Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
PETER PAZMANY
UNIVERSITY
CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY
Development of Complex Curricula for Molecular Bionics and Infobionics Programs within a consortial* framework**
Consortium leader
The Project has been realised with the support of the European Union and has been co-financed by the European Social Fund ***
2011.10.07..
TMOP 4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006
World of Molecules
(Molekulk Vilga )
TMOP 4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006
Table of Contents
1.
2.
Additive names
10
3.
Radiofunctional names
11
12
4.
13
13
5.
Replacement names
14
14
6.
Conjuctive names
15
15
7.
Multiplying names
16
16
8.
Substitutive names
17
17
9.
Substractive names
18
21
22
27
28
37
2011.10.07..
TMOP 4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006
TMOP 4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006
HN
CH3
OH
Artificial names:
1. Generic name: made by the abbreviation of the full chemical name
e.g., p-acetylaminophenol paracetamol
2. International registered names : a) proposed name
b) recommended name
3. Registered / trade names: in many cases, these are fantasy names e.g., Panadol
4. Names used in Pharmacopoeias
2011.10.07..
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TMOP 4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006
- principal chain, preferred ring or ring system: the one with the highest
ranking among many possible chains or ring systems
- non-detachable prefixes: such an atom or group that substitutes one or more
hydrogen atoms of a principal chain
-detachable prefixes: indicates modification(s) of the skeleton of the principal
chain; to be listed immediately before the name of the principal chain
4. Numbering of the principal chain, preferred ring or ring system:
- in regarding to the principal group, prefixes, etc.,
5. Composition of the whole name:
- list prefixes in alphabetic order, with multiplying prefixes if these are to be
applied
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TMOP 4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006
NOMENCLATURE SYSTEMS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
2011.10.07..
ADDITIVE name
RADICOFUNCTIONAL name
FUSION name
HANTZSCH-WIDMAN name
REPLACEMENT name
CONJUNCTIVE name
MULTIPLYING name
SUBSTITUTIVE name
SUBTRACTIVE name
TMOP 4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006
ADDITIVE names:
a) The name of the compound is
made by formal attachments of
the name of the components,
without loss of atoms or groups
HC
CH2
styrene oxyde
HC
CH2
styrene
2
3
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2
3
pyrane
2,3-dihydropyrane
TMOP 4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006
COOH
CH2COOH
COOH
homophthalic acid
phthalic acid
19
CH3
1
2
10
5
12
17
16
14
5-androstane
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18
13
7
4
CH3
15
11
19
CH3
H3C
10
5
H3C
CH3
17
13
16
14
8
15
2,3-seco-5-androstane
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10
H2C
OH
H3C
ethyl alcohol
H3C
methyl iodide
H2C
CH3
H3C
H2C
CH3
H3C
H3C
Cl
methyl cyanide
acetyl chloride
H2C
propanal
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N
H3C
H2C
NH2
C
H
propanal hydrazone
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11
Radicofunctional name
cyanide, isocyanide
thiocyanate, isothiocyanate
ketone
alcohol
hydrosulfide
hydroperoxide
ether, oxide
sulfone, sulfoxide, sulfide
fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide, azide
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12
b
O
dibenzo[b,e]oxepine
HANTZSCH-WIDMAN name
- For heteromonocyclic parent structure having no
more than 10 ring members
- one or more heteroatoms
1
2
3
5
1,4-thiazepine
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13
H3C
NH
oxacyclohexane
CH2 CH2 O
CH3
2-oxa-5-azahexane
N
8
10
9
2,7,9-triazaphenanthrene
H3C
SH
thioacetic-S-acid
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S
C
S
H3C
OH
thioacetic-O-acid
S
C
SH
dithioacetic acid
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OH
hexanethio-O-acid
14
CONJUNCTIVE name:
Assembling cyclic systems with acyclic side chain.
Implying the loss of an appropriate number of hydrogen atoms from
each.
CH2 OH
cyclohexanemethanol
CH2 COOH
benzene-1,3,5-triacetic acid
HOOC
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H2C
CH2 COOH
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15
MULTIPLYING name:
Expresses multiple occurence of identical parent structures skeletons.
