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Storage Tank

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Consider maintenance & cleaning operations

Consider the erection/removal of falsework in confined spaces during construction (use
false soffits or pre-cast slabs for roof sections)
Design benching to be self-cleansing
Consider type of covers (think about manual handling, and security of access)
Incorporate a sufficient number of davit sockets
What telemetry is required?
On-line or Off-line tank?
Are welfare facilities required?
Is a gravity discharge achievable? Otherwise pumps will be required.
Is a power supply needed?
Is a water supply needed for washing down?
Planning permission is required for all control kiosks and permanent accesses to the
Is a standby generator required?
DA and RD Discharge consents for emergency overflow
What is required in the way of control kiosks/buildings
Ensure that access for a tanker is possible
Place screens on inlet to tanks on off-line tanks
Ensure sufficient access of adequate size are incorporated (NB can plant be removed
Consider the type of screen required
Design out any possible maintenance hazards
Ensure adequate ventilation is achieved
Is odour control required?
Consider retention times of the tank
How long does it take to empty the tank? Consider follow on storm events
Provide a facility for overpumping of the tank
Are overflows required?
Provide penstocks on the tank inlets/outlets to enable flows to be diverted or isolated
Provide a penstock protected bypass pipe
Is a flow control required on the tank outlet/bypass pipe?
Reinstatement of area, consider future access requirements
Does the site need to be purchased?
HARAS complete?
EIA complete ?

State of Qatar -Public Works Authority

Drainage Affairs

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Pump motors should normally be fed from 415 volts,

50 hertz, 3-phase power supply. For larger motors
690V or 3.3KV motors can be used.
Because additional heat is generated in the motor
when used with a variable speed drive, the approval
of the pump manufacturer should be obtained before
VSDs are used.
For dry well and screw pumps where the motors are
installed vertically or at a steep angle, they should
be specifically designed for that purpose, with
adequately rated end thrust bearings.
Where flywheels are installed, the motor rating shall
be suitably uprated.

2.13

Sump Design

The CIRIA guide The hydraulic design of pump

sumps and intakes by M.J. Prosserxli should be
referred to when designing sumps or wet wells.
Sumps should be designed to provide a uniform
steady flow of water into any pump without creating
swirl or entraining air. Unsteady flow can lead to
fluctuating loads, vibration, noise and premature
failure. Swirl can affect the flow capacity, power and
efficiency. It can also result in local vortices that
introduce air into the pump also leading to
fluctuating loads, vibration, noise and premature
failure.
Sumps should also be designed to prevent the
accumulation of sediment and surface scum.
Most sumps and wet wells at standard pumping
stations will probably be uniform in section and can
be designed to avoid turbulent flows.

Modelling
For non-standard pumping stations, which may have
high flows, multiple pumps or complex shapes, or
where turbulent flows, vortices, swirl or air
entrainment are more likely to occur, modelling
should be considered.
For pumping stations, a physical model built to scale
can be very effective in identifying flow problems
and in some cases modelling by computational fluid
dynamics (CFD) methodology may have benefits.
Modelling is the process of replicating the hydraulic

Volume 2

Foul Sewerage

1st Edition June 2005 - Copyright Ashghal

performance of drainage, pumping and treatment

systems by constructing models of the intended
installations. These models need to be verified
before use to provide confidence that they
adequately represent the actual performance of the
system.
The verified model is then used to test system
performance under its proposed use. The model
must be capable of modification to test various
physical configurations and operating regimes for
the installation, to produce the optimum solution for
actual construction.
Traditionally, physical models were favoured,
especially for coastal/estuary/river systems and
complex pumping installations. In recent years
mathematical models have superseded physical
models. Mathematical models are exploiting
increased computer hardware and software
capability, and are more efficient than physical
models in time and effort.

Physical Models
Physical modelling consists of constructing a
reduced scale, geometrically similar model of a
proposed system, and operating the model to
simulate full-scale flow conditions. Model tests can
provide the designer with the assurance that the
proposed scheme operates satisfactorily, or allows
him to improve the flow conditions and achieve a
better design.
Changes in the model can be made by trial and
error, and are usually based on the experience and
intuitive understanding of the engineer conducting
the tests. The amount of modification which can be
undertaken on a physical model is limited, and
therefore the initial model should be as accurate as
possible.
Factors to be considered in deciding on the need for
physical models include:

The similarity of the proposed scheme to

existing satisfactory designs. As well as the
designers own experience, much information is
available from manufacturers published reports
and design guides. However, it should be
recognised that most large scale and/or
complex designs will be unique, and hence
modelling will be needed;

Page 53

State of Qatar -Public Works Authority

Drainage Affairs

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8 .:

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= 9

Motor load (KW)

Starting KVA (SKVA)

Total motor load connected

before the required motor start
in sequence
Total motor load connected
after motors have been
started in sequence

A+B

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6

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7
8
9

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efficiency
LRA*V*
1.732 /1000

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From Table 2.17.2

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.1

0.9
multiplier
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0.6

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40

50

60

70

80

8 ,* $

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Star/Delta
Auto transformer
80% , 65%, 50%
DOL
Solid state

