PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES

Psychometric Tests - It discuss the psychometric properties in terms of

standardization, validity, and reliability and other properties.
Standardization its objectivity involves the uniformity of procedure in terms
of administration, scoring, and interpretation of scores.
Establishment of norms is part of the process of standardization. It is not
prescribed but are mere information regarding performance of a particular
reference group to which the examinees score can be compared.
A norm is the normal or average performance.
Raw score is meaningless until evaluated in terms of appropriate interpretive
standard data or statistical techniques.
Factor Analysis is considered as the most powerful method of construct
validity. It is a means for identifying clusters or factors with which the items
within any single cluster being highly related to one another, slightly or not
all related to items in the other clusters.
Trull and Phares showed strategies for determining the validity of an
inventory item titled I wish I could be Happier below.
Strategies
Content Validity
Empirical Criterion Keying
Factor Analysis

Construct Validity

Item is valid if
Authorities assert that the item is
representative of the syndrome of
depression.
This item discriminates between
depressed and non depressed groups.
The item has been shown through
factor analysis to be significantly
related to a homogenous and
independent cluster of items that
purport to measure depression.
The item measures the depression
construct as theoretically defined.

Reliability means accuracy, precision or constancy of a score obtained

through the test.
Common reliability methods:
Stability or Test- Retest Estimate of Reliability.
a test is administered to a sample of respondents and will be readministered to the sample of respondents at some later time.
Equivalence or Parallel Forms Method.
equivalent forms estimate of reliability is obtained by giving two forms
(with equal content, means, and variance) of a test to the group of the
individuals on the same day and correlating the results.
Equivalence and Stability.

Giving one form of the test and after a period of time, administering
the other forms and correlating the results could yield coefficient of
equivalence and stability.
Internal consistency. Split-half with Spearman-Brown Prophecy
Formula and Kuder-Richardson Formula are used.
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Split-half technique is done through splitting the test in two, the odd
numbered items as one, and the even number item as the other.

To obtain the reliability of the entire test, a correction formula is used

via Spearman-Brown Prophecy Formula.
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Kuder-Richardson Formula.
Is used to establish the inter item consistency in a single
administration of a test. This technique is based on the examination of
performance on each item.