Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
OF THE LIVES
OF THE MORE*
EMINENT FATHERS
OF THE
IN
BY THE
Rev.
ROBERT COX,
PERPETUAL CURATE OF
" Antiquum
'*
He
ST.
exquiritc
matron?
is
A.M.
LEONARD'S, BRIDGNORTH.
To
>
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR;
>OLD BY J.HATCHARD, PICCADILLY; SEELEY, 160, FLEET-STREET;
AND DEIGHTON, CAMBRIDGE.
1817.
13"Ri765
v
^b
/. t jf
T. Clarfa, Printers, 38 t
St.
To
the
Henry
Lord Bishop of
GLOUCESTER,
IN
to the
And
IS
same period;
ASCRIBED BY HIMSELF.
ARE INSCRIBED
AS A
SMALL TOKEN
PREFACE.
XF
<(
to
dis-
Work may
at first sight
appear
to
Of some of
and even of
those,,
moments,
or domestic peculiarities.
After
we have
these objections,
given, however,
it
may
still
full
weight
to
be confidently asserted
whose
lives are
acquainted
with
The more
early
of our
VI
PREFACE.
lical
piety
and manifested
scarcely
inferior to
Even
predecessors.
a degree of zeal
that
of
and
their inspired
those of
flourished
still
during that
was continually developing; the character of nominal Christians, clearing the sacred inclosure of the
Of such
a minute
persons, whilst
we lament
every circumstance
detail,
Every incident of
their lives,
is
is
the loss
of
interesting.
a satisfactory
comment on
likeness,
which per-
its
children of the
The
same parent.
venerable
Polycarp,
the
philosophic Justin,
the
Cyprian,
markable uniformity
experience,
in
religious sentiments
and
PREFACE.
Vlt
ciples,
None
divinity, the
unhappy
divisions in the
Church
the Trinity,
human depra-
and
life,
deadness to the
tives
acknowledges the
satisfaction
with
His object
is,
to
a partial panegyrist.
He
deprecates no
less that
defects.
It is his desire
no
less specifically to
point
the one,
own
inability
to
and
still
do justice
to
such as are
PREFACE.
Vlll
humble publication
altogether uninteresting
may
censure
justly
acknowledge that
dency
to
and
tendency
promote the
prove
who
execution will
its
its
will not
good
is
interests of
our
candidly
ten-
common
Christianity.
With
cious
these pleasing
ratives
offering
to
the
to that
public
eye,
as
following nar-
a humble thank-
ability to provide a
more
falla-
suitable
when
the
widow's mite.
CONTENTS.
Page.
SIMEON,
CHAPTER
His
I.
CHAP.
An
II.
Simeon
is
elected
1
Si-
to
suffers
CLEMENT,
CHAP.
I.
.....
The martyrdoms of
Peter
II.
tain.
CHAP.
Clement
is
the apostles
Paul and
18
at
Rome.
on the
CleCorinthians. His
the mines, His martyrdom
men fs
epistle
banishment
to
to
the
32
CONTENTS.
Page.
IGNATIUS,
CHAP.
I.
Educated by
the
bishop of Antioch.
Apostles. Appointed
-II
CHAP.
attention
is
ChrisUans.
demned to
.50
II.
his
to
suffer martyrdom.-
is
con-
Meets Poly-
Rome.-
CHAP.
Ignatius
III.
fect.
martyrdom
Becomes
disciple
John
St.
.84
"
CHAP.
Polycarp
II.
visited
is
epistle to the
Philippians
from Anicctus
by Ignatius.
Writes
an
from him.
letter
Polycarp
Receives a
III.
tt
John. Is ordained
Smyrna. An account of
the apostle
of
Bishop of
CHAP.
Rome.
travels to
,93
Differs
.
s,
CHAP.
Polycarp
to be
is
burnt alive.
The circumstances of
character
JUSTIN MARTYR,
I.
His
vels to
99
martyrdom; His
CHAP.
81
I.
58
POLYCARP,
CHAP,
is
to
106
120161.
Alexandria. Enquires
his
Tra-
His conver.
120
CONTENTS.
XI
Page.
CHAP.
IT.
Gentiles.
The
Retains his
love
CHAP.
Justin
III.
sies.
The
the
zcrites his
us! in
i:
to the Sibylline
manner of
the
rites his
Apology.
Oracles.
Relates
Christians conducting
CHAP.
128
the Christians.
Refers
of Christianity
a Jew.
The
the Christians
CHAP.
V.
philosopher.
Is
Jt'rites
summoned
his second
before
IRENjEUS, Bishop
I.
disciple
Account of
Apology.
the prefect.
