More Information About ArcView Image Analysis 1.

1 Demo Edition
This document contains important information that is not included in the Image Analysis on-line
help.
Contents
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0

After Running Setup

Helpful Facts and Known Issues
Setting a Temp System Variable
To Learn More About Image Analysis
Customizing Image Analysis with Avenue
Using LZW Compressed TIFF Images
New Importer Information
To Uninstall Image Analysis
Copyright Information

1.0
After Running Setup
Setup creates the following program item for Image Analysis under the ArcView GIS program
group.
-Readme Image Analysis- provides important last minute information about Image Analysis.
2.0
Helpful Facts and Known Issues
Themes and Data Management
1. The ArcView Image Analysis extension introduces a new type of theme; the Image Analysis
theme. To access the functionality of the Image Analysis extension you must add image data sets
as Image Analysis Data Source Themes rather than the normal ArcView GIS Image Data Source
Themes.
2. Multiband images cannot be saved as GRIDs.
3. Convert to Shapefile from an Image Analysis theme requires that the output shapefile name
conforms to the DOS 8.3 file naming convention. Specifically:
a. The name of the file cannot exceed 8 characters (i.e.: "ANewShape.shp" is too long).
b. There cannot be any spaces or periods in the file name (i.e.: neither "New File.shp" nor
"New.File.shp" will work).
4. Any auxiliary files (.aux) or projects (.apr) created with Beta versions of Image Analysis should
be deleted.
5. Due to the extraordinary compression capabilities of the MrSID format, be aware that output
generated from MrSID input may be many times larger than the input file. Use the Image Analysis
Properties to restrict processing to the area of interest.
6. The Image Analysis Extension interprets "No Data" values as zero for integer GRIDs, and as
the smallest valued cell for floating-point GRIDs. If you have a value of zero in an integer GRID,
then you may want to consider reclassifying No Data values into another value using the Spatial
Analyst extension.
7. A maximum of 50 GRIDs loaded as Image Analysis themes may be open at any given time.
8. If you load GRIDs as an Image Analysis Data Source, use "Image Analysis Dataset" rather
than "Grid" in the Source Manager. Copying, renaming and deleting GRID data sets with the
"Grid" option in the Source Manager does not consider pyramid layers and other auxiliary data

created by Image Analysis.

9. Image Analysis Themes can not be added directly to a 3D Scene in the 3D Analyst. However,
the same images that you load or import as Image Analysis Themes can be used directly or
saved into a format that can be loaded as a normal ArcView GIS Image Theme (i.e.: IMAGINE,
ERDAS .LAN, ERDAS .GIS, MrSID, JPEG, GRID, or TIFF) or as a Grid Theme (i.e.: GRID only),
which are valid theme types within a 3D Scene.
10. When you attempt to delete an image under Windows 95 or Windows 98, the software may
report that the image is read-only and be unable to delete the image. This can happen if the
image is open in another application. You will need to close the image in all applications before
you can delete it.
11. Imagery with Complex Numbers, such as RADAR SLC, cannot be saved in the GRID or TIFF
formats.
12. Image Analysis 1.1 supports the extended IMG file format to contain images greater than 2GB
in size. The image data for files greater than 2GB in size is stored in a file with the file extension
.IGE, although their use is transparent to the user, as the corresponding IMG file is still the file
accessed through Add Theme. An IGE file is automatically created whenever a file greater than
2GB is created. Pyramid layers for IGE files are stored in a corresponding pyramid layer file with
the extension .RRD, and if the pyramid layer file itself becomes larger than 2GB, then a .RDE file
will be automatically created. The following known issues should be noted when using files greater
than 2GB:
Windows 95/98
Able to read and write files up to 4 GB to a local FAT32 file system.
Generally able to read files from a remote NTFS file system, with some systems
experiencing problems zooming in to full resolution. Other remote disks are treated as if
they were FAT file systems, and are subject to the 2 GB limit imposed by FAT.
Windows NT/2000
Able to read and write larger than 4 GB to a local NTFS file system, up to a technical limit
of 2^64 bytes (approximately 16 million terabytes).
Able to read files larger than 4 GB from a remote NTFS file system. Other remote disks
are treated as if they were FAT file systems, and are subject to the 2 GB limit imposed by
FAT.
ImageAnalysisCache Folder
1. The Image Analysis extension will not function properly unless a TEMP environment variable
is set to an existing writable directory. See Section 4.0 Setting a Temp System Variable for
information on adding an environment variable for your computer. When Image Analysis
encounters read-only imagery, or imagery in read-only directories, it stores any information it
computes, such as statistics or pyramid layers, into the TEMP\ImageAnalysisCache directory.
This computed information gets deleted whenever Image Analysis is loaded or unloaded.
If you want to avoid recomputing this information with each ArcView GIS session, then create a
file called TEMP\ImageAnalysisCache\keep.me. The computed information will not be removed
automatically, but you will need to monitor and delete the files in TEMP\ImageAnalysisCache
when appropriate.
2. You may get the message "Unable to clear out Image Analysis cache" if you run multiple
instances of ArcView GIS with Image Analysis at the same time. Creating the keep.me file, as
discussed in the previous paragraph, will avoid this message.
Printing
1. Postscript printing with the ArcView GIS Basic option is not supported. However, use of the

