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Aclan, RN
MN- 1
STAGES OF LABOR
FIRST STAGE
1. LATENT PHASE ( Preparatory Phase)
- Begins at the onset of regularly perceived uterine contractions and ends when rapid
cervical dilatation begins.
- Contractions during this phase are mild and short, lasting 20 to 40 seconds.
- Cervical effacement occurs, and the cervix dilatates from 0 to 3cm.
- The phase lasts approximately 6 hours in a nullipara and 4.5 hours in a multipara.
- Cephalopelvic Disproportion a disproportion between the fetal head and pelvis.
Another reason for prolonged latent phase.
2. ACTIVE PHASE
- During this phase of labor, cervical dilatation occurs more rapidly increasing from 47cm.
- Contractions grow stronger, lasting 40-60seconds and occur approximately every 3
to 5 minutes.
- This phase last approximately 3 hours in nullipara and 2 hours for multipara.
- Show (increased vaginal secretions) and perhaps spontaneous rupture of
membranes may occur during this time.
3. TRANSITION PHASE
- Contractions reach their peak of intensity, occurring every 2 to 3 minutes with
duration of 60-90 seconds and causing maximum dilatation of 8-10cm.
- During this phase, a woman may experience intense discomfort, so strong that it is
accompanied by nausea and vomiting. Because of the intensity and intensity of the
contractions.
- May also experience a feeling of loss of control, anxiety, panic or irritability.
The peak of the transition phase can be identified by a slight slowing in the rate of
cervical dilatation when 9cm is reached (termed deceleration on a labor graph).
As woman reaches the end of this stage at 10cm of dilatation, a new sensation
occurs (i.e. an irresistible to push).
SECOND STAGE
-
THIRD STAGE
-
The placental stage, begin with the birth of the infant and ends with the delivery of
the placenta.
Types of Placenta
Schultze Placenta
-
Duncan Placenta
-
Looks raw, red and irregular with the ridges or cotyledons that separate blood
collection spaces showing.
2. PLACENTAL EXPULSION
- After separation, the placenta is delivered either by the natural bearing down effort
of the mother or by the gentle pressure on the contracted uterine fundus by the
physician or nurse-midwife (Credes Manuever).