CHAP.
146
His
i54
of Lyons, 162193.
Papias. Irenceus
ordained
The
The
CHAP.
II.
Account
of the Valentinians.
Irenceus writes his work against heresies
tians.
CHAP.
III.
Easter.
Irenceus*
pacific conduct
on the
173
s-
CONTENTS.
Xii
occasion.
tians.
Page.
Severus
the Chris-
persecutes
.....
Martyrdom
nceus
TERTULLIAN,
Presbyter of Carthage,
194230.
CHAP.
I.
to
for
CHAP.
....
the Christians
Peculiar situation
Christians. Tertullian
the martyrs.
primitive
against heretics.
His
and
zcorks
III.
The
increasing austerity
to
of the
Pagans
CHAP.
19&
II.
His
209
Tertullian''
tract
on the mi-
of
and
state
death
.'
223
ORIGEN,
CHAP.
I.
Seeks
Clement,
its
C HAP.
II.
O rigen
is
ObservaMartyr-
president.
.
.251
tyrs.
of interpreting
his allegorical
the Scriptures
$42
CONTENTS.
XJIl
Page
CHAP.
Origen
III.
is
school at Alexandria.
ties.
Abase
against
its
of philosophy, no argument
legitimate use.
Martyrdoms of
CHAP.
IV.
from
persecution.
252
Origen's
popularity.
....
of Origen
Origen composes
tions
CHAP.
V.
popularity.
his
Peculiar
Hexapla.
no-
His
259
in Christianity.
Expounds
the Scriptures
Ccesarea.
to
inti-
is
bishops,
CHAP
VI.
his
of
and compelled
Alexandria
to
....
re-
VII.
gen
suffers severely
tion.
I.
Ori He
Celsus.
CYPRIAN,
282
Church
the
CHAP.
269
travels to Palestine.
claims Beryllus
CHAP.
to leave
Writes
Exhortation
Martyrdom. Account
Gregory Thaumaturgus. Origen
Origen
28SJ
298SSO.
Bishop of Carthage,
His
His own
conversion to
Christianity.
His
ac-
tracts
on the
/"
298
XIV
CONTENTS,
Page,
CHAP.
Cyprian
II.
is
of Carthage.
He leaves
Pontius 's character of him.
Carthage during the Decian persecution.
to
CHAP.
's
letters to
314.
the
the hastiness
the
CHAP
IV.
his
letters
Cyprian returns
the
to
him
to Carthage.
3S9
-Finds
His
judi-
cious
CHAP.
to
His
tract
V.
336
Rome
of Gallus.
tion
He
writes on a similar
....
Demeirian
CHAP.
VI.
His Tract
to
318
Cyprian's conduct on
His
Treatise on Mortality.
He makes a
tJw occasion.
col-
.....
captives
CHAP.
VII.
He
is
Cyprian attends
different councils.
banished to Curubis.-
Carthage.
His
355
letter to
He returns
to
and characUr
364;
XV
CONTENTS.
Page.
DIONYSIUS,
CHAP.
I.
afterwards bishop.
secution,
retires
He
persecution.
His
and
He is
The persecution of
II.
Valerian.
prisoner.
flicted
by
is
Diony
3S1
is
the
af-
civil tear,
si us* s
He
Galerius protects
Alexandria
Christians.
successively
taken
The
cution
CHAP.
His
death
39\
LIVES
OF THE
PRIMITIVE FATHERS.
SIMEON.
CHAPTER
Simeon's relationship
seventy disciples.
to
I.
probably
our Lord
one of the
Simeon
is
elected
bishop of Jerusalem,
DIFFERENT
sentiments
are
entertained
re-
memoir
parents,
to our blessed
his relation,
Saviour.
by both
His father,
SIMEON.
Great, however, as
may be esteemed
the honour
Lord Jesus
similar spirit,
Christ,
it
was an
he was a partaker of a
and interested
in
equally a partaker.
in
rity
lest
benefit,
He
answered, with
and keep
Yea
word of God,
it."
was
city.
He was
born about
but
we
life
The
biographer; for
vestige
dence,
we
of the employments,
is
during the
he was of the
first
life.
own
of a
among
the
SIMEON.
According- to Hegesippus,
became His
He
en-
is
Him through
the
different
to
go before
and
parts of Judea,
They
trine.
in
to
We
to
charge, but
this
were
may
in
gelists, in
evan-
Amongst
we may
first
this
company
the venerable
of his
But of the
life.
we have no
book written,
in
There
record.
which
all
shine as the
however, a
is,
and a day
that be wise
shall
and
many
and ever."