Postscript Interface options of Native OS or ArcView Enhanced are supported.

2. If the following events happen when you are trying to print a large map composition to a largeformat printer:
* the print job appears in the print queue but does not print
* you do not receive an error message
* there is not an error message in the event log
You are either out of disk space for spooling the print job or you have run up against the
maximum size set on your machine for virtual memory.
The default print spool directory is located at
Windows NT and Windows 2000 users - WINNT\SYSTEM32\SPOOL\PRINTERS
Windows 95/98 users - WINDOWS\SPOOL\PRINTERS
The default virtual memory paging file for Windows NT, Windows 2000 and Windows 95/98 is
located at C:\pagefile.sys.
If you do not appear to be running out of disk space, check the maximum size set for the paging
file.
(The following information is for Windows NT and Windows 2000 users. Windows 95 and
Windows 98 manage virtual memory settings by default. If further configuration is needed for
Windows 95 and Windows 98, see your Microsoft Windows 95 or 98 User's Guide for
information.)
Windows NT
a. Display System properties.
b. Under Virtual Memory, click Change.
c. Compare the values under Paging File Size for Selected Drive to the Recommended
value under Total Paging File Size for All Drives. If Initial Size (MB) is already large enough,
increase the value for Maximum Size (MB) under Paging File Size for Selected Drive.
d. If you changed either Initial Size or Maximum Size (MB), click Set, and then click OK.
e. Click Close, and restart your computer.
Windows 2000
a. Display System properties.
b. Click on the Advanced Tab and then the Performance button.
c. Under Virtual Memory, click Change.
d. Compare the values under Paging File Size for Selected Drive to the Recommended
value under Total Paging File Size for All Drives. If Initial Size (MB) is already large enough,
increase the value for Maximum Size (MB) under Paging File Size for Selected Drive.
e. If you changed either Initial Size or Maximum Size (MB), click Set, and then click OK.
f.

Click Close, and restart your computer.