90

= 9 4D

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674.9

70
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45
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90

160

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90

160

205

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56.3

78

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compensation for already start motor
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1.15

1.25

674.9

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3
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0.33
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1
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from Fig. 2.17.1

from Table 2.17.2

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State of Qatar -Public Works Authority

Drainage Affairs

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&

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State of Qatar -Public Works Authority

Drainage Affairs

! .4

%%
Short Span Co-efficient (
sx)

Long Span Co-

Values of Ly/Lx

efficient (
sy) for

Edge Condition
1.0

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.75

2.0

all values of Ly/Lx

1. Four edges continuous

0.024

0.028

0.032

0.035

0.037

0.040

0.044

0.048

0.024

2. 1 short edge discontinuous

0.028

0.032

0.036

0.038

0.041

0.043

0.047

0.050

0.028

3. 1 long edge discontinuous

0.028

0.035

0.041

0.046

0.050

0.054

0.061

0.066

0.028

0.034

0.038

0.040

0.043

0.045

0.047

0.050

0.053

0.034

0.034

0.046

0.056

0.065

0.072

0.078

0.091

0.100

0.034

0.035

0.041

0.046

0.051

0.055

0.058

0.065

0.070

0.035

0.043

0.049

0.053

0.057

0.061

0.064

0.069

0.074

0.043

0.043

0.054

0.064

0.072

0.078

0.084

0.096

0.105

0.043

0.056

0.066

0.074

0.081

0.087

0.093

0.103

0.111

0.056

4. 2 short edges
discontinuous
5. 2 long edges discontinuous
6. 2 adjacent edges
discontinuous
7. 3 edges discontinuous
(1 long edge continuous)
8. 3 edges discontinuous
(1 short edge continuous)
9. 4 edges discontinuous

!!.4

%%
Short Span Co-efficient (
vx)

Long Span Co-

Values of Ly/Lx

efficient (
vy) for

Edge Condition

all values of Ly/Lx

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.75

2.0

1. Four edges continuous

0.33

0.36

0.39

0.41

0.43

0.45

0.48

0.50

0.33

2. 1 short edge discontinuous

0.36

0.39

0.42

0.44

0.45

0.47

0.50

0.52

0.36

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0.36

0.40

0.44

0.47

0.49

0.51

0.55

0.59

0.36

0.40

0.43

0.45

0.47

0.48

0.49

0.52

0.54

0.26

0.26

0.30

0.33

0.36

0.38

0.40

0.44

0.47

0.40

0.40

0.44

0.47

0.50

0.52

0.54

0.57

0.60

0.40

0.45

0.48

0.51

0.53

0.55

0.57

0.60

0.63

0.29

0.29

0.33

0.36

0.38

0.40

0.42

0.45

0.48

0.45

0.33

0.36

0.39

0.41

0.43

0.45

0.48

0.50

0.33

4. 2 short edges
discontinuous
5. 2 long edges discontinuous
6. 2 adjacent edges
discontinuous
7. 3 edges discontinuous
(1 long edge continuous)
8. 3 edges discontinuous
(1 short edge continuous)
9. 4 edges discontinuous

5'

State of Qatar -Public Works Authority

Drainage Affairs

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Construction Material

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Gravel & Sandy Gravel

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Sand Loose

tons/ft
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Bearing Pressure
kN/m
< 75
150-300
300-600

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- Very Stiff

75-150

- Firm

Clay Soft

Type of Ground

State of Qatar -Public Works Authority

Drainage Affairs

7.6

6.5

5.3

2.4

MN/m
1.7

10000

4000

3000

2000

2000

1140

950

760

350

Lb/in
250

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Max. Bearing Pressure under Eccentric Load

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100

40

30

20

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6

Bearing Pressure

600-1000

600

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600

Max. Bearing Pressure under uniform loading

Igneous Rock - Sound

Sandstone, Limestone
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Schist, Slate

Sandstone Soft

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Shale & Mudstone

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Limestone Soft

Chalk - Hard Sound

Type of Ground

State of Qatar -Public Works Authority

Drainage Affairs

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State of Qatar -Public Works Authority

Drainage Affairs

b1 =

b
L

f1 =

f
h

k1 =

I 2h
I1s

k2 =

k3 = f 1 + 3 f1 + k1 + 3

H A = H E =

wL2 (1 + 0.65 f1 )
4hk3

VA = VE = 0.5wL

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VA =

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8hk 3

wb 2
2L

Pb(6 6b1 + 4 f1b1 3 f1 )

4k3

Pb
L

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VA =

MB = MD = -HAh

MB = MD = -HAh

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6k 3

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2

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2 k3

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MB = -HAh

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2L
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HE = HA - wf

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State of Qatar -Public Works Authority

Drainage Affairs

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h

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L

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I AB L

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k2=6K+1

k3=2K+3

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k1=K+2
k4=3K+1

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RA = RD =

F
2

M B = M C = H Ah =

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4k3

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F
2

M A = M D = 0 M B = M C = H Ah =

HA =
F

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2

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Fh
L

MA = MD = 0

M B = MC =

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State of Qatar -Public Works Authority

Drainage Affairs

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