B 2
-f
Lufce x,
1.
SIMEON.
At length
at Jerusalem
there, or
year 62,
in the
was
in that city
merely on a
truly affecting,
The
malignity of the
as a bishop in that
Jews against
the Christians
this period,
who
the apostles
the order of
not
is
situation.
suffered martyrdom,
Herod Agrippa,
cumstance attending
his
was
first
slain
of
by
to
Eusebius.
visit,
to witness a scene
most important
with Simeon
He
ascertained.
we meet
remarkable
martyrdom
is
cir-
recorded by
the tribunal,
he submitted
to his fate,
in times of perse-
more worthy of
power of Satan
to
God.
In a moment, from
granted
this
James readily
embraced him as a brother,
forgiveness.
request,
together.
SIMEON.
him by appealing
to
to Caesar.
Irritated by
who
is
their ven-
wreak
The
Just, bishop of
James the
Zebedee.
In this
Roman
therefore plead no
The
privilege.
interval
his
their
old
successor,
who
priest,
until
Albinus
He
But
it
was
apostle.
ence,
where
failed to
generate affection
were constrained
to
his
and
religious prin-
life.
apostle to
to cele-
SIMEON,
brate the passover, his sentiments respecting Christianity; hoping that they should prevail upon him,
some
tinder
principles.
then desired
plausible pretence,
to
renounce
his
own
ce
words,
am
He
He was
then
He
vour of the
apostle.,
and,
we may
force of
truth suddenly
sanna
the
to
rulers,
Son of David."
were without
success, suddenly
changed
their
mode
down from
the
place
where he
fall,
stood.
Though
he had strength
signifies
to
So they
talk of the gate of repentance, the gate of prayers, and the gate
of tears."
SIMEON.
{C
God and
they do."
In the
preparing to stone
mean
for they
know
not what
Jews
him, a Rechabite, whom Hegetime the infatuated
cried out,
man
is
mean?
This just
At length a person,
his
martyrdom.
This apostle
is
On
account of
his singular
JUST
his
of
title
THE
and
his
murderers
who were
far
to
to the Chris-
name.
tian
Upon
apostles,
most eminent
disciples
all parts,
to consult
that,
if possible,
It
was
a relative
and
at length they
to confer the
unanimously determined
He was
SIMEON*
CHAPTER
An
II.
tians flee to
Pella.
Simeon
martyrdom.-The
suffers
We
have
little
which Simeon
sacred
fulfilled
We
office.
a particular account of
marks
endless
all
their iniquities,"
re-
their
:
never was a
city
which suffered
to destroy these
wicked wretches,
by
with
fire
produced a
who
far
it
SIMEON.
by
is
who
this historian,
very partiwas,,
dur-
all
The
attendant horrors.
its
destruction of
Jerusalem at once so remarkably displays the veracity of our Lord's predictions respecting
sin,
it,
and His
the
distin-
it
may
may
The
tyranny of the
Roman
cially the
position of the
Jews
to the
without piety,
still
Goaded by
liarity.
in
insults
and
severities, of
which
people at
last
commencement
Jews were
shortly
cruelly
after,
In the
legions.
and
At
slain in
Alexandria,
mean time
Roman
universal,
violence.
their ruin.
a sedition arising in
came
to accelerate
full
of blood
Romans.
marched
to
Gadara, took
it
first
10
SIMEON.
assault,
From
it
thence he advanced
and
to
art,
This place
for security.
after
also,
fled
an obstinate
fa-
mous
prisoner.
Vespasian
now pursued
conquests
victory every
At length he determined
attending him.
Jerusalem
his
where
to attack
and afterwards by
his
and
being actually
the
now appointed
to carry
on
into factions
by
their
all
public
At length Titus
enemy.
much
difficulty battered
ap-
down
city
northern
quarter.
possession
of the
was
don
if
obstinately rejecting
all
conditions,
still
Titus broke
to
attack
11
SIMEON.
attack,
commenced the
Before, however, he
the third.
effectually to
or receiving
Thus began
be
to
any
from their
relief
fulfilled that
in the
friends.
subsequent overaccomplished
fully
near,
He
beheld the
known,
even thou, at least in this thy day the things which
belong unto thy peace but now they are hid from
and wept over
city
it,
For
thine eyes.
the day
shall
come upon
thee,
and
side,
in
on
shall not
because
And now
to
is
this
devoted people.
a senseless opposition to a
for
them
Prince
to
whom
overcome,
delity
by a
prophecies
their persecu-
false
and
confidence in
their
too great
when
contempt
their infi-
mis- interpreted
of
that
Theiv
punished by
human power
is
Bread
terrible
12
SIMEON.
common
famine of that
every temporal
as
who
blessing,
must be
all
at
last
render
it
refuse
to
feed
of sepulture.