Image Analysis Properties

1. The selection of features within a Feature Theme is not considered when used as a mask

theme in the Image Analysis Properties dialog. As a workaround, simply use the Convert to
Shapefile option on the shapefile with the selection to produce a new shapefile containing only the
desired features. This new shapefile can then be used as the mask.
2. Values of zero in Image Analysis Themes are considered as background. If you use an
Image Analysis Theme as a mask, areas with zero values will not be analyzed.
3. The Categorize function uses the same cell size as the input file, regardless of the cell size in
the Image Analysis Properties dialog. You can then resample the theme to a different cell size
using the Save Image As option from the Theme menu, which will adhere to all of the Image
Analysis properties.
4. Find Like Areas will always operate based on the map information of the already existing
output file (i.e., map extent and cell size) rather than observing the extent, cell size, and mask in
the Image Analysis Properties. A new Output Image Theme created with the New button on the
Find Like Areas dialog will observe the Image Analysis Properties set at that time.
5. Under certain circumstances, Summarize Areas produces extra zones when a feature theme
is used as the Zone Theme. If this happens, use the Image Analysis Properties to set the analysis
extent to that of the Class Theme. If you wanted to use a different extent from the Class Theme,
then set that different extent, save the Class Theme as a new image, and set the image analysis
extent to the new image.
6. When either Analysis Properties are set, or an operation is performed with multiple input
images, a perceived pixel shift may occur. This happens when the offset of one image from the
other (in either the X or the Y direction) is not an exact multiple of the pixel size. So, when an
image with 10-meter pixels whose map coordinates start at 100 and continue at 110, 120, 130,
etc. is mosaicked with another image, also with 10-meter pixels, but whose map coordinates start
at 205 and continue at 215, 225, 235, etc., there will be a half a pixel shift in the second image as
compared to the output file.
For further information, see "Understanding Pixel Shift" in Chapter 7 of Using ArcView Image
Analysis Version 1.1.
Image Georeferencing
1. If you load a non-georeferenced image as an Image Theme and then again as an Image
Analysis Theme, they will not appear in the same place in the view. The Image Analysis extension
uses a different point of origin for non-georeferenced images.
2. As GeoTIFF provides more complete geographic information than world files, Image Analysis
will only use TIFF world files for images that do not have GeoTIFF coordinates.
3. Image Alignment is an edit function, which must be completed and saved to the image. Just
as edits to a shapefile are not temporarily saved in a project but rather must be saved back to the
shapefile, alignment links are not saved in the project.
The Rotate and Flip commands use the alignment mechanism, so the initial movement of the
image during an alignment may be effected by these. The alignment process may be started by
either using the Rotate or Flip commands or the initial selection of the Align Tool. The image
movement, any time the Align Tool is selected, is based upon: whether the alignment process
has started, if there are any alignment links, and where the view is zoomed. If the alignment
process has started but no links have been taken (i.e.: Flip, Rotate) when the Align Tool is
selected, then the image will be moved to the display extent if the image is entirely off the view,
otherwise it will not be moved. If the alignment process has not been started when the Align Tool
is selected then the image will be moved to the display extent if the image is entirely off the view,
otherwise it will be moved to the union of the extents of the other visible themes.
Legends

1. Image Analysis legends are not interchangeable with Spatial Analyst legends, because they
contain different information. Use care with saved legend files, especially for GRIDs, which can be
viewed as a Grid or as an Image Analysis Data Source.
2. If the legend of a thematic IATheme is edited so that values are removed from the legend, the
missing values will be assigned the color corresponding to the first row in the legend, which is
assumed to be the background value.
Analysis
1. When the Image Analysis extension operates (i.e.: Import, Seed tool) on very large files, the
interface may appear not to respond. However, the processes are being performed and will
complete correctly.
2. When using a shapefile as the Zone Theme in the Summarize Areas dialog, use either a
character attribute or a numeric attribute with a relatively small range for the Zone Attribute. Any
attribute that has values in the tens of thousands would not be appropriate as input to the
Summarize Areas dialog.
3. When using the Export to Table option in the Summarize Results Dialog, the output will be a
comma delimited text file. In order to edit the table in ArcView GIS, you will need to add the table
to your project and then export the table to either dBASE or INFO formats. You will be limited to
ten (10) characters for a dBASE field name or sixteen (16) characters for an INFO field name.
This field name limitation may cause some difficulty with using the table in further operations
within ArcView GIS or as a data source in Crystal Reports with the Report Writer extension to
ArcView GIS. This may be of particular concern if the Class theme is the result of a Thematic
Change operation which potentially can lead to very long class names, which would be truncated
when converted to dBASE or INFO format. The use of the text output preserves the field name, so
that you can create appropriate aliases for the field names prior to exporting the table to either
format. For more information on creating aliases for a field, please see the document "specifying
an alias for a field," which you can access from the Index in the ArcView GIS online help.
Crystal Reports for ESRI provides the ability to edit the field names from the Create Report Expert
dialog that is invoked when choosing any of the report types other than the Quick Report option.
This will allow you to type in a longer field name if desired. The Quick Report option does not
provide this option and thus, you should consider defining appropriate aliases as mentioned
above.
4. If the Find Like Areas dialog comes up without either of the 'Selected Graphics' or 'Selected
Features' check boxes checked, then you do not have either type of item ready for use with this
dialog. By clicking the Help button provided on the dialog, you can gain knowledge of how to
prepare either item for use with the Find Like Areas dialog. At this point you will need to click
Cancel in the Find Like Areas dialog and start again.
5. Categorize does not support calibrated imagery. In order to categorize calibrated imagery, first
select Save Image As from the Theme menu.
6. When using the Gaussian histogram stretch technique on 16 bit imagery, the lookup table
may not be properly clipped. This can cause the lookup table line to appear as if it runs off the top
of the histogram dialog. To reset this properly, check the Invert stretch, click Apply, uncheck the
Invert stretch, and hit Apply again.

