Introduction to C#

By
ApexTG India Pvt. Ltd.

Goals of the course

Introduce

ECMA standard
originally developed by MSR
not just Java + C++
many extensions

Introduce

C# language

.NET framework

future of Windows
base of Microsofts C# implementation

Non-goals
Teach

you to program

should be very comfortable writing OO code

we will not cover much if any basic programming

Introduce

not even teach you OO style (except wrt C#)

expected to write all code in OO style

Give

object oriented languages

you a detailed grade

S/U only
even homework

S/U Details

Requirements for the course

Assignments are S/U

come to lecture
participate
do three assignments
will not be giving a detailed grade
show me that you understand the concepts, and can write
C# code

All three assignments will be online soon

must be completed by the end of the course

Administrative Details
Class

time MWF 12:20-1:10

office hours: W 10:30-12 or by appointment

tmroeder@cs.cornell.edu (4112 Upson)

Prerequisites:

really: experience in OO coding/concepts

Academic

CS 211/212

Integrity

Do not submit work that is not your own

minimum penalty: U in the course

Useful Tools
Visual

Express: Google Visual C# Express

in Visual Studio: MSDNAA

must be version 2005: we need C# 2.0

Mono:

http://www.go-mono.com

Open Source impl for Linux: not quite at 2.0

Rotor:

C#

http://msdn.microsoft.com/net/sscli

Shared Source impl for Windows (through 2.0)

Used to work on BSD / OS X, too

Useful Tools
Portable.NET:

yet another open source impl

CMS:

http://www.dotgnu.org

http://cms.csuglab.cornell.edu

we will use this for homework

turn on your email notifications!

Course

Webpage: http
://www.cs.cornell.edu/courses/cs215

will post lectures online

as well as any errata for the homework

CSUGLab
You

all will have accounts

MSDNAA access: let me know if you dont

currently have it
http://www.csuglab.cornell.edu/userinfo.html
Visual Studio .NET 2005 should be installed there

Syllabus
Syllabus

(10 more lectures)

C# constructs: 5 lectures
Types, Delegates, Generics, Reflection, Iterators
.NET Memory Management: 1 lecture
Topics: 4 lectures
C# 3.0, Threading, Security, MSIL, MSH

Quiz 1
Each

class will begin with a quiz

not for credit but for knowledge

but I will collect them and see what you know

Todays

quiz will be on prerequisites

OO programming, mainly to do with Java

If you dont know Java, but do have OO
experience, its OK
talk to me after if you have trouble

What is .NET?
A

Framework in which to run code

A Common Language Runtime (CLR)

runs all programs

C# compiles to Microsoft Intermediate Language
MSIL runs on CLR
Virtual Machine like Java
code written in many languages compiles to MSIL

Common Language Specification (CLS)

A Common Type System (CTS)

What is .NET?
Web Services
Sharepoint

Building Blocks (e.g. for Services)

...

...

.NET Applications
Enterprise Servers

Languages:

SQL Server

C#, Visual Basic, etc

BizTalk

...

Runtime
Common
Type
System

Common
Language
Runtime

Services: .NET and COM+

.NET Framework
Operating System

From MSDN

What is the CLR?

Base Class Library Support
Thread Support

COM Marshaler

Type Checker

Exception Manager

Security Engine

Debug Engine

MSIL to Native
Compilers (JIT)

Code
Manager
Class Loader
From MSDN

Garbage
Collector (GC)

What is the CTS?

A

set of common types

any language that runs in CLR should implement
no syntax specified
Languages often define aliases

For

example

CTS defines System.Int32 4 byte integer

C# defines int as an alias of System.Int32

What is the CTS?

From MSDN

What is the CLS?

A

specification of language features

how methods may be called

when constructors are called
subset of the types in CTS are allowed

For

example

Code that takes UInt32 in a public method

UInt32 is not in the CLS

Can

mark classes as CLS-compliant

not marked is assumed to mean not compliant

The Class Libraries

The

common classes used in many programs

like Java Class Library

eg.
System.Console.WriteLine
XML, Networking, Filesystem, Crypto, containers

Can inherit from many of these classes

Many

languages run on .NET framework

C#, C++, J#, Visual Basic

even have Python (see IronPython)

Assemblies
Code

contained in files called assemblies

code and metadata

.dll as before
to run: public static

types

private: local directory, not accessible by others

void Main(string[] args)

eg. Wolfram .NETLink

shared: well-known location, can be GAC

strong names: use crypto for signatures

then can add some versioning and trust

COM vs .NET
Historically,

support for interfaces and interaction

given a GUID, lookup the type library
dynamically instantiate class
do RPC to make calls in many cases

Difficult

COM provided this integration

to get right

software engineering problems

not type safe at all

ASP.NET and ADO.NET

Use

thus can write typesafe code

server-side or client-side
Sharepoint interactions
can log in

Use

.NET languages in web pages

the CLR to access databases

in the manner of ODBC

provides classes for access

Windows PowerShell
New

shell originally for MS Vista

available for WinXP/2k3

native .NET
instantiates arbitary .NET classes and accesses them
Also can access COM objects

Allows

better interaction with programs

Can it surpass bash and others?

First C# Program
using System;
namespace Test {
int a = 137;
class Hello {
public static void Main(string[] args) {
Console.WriteLine(Hello {0}, a);
}
}
}

Constructions of Note
using

like import in Java: bring in namespaces

namespace

disambiguation of names
like Internet hierarchical names and Java naming

class

like in Java
single inheritance up to object

Constructions of Note
Console.Write(Line)

Takes a formatted string: Composite Format

Indexed elements: e.g., {0}
can be used multiple times
only evaluated once

{index [,alignment][:formatting]}
also can use as in Java

Test + a

More C# : basic inheritance

class A {
protected int a;
public virtual void print() {
Console.WriteLine(a = + a);
}
}
class B : A {
public override void print() {
Console.WriteLine(a really = + (a + 137));
}
}