TECHNICAL DATA

TECHNICAL DATA

1. Torque
1-1. What is Torque?
(1) Torque 24
(2) Weight and mass 24

1-2. Torque Units [SI unit, Metric unit, American unit]

(1) Unit 25
(2) Unit of torque and conversion values 26
(3) [kgfcm] ([kgfm]) to [Nm] conversion value 27

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Unstable Mass and Stable Weight

The [N] (newton) is the new standard unit of force. We
formerly called the mass of an object the weight
and used [kg] to indicate units of mass and [kgf] or
[kgw] for weight. Because [kg] was used for both, the
terms mass and force were used incorrectly for a long
time.
We say mass for a particular measure that will not
change anywhere on the earth, even under zero gravity
conditions, but weight is an amount caused by
an acceleration that is felt by the body on which the
acceleration is acting.
So in a zero gravity condition there is no feeling of weight
and no weight. Even on the earths surface, the gravity
acceleration produced by differences in latitude or height
is different and the weight will change.
For example, if we compare the weight of 1 [kg] at sea
level and at the top of Mount Fuji, an approximately 1 [g]
difference in mass unit will be found. Because the top of
the mountain is much higher than sea level, the centrifugal
force will be bigger due to the rotation of the earth and the
gravity acceleration will be smaller.

WEIGHT (Sensation of
weight on your hand)

MASS

Acceleration of gravity
Place

Acceleration
Latitude Altitude of Gravity
[m]

International Standard
Omori (Tohnichi Tokyo)

[m/s ]
2

Difference from
International
Standard
[%]

9.80665

35
34

9.79782

0.090

Kofu (Tohnichi Plant)

35
36

255

9.79785

0.090

Sapporo, Japan

43
04

15

9.80596

0.007

26
12

21

9.79095

0.160

36
14

611

9.79654

0.103

35
09

46

9.79732

0.095

34
47

15

9.79703

0.098

34
22

9.79658

0.103

19
20 2269

9.77927

0.279

1
18

9.78066

0.265

60
10

21

9.81901

0.126

Naha, Japan

Matsumoto, Japan
Nagoya , Japan

Osaka (Itami) , Japan

Hiroshima, Japan
Mexico City
Singapore
Helsinki

Technical Data

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TECHNICAL DATA

TECHNICAL DATA
Chapter

1-1

Torque

1-1. What is Torque?

(1) Torque

Torque = Force Length (T = F L)

The force required to rotate an object, the force moment and

rotation moment, is known as torque.

Torque (T) is shown as the product of the force (F) and the
length (L).
T=FL

= 2F L/2 (If the force is doubled, halving the length will develop the
same torque.)

F/2
2L

= F/2 2L (If the force is halved, doubling the length will develop the
same torque.)

(2) Weight and mass

Force unit [N] (newton) Sl unit

One newton [N] ( 0.1 [kgf]) is the force caused

by accelerating a mass of 1kg at 1m/s2.

[kgf] (kilogramf ) old JIS unit

Mass unit

WEIGHT (Sensation of
weight on your hand)

[kg] (kilogram)

Length unit [m] (meter)

MASS

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Torque

Chapter

1-2

1-2. Torque Units [SI unit, Metric unit, American unit]

Torque

(1) Unit
Sl unit
Nm
1000mNm= 100cNm= 1Nm= 0.001kNm

Metric unit
kgfcm
(Gravity unit)
1000gfcm= 1kgfcm= 0.01kgfm
American unit[Ibfin]