3.0
Setting a Temp System Variable
To add environment variables for your computer,
Windows NT
1. Display System properties dialog box by clicking Start, pointing to Settings, clicking Control

Panel and then double clicking System.

2. On the Environment tab, in the list you want to add the variable, click any existing variable
name.
3. In the Variable box, type the name of the new variable. (TEMP)
4. In the Value box, type the value. (example: c:\temp)
5. Click Set.
Windows 2000
1. Display System properties dialog box by clicking Start, pointing to Settings, clicking Control
Panel and then double clicking System.
2. Click on the Advanced Tab
3. Click on the Environment Variables button
4. In the System variables section, click on the 'New' button.
5. In the Variable Name field, type the name of the new variable. (TEMP)
In the Variable Value field, type the value. (example: c:\temp)
Windows 95 and Windows 98
A TEMP System Variable can be added by editing your c:\Autoexec.bat file with a text editor. Add
the following line to Autoexec.bat, save the file, and restart your computer. If you do not have an
autoexec.bat file, create one with the following line.
SET TEMP=c:\temp
Note: c:\temp is the folder where you want temporary files written.
4.0
To Learn More About Image Analysis
To learn more about the ArcView Image Analysis extension, double click the Image Analysis book
under Extensions in the on-line help contents.
5.0
Customizing Image Analysis with Avenue
The Image Analysis extension adds a new Image Analysis theme class that has Image Analysis
extension specific Avenue requests for customization. You can double click the Customizing the
Image Analysis Extension with Avenue book under Image Analysis in the on-line help contents for
further information.
6.0
Using LZW Compressed TIFF Images
To use LZW compressed TIFF images with Image Analysis, you must first obtain an LZW license
for ArcView GIS. If you have previously obtained this license to use LZW compressed TIFF
images with core ArcView GIS, you will not need to obtain another license. Image Analysis uses
the same license as core ArcView GIS for LZW support. For information on obtaining an LZW
license, search the ArcView GIS online help for "LZW".
7.0
New Importer Information
Landsat-7 Multispectral Acres
Landsat-7 Panchromatic Acres

(Files named *.hrf)

(Files named *.hpn)

Landsat-7 Thermal IR Acres

(Files named *.htm)

