rs. 5,700 under the sanitation scheme. Effective convergence of two
schemes ensured that the poor got a plastered brick-wall toilet with a leach pit, roof, and door.
Women labourers are paid Rs. 132 a day while the men employed as masons got Rs. 291. Twenty
women labourers and six masons construct five to six toilets a week,
The sharing of cost among the Centre, State and Beneficiary contribution is as follows:
Category
IHHL
School Toilet

Govt. of India Share

Govt. of TamilNadu Share

Beneficiary

Total

3,200

2,500*

900

6,600

24,500

10,500

35,000

(70%)

(30%)

5,600

2,400

(70%)

(30%)

1,20,000

Anganwadi Toilet
Sanitary Complex

8,000

60,000

20,000

2,00,000

(60%)

(30%)

(10%)

70%

30%

0%

Solid Liquid Waste Management

*It

includes

additional

State

Share

In view of the low subsidy amount provided under the Individual Household Latrines,
the State Government announced provision of increased State share of Rs.2,500 which is far
higher than the present Government of India prescribed State share of Rs.1,400.
4.4.1

Individual

Household

Latrines

(IHHL)

The main objectives are as under:

Bring about an overall improvement in the

Accelerate sanitation coverage in rural areas

Generate felt-demand for sanitation facilities through awareness creation and health education

Eliminate open defecation to minimize risk of contamination of drinking water sources and food

Convert dry latrines to pour flush latrines and eliminate manual scavenging practice, wherever

general quality of life in the rural areas

in existence in rural areas.

Under the IHHL component, against the target of 86,67,088 in Tamil Nadu, 71,12,683 toilets
have been constructed so far.
4.4.2 Implementation of Sanitation Works in Convergence with Mahatma Gandhi National
Rural

Employment

Guarantee

Scheme

(MGNREGS)

Government of India issued detailed guidelines for taking up works relating to access to sanitation
facilities under MGNREGS in June-September, 2012. Accordingly, detailed guidelines was issued by the
State Government vide G.O. (Ms.) No.121 RD & PR (CGS-1) Department, dated 28.11.2012 permitting
convergence of MGNREGS with Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan (NBA), for construction of Individual Household
Latrine

(IHHL)

and

taking

up

Solid

and

Liquid

Waste

Management.

4.4.3 Activities that are permitted for providing sanitation facilities in the rural areas under
MGNREGS
a) In the construction of Individual Household latrines under NBA, a maximum of 20 persondays
of unskilled labour and 6 persondays of skilled labour component are permitted under MGNREGS.
b) Solid and Liquid Waste Management works like Compost Pits, Earthen Drains, Soak Pits,
Recharge Pits and Jungle Clearance including Parthenium weed eradication can be taken up in the
proposed or completed Nirmal Gram Panchayats.

4.4.3.1

Construction

4.4.3.1.1

of

Individual

Household

Latrine

Unit Cost and Type Design

The Unit Cost for each Individual Household Latrine is as follows:

1.

Central Share*

Rs. 3,200/-

2.

State Share** (including additional amount provided by State:

Rs. 2,500/-

Government)
3.
4.

Beneficiary Contribution

Rs.

Unit cost under NBA

Rs. 6,600/-

Rs. 4,500/-

Assistance from
Total Unit Cost

MGNREGS

900/-

Rs.11,100/-

* The Central Share would be Rs.3,700 in the case of Hilly and difficult areas.
**The Type Design for the construction of IHHL, detailed estimate and Re

Very important data

(IHHL)