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SFRA Training
Typical Results

SFRA Typical Results

This presentation gives typical results for
different transformer windings and
configurations.

SFRA Typical Results

Wye-wye transformer (delta-delta)
Delta-wye transformer (delta-star)
Measurement Sense (H1-H0 v H0-H1)
Variation due to LTC
Effect of LTC Reversing Switch
Variation due to DETC
Effect of Oil results with and without
Effects of Poor Grounding
Effect of Magnetization
Sister Units
Short Circuit Tests

Wye-wye : HVs
Note low frequency variations

Wye-wye: LVs
Less dB down than HV

Wye-wye HV Short Circuit

LV windings shorted

Another HV Wye
HV winding three phases one DETC positions

Another HV Wye
Detail three phases
Center phase
Two outer
phases

Another HV Wye
Detail three phases

Center phase

Two outer
phases

Delta-wye HVs
Typical response at low frequencies

Delta-Wye: LVs
Less dB down than HV

Delta-Wye HV Short Circuit

LV windings shorted together

Another Delta-Wye HV
Note low frequency shape low MVA

Autotransformer HV
HV Open Circuit

Autotransformer LV
LV (common) winding typical result

Autotransformer tertiary
Tertiary Open Circuit

Autotransformer HV
HV LV and Tertiary compared

Tertiary winding

LV (common) winding
HV (series) winding

Measurement Sense: H1-H0 v. H0-H1

Effect is smaller when the two bushings are
similar e.g. H1-H3 v H3-H1
H0-H1

H1-H0

Variation with LTC position

16 Lower through 8 Lower for one winding

Variation with LTC position

Low frequency detail

16 Lower

8 Lower

Variation with LTC position

Mid frequency detail

16 Lower
8 Lower

Variation with LTC position

High frequency tap position variation

Variation with Reversing Switch position

One winding neutral from raise & lower

Variation with DETC position

HV winding one phase three DETC positions

Variation with DETC position

Low frequency detail

Position A

Position E

Variation with DETC position

Low frequency detail

Position A

Position E

Variation with DETC position

High frequency detail

Variation with and without oil

LV winding

With oil

Without oil

Lower
resonant
frequencies

Higher
resonant
frequencies

Effect of Bad grounds

Original and Bad Red lead ground

Bad red lead

ground

Original

Effect of Bad grounds

Original and Bad Black lead ground

Original

Bad red lead

ground

Effect of Bad grounds

Original and Bad Red & Black lead grounds

Bad red and black

lead grounds

Original

Effect of Magnetization
Low frequency variation is severe but identifiable
Magnetization affects the
core response

Magnetization & Grounding variation

HV winding
High frequency variation
due to grounding

Magnetized center phase

Magnetization affects the

core response

Sister Units showing Magnetization

HV winding

Magnetization variation

Sister Units showing Magnetization

HV winding same unit, more magnetization

Magnetization variation

HV Wye winding: Open and Short

HV winding same unit, more magnetization

Short circuit wye winding

Open circuit wye winding

Very similar at high

frequencies

HV Delta winding: Open and Short

HV winding same unit, more magnetization

Short Circuit

Open Circuit

Similar at high
frequencies

Typical Results - Conclusions

Results vary between units depending on

size and type of unit
Results vary with magnetization &
grounding
Results vary with tap changer positions
Results vary with oil level
Know what to expect see next slide!!!

One Transformer: HV, LV, SC & IW

IW = Interwinding measurement
Short Circuit

LV Open Circuit

HV Open Circuit
H-X interwinding