These titles are used to import Landsat 7 ETM+ images distributed by the Australian Centre for
Remote Sensing (ACRES). Select any of the files in the SCENE01 directory to import the image.
LABEL.TXT
QARPTCHK.TXT
README.TXT
RE_NAME.BAT
RE_NAME.S
SCENE01
BAND1.DAT
BAND2.DAT
BAND3.DAT
BAND4.DAT
BAND5.DAT
BAND7.DAT
HEADER.HRF
README.FF7
REPORT.TXT
Landsat-7 Multispectral ESA (CEOS)
This title is for importing Landsat 7 ETM+ images distributed by Eurimage (ESA) in it's CEOS
format. Select any of the files in the root directory or the SCENE1 directory to import the image.
CATALOG
SCENE1
DAT_01.001
DAT_02.001
DAT_03.001
DAT_04.001
DAT_05.001
DAT_06.001
DAT_07.001
DAT_08.001
DAT_09.001
DAT_CAL_01.001
DAT_CAL_02.001
DAT_CAL_03.001
DAT_SUP_01.001
DAT_SUP_02.001
LEA_01.001
LEA_02.001
LEA_03.001
LEA_04.001
LEA_05.001
LEA_06.001
LEA_07.001
LEA_08.001
LEA_09.001
TRA_01.001
TRA_02.001
TRA_03.001
TRA_04.001
TRA_05.001
TRA_06.001

TRA_07.001
TRA_08.001
TRA_09.001
VDF_CAL.001
VDF_DAT.001
VDF_NUL.001
VDF_SUP.001

8.0
To Uninstall Image Analysis
The Image Analysis software components can be easily uninstalled if necessary. This will remove
the ArcView Image Analysis extension and all of its components.
Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows NT 4.0 users- From the Start button, click Settings and
then click Control Panel. Double click the Add/Remove Programs icon. On the Install/Uninstall
tab, select the ArcView Image Analysis extension programs list, then click the Add/Remove
button.
Windows 2000 users- from the Start button, click Settings, then Control Panel. Double-click the
Add/Remove Programs Icon. Select the ArcView Image Analysis program from the program list,
then click the Change/Remove button.
9.0 Copyright Information
Copyright 1997-2000 ERDAS, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Portions of this computer program are copyright 1995-1999 LizardTech, Inc. All rights reserved.
MrSID is protected by U.S. Patent No. 5,710,835. Foreign Patents Pending
Data Credits and Copyrights:
ADAR Airborne Sensor data courtesy of Positive Systems 1995, Kalispell, Montana
Landsat MSS, Landsat TM, and IRS-1C data courtesy of Space Imaging EOSAT, Thornton,
Colorado
SPOT data courtesy of SPOT IMAGE Corporation, Reston, Virginia, SPOT CNES 1988
Landsat data courtesy of AEROTERRA S.A., Argentina
Radar data courtesy of Infocarta, S.A., Spain
Aerial photography courtesy of U.S. Geological Survey, EROS Data Center, Sioux Falls, South
Dakota
AVHRR and radar data courtesy of ESA/EURIMAGE, Rome, Italy
Landsat data and analyses courtesy of BCD Council of Governments, Charleston, South Carolina
Landsat and ancillary data courtesy of Westvaco, Inc., Summerville, South Carolina
SPOT data courtesy of Swedish Space Corporation, SPOT CNES 1988/1993/1997 SSC
Satellitbild 1997
Aerial imagery of Stockholm courtesy of Swedish Space Corporation, Kampsax/Geoplan
SSC Satellitbild 1997
OrbView 2, and OrbView 3 and 4 imagery courtesy of Orbital Imaging Corporation, Orbital
Imaging Corporation 1998
SPIN-2 imagery courtesy of Aerial Images, Inc. Sovinformsputnik and Aerial Images, Inc. 1998
Aerial imagery of Mt. Perry courtesy of ESRI Australia. Used with permission.
ESRI and ArcView are registered trademarks in the United States and are either trademarks or
registered trademarks in all other countries where they are used and the ESRI globe logo and the
ArcView Image Analysis logo are trademarks of Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc.
ERDAS and ERDAS IMAGINE are registered trademarks, the ERDAS logo is a trademark, and
Geographical Imaging Made Simple and Geographic Imaging by ERDAS are service marks of
ERDAS, Inc. Other companies and products mentioned herein are trademarks or registered
trademarks of their respective trademark owners. ArcView GIS uses Neuron Data's Open
Interface.