16ozfin= 1Ibfin= 0.0833Ibfft

Main application range of torque units

1000

mNm

10

20

50

100 200

500

10

50 100 200 500 1000

1000

gfcm

10

20

50

100

200

500

20

1000

Nm

10

20

50

100 200

cNm

10

20

50

100

200

500 1000 20

10

20

10

20

50

100 200

500 1000 2000

ozfin

0.1

0.2

0.5

50

100 200

4000

Ibfin

500

10

20

50

100

2000

kgfcm

kNm

500 1000 2000 5000 10000

kgfm

5000
Ibfft

10

20

50

100

100 200

500 1000 2000 5000 10000 20000 50000 100000

Technical Data

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TECHNICAL DATA

TECHNICAL DATA
Chapter

1-2

Torque

(2) Unit of Torque and Conversion Values

1mNm

mNm

SI unit system
cNm

Nm

Metric (Gravity) unit system

American unit system

gfcm

kgfcm

kgfm

ozfin

lbfin

lbfft

1cNm

0.10

0.001

10.2

0.0102

0.000102

0.142

0.00885

0.000738

10

0.01

102

0.102

0.00102

1.42

0.0885

0.00738

1gfcm

1000

100

10200

10.2

0.102

142

8.85

0.738

0.0981

0.0981

0.0000981

0.001

0.00001

0.0139

98.1

9.81

0.0981

1000

0.01

13.9

1Nm

1kgfcm
1kgfm
1ozfin
1lbfin

1lbfft

Country/Region

0.000868 0.0000723
0.868

0.0723

9810

981

9.81

100000

100

1390

86.8

7.23

7.06

0.706

0.00706

72.0

0.072

0.00072

0.0625

0.00521

113

11.3

0.113

1150

1.15

0.0115

16

0.833

1360

136

1.36

13800

13.8

0.138

192

12

Japan, China, Europe

Asia

U.S.A., Aircraft industry

1 [Nm] 10.1972 [kgfcm] 10.20 [kgfcm]

1 [kgfcm] 0.0980665 [Nm] 0.0981 [Nm]

Conversion example:
T = 25.0 [kgfcm]
= 25.0 x 0.0980665
= 2.4516625 [Nm]
2.45 [Nm]

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Chapter

1-2

(3) [kgfcm] ([kgfm]) to [Nm] Conversion Value

kgfcm
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100

kgfcm
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000

kgfm
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100

Conversion value 1[kgfcm] 0.0980665[Nm]

1[kgfm] 9.80665[Nm]

0
0.981
1.96
2.94
3.92
4.90
5.88
6.86
7.85
8.83
9.81

1
1.08
2.06
3.04
4.02
5.00
5.98
6.96
7.94
8.92
9.90

2
1.18
2.16
3.14
4.12
5.10
6.08
7.06
8.04
9.02
10.0

3
1.27
2.26
3.24
4.22
5.20
6.18
7.16
8.14
9.12
10.1

4
1.37
2.35
3.33
4.31
5.30
6.28
7.26
8.24
9.22
10.2

5
1.47
2.45
3.43
4.41
5.39
6.37
7.35
8.34
9.32
10.3

6
1.57
2.55
3.53
4.51
5.49
6.47
7.45
8.43
9.41
10.4

7
1.67
2.65
3.63
4.61
5.59
6.57
7.55
8.53
9.51
10.5

8
1.77
2.75
3.73
4.71
5.69
6.67
7.65
8.63
9.61
10.6

9
1.86
2.84
3.82
4.81
5.79
6.77
7.75
8.73
9.71
10.7

0
9.81
19.6
29.4
39.2
49.0
58.8
68.6
78.5
88.3
98.1

10
10.8
20.6
30.4
40.2
50.0
59.8
69.6
79.4
89.2
99.0

20
11.8
21.6
31.4
41.2
51.0
60.8
70.6
80.4
90.2
100

30
12.7
22.6
32.4
42.2
52.0
61.8
71.6
81.4
91.2
101

40
13.7
23.5
33.3
43.1
53.0
62.8
72.6
82.4
92.2
102

50
14.7
24.5
34.3
44.1
53.9
63.7
73.5
83.4
93.2
103

60
15.7
25.5
35.3
45.1
54.9
64.7
74.5
84.3
94.1
104

70
16.7
26.5
36.3
46.1
55.9
65.7
75.5
85.3
95.1
105

80
17.7
27.5
37.3
47.1
56.9
66.7
76.5
86.3
96.1
106

90
18.6
28.4
38.2
48.1
57.9
67.7
77.5
87.3
97.1
107

0
98.1
196
294
392
490
588
686
785
883
981

1
108
206
304
402
500
598
696
794
892
990

2
118
216
314
412
510
608
706
804
902
1000

3
127
226
324
422
520
618
716
814
912
1010

4
137
235
333
431
530
628
726
824
922
1020

5
147
245
343
441
539
637
735
834
932
1030

6
157
255
353
451
549
647
745
843
941
1040

7
167
265
363
461
559
657
755
853
951
1050

8
177
275
373
471
569
667
765
863
961
1060

9
186
284
382
481
579
677
775
873
971
1070

Note: Number with significant 3 digits

Technical Data

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Torque

Torque

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