These are attached symmetrically, or the same rings are attached.
N
1'
2 2'
2,2-bipyridine
3
2'
HOOC
1'
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3'
O
4'
2
1
COOH
4,4-peroxydibenzoic acid
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16
TMOP 4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006
17
hydrogen: demethyl
HO
HO
morphine
H
N
CH3
NH
HO
HO
hydroxyl group
hydrogen: deoxy
5'
5'
1'
4'
OH
OH
O
3'
2011.10.07..
HO
HO
ribose
N-demethylmorphine
2'
OH
TMOP 4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006
1'
4'
3'
OH
2'
deoxyribose
OH
18
Increasing unsaturation:
didehydro
H3C
H
18
CH3
12
11
19
1
CH3
10
5
HO
13
8
7
cholesterol
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20
17
24
23
H3C
H
18
CH3
12
CH3
25
CH3
11
19
16
14
21 22
1
2
15
HO
CH3
10
13
9
20
17
24
23
CH3
25
CH3
16
14
8
21 22
15
7
4
7,8-didehydrocholesterol
TMOP 4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006
19
CH2 NH
CH
CH3
CH2 NH2
OH
CH
OH
adrenaline
noradrenaline
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
HO
H
HO
OH
CH2OH
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anhydroascorbinic acid
H
OH
CH2OH
20
CH3
ethane
H2C
CH2
ethene
HC
CH
ethyne
CH2
ethylium
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H3C
CH2
ethanide
H3C
CH2
ethyl
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21
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22
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25
X
*
*
X
1 X=H
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2 X = Cl
TMOP 4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006
26
CH3
O OH
O
H3C
O
H
N
O
OH HO
O
O
O
O
CH3
Taxol
Isolated from the pacific yew tree, total synthesis
2011.10.07..
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27
Chemistry
Chemical substance:
Nuclei + electrons
Types
According to the type of interaction
- Atomic
single nucleus + electrons
- Molecular
nuclei + electrons
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28
Organoelement Chemistry
> 14 Millions
Deals with structures and reactions of organic molecules
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Chemical bond
- MO
- Hybridization
- Resonance theory
- Lewis
- Ionic bond
Stability - reactivity
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electronic structure
- Molecular formula
- 2D description by classic structural formula
- 3D (stereochemistry)
Chemical reactivity
biological reactivity are dependent on the structure
other properties
Purpose: planning and prediction of the properties
Chemical reactions mechanism
- synthesis
- transformation: preparation of derivatives
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polycycles
- isolated polycycles
- spirocycles (1 bridgehead atom)
- condensed (2 bridgehead atoms)
- bridged (more than 2 bridgehead atoms)
Hydrocarbons
Substituted derivatives of hydrocarbons
Heterocyclic compounds
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Acyclic compounds
Cyclic compounds
Carbocycles
Saturated:
alkanes
Unsaturated:
alkenes, alkynes
Alicycles
Heterocycles
Aromatic
compounds
Saturated
Unsaturated
Aromatic
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Unsaturated compounds
Containing C=C
double bonds
Alkenes
H3C
CH
propene
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Containing CC
triple bonds
Polyenes
CH2 H2C
CH
CH
Alkynes
CH2
HC
buta-1,3-diene
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CH
ethyne
Polyynes
HC
CH
buta-1,3-diyne
34
Alicyclic compounds
Cycloalkanes
cyclohexane
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Polycyclic
alkanes
Cycloalkenes
spiropentane
cyclohexene
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Cycloalkynes
cyclooctyne
35
Aromatic
compounds
Monocycles
Monosubstituted
benzene derivatives
Polysubstituted
benzene derivatives
Linear
anellation
Angular
anellation
naphthalene
phenanthrene
1
6
3
4
ortho
meta
para
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36
tetrahydrofurane
monocycles
unsaturated
(monocycles and
polycycles)
pyridine
5
6
NH
S
6H-2,3-dihidro-[1,3]-thiazine
fused
ring systems
N
H
indole
H
N
3
2
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aromatic
N
H
imidazole
TMOP 4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006
purine
37