Some, who
Titus, related
as to
compel the
skins,
and hay.
six
common
soldiers
fled
from the
was
to eat
rites
city
to
so excessive
shoes,
girdles,
hundred crowns.
Wives took
hunger.
from their
thers
infants'.
their parents',
Nay, a
certain
molady.,
own
child, that,
ec
eat
it
enemy
distressed them."*
Titus was
this
filled
enormity.
that he
He
called
upon God
to
witness
calamities, since
and
this
abominable crime
and not
suffer the
in
sun
upon a
city,
where
13
SIMEON.
to
own
children,
and where
fathers
by refusing to
that extremity
surrender.
Being*
now convinced
gave
Titus
generation,
effect
made ready
things should be
upon
this obsti-
directions that
for a storm
all
and at
The
burning
that
all
Titus, however,
the temple
still
resolved, if possible,
own
of his
Roman
soldier,
accord,
in
blaze
and the
fire,
He
men
called,
effort to
entreated,
but without
effect.
and
So
upon destroying
we meet
within their
all
with few,
if
history of
the
human
in
the
people, in one
way or another, no
less
14
SIMEON.
hundred and
million three
thirty-
Amongst
the
may
suggest,
it
is
and
rate wickedness,
to
life,
them.
be
ish
people
result,
own murderers.
Thus
rise
judicial,
Jew-
died the
again
they
till
own
Him
till
their
to death
to
his
only son."*
experienced
tians,
the Chris-
wonderfully preserved.
The
account
of
their
We may
now, therefore,
briefly notice
it.
have ensured
his
as,
city,
and
* Zech.
xii.
10.
But
at this
15
SIMEON.
cause on
Christians
his
assign-
part,
The
when they should see it encompassed with armies, and to flee when they should
leave Jerusalem
the
holy
and
universally retreated to
place,
common
was a
retreat
about
Jordan,
one
Pella
hundred
so that
desolation.
none
The
town beyond
little
miles
from
Jeru-
salem,
Gentiles.
How
sanctuary, and
is
reign of Trajan.
It is
coming
tion,
for
upon
that emperor's
its
destruc-
little
the im-
At length,
reign, he
in the
middle of Trajan's
quence of
this accusation
proconsul to be
scourged.,
first
In conse-
and afterwards
to
be
crucified.
The
16
SIMEON.
endured
venerable bishop
his
severe
sufferings
with such composure of mind and invincible patience as astonished the proconsul
But neither
present.
them
could induce
sentence, for he
to
to
still
and
all
that
were
his
reprieve
or
mitigate his
offensive of
all
Simeon
martyrdom
suffered
in the tenth
year of
year of his
own
hundred and
not a
is
little
in
of
whom we
advanced age.
old,
said,
was a
Ignatius eighty,
also
far
Doubtless
deaths.
we may
fatal
Still,
means,
we may
religion,
by inculcating on
its
17
SIMEON.
"
writer,
"
that there
is
much more of
sickness and
than
is
fallen
essentially
state
of
human
Many, through
nature.
members
others,
make
things,
hearts,
perhaps
in
the best of
favourable circumstances,
less
life
by being temperate
GoA
actions of
life.
Such persons,
to
to
disease,
every good
man may
their
guide
all
especially if
may be long
gradually
in all
rule
the
born
healthy and
and imperceptibly
while
privilege, for
down
which
down
his
18
clement;
BISHOP OF ROME-
CHAPTER
I.
His coiivcr*
ear ly part of Clement* s life uncertain.
Nero persecutes the Christians.
sion to Christianity.
The
The
commencement.
In the
New
its
than
we
but no sooner
is
the Sacred
Canon
closed
We find
we have no
its
satisfactory information.
convinced that
many
diffusion
We
see
but of the
enough
to
be
and
and were
little
but
we
19
CLEMENT.
look
in
ceedings.
more
Little
is
known
subject
that he
of
the
was
for
to
with certainty
is
extant.
still
Caesars
confounding him with Flavius Clemens, the cona near relation of the emperor Domitian,
sul,
who
Pagan
The
gods.
as a Christian bishop,
royal princes,
less
whether
his ancestors
valued by those
humble
so a
we may
great
and
of
properly to
As princely descent
origin
God
were
infinitely
it is
is
If
better to be
more honourable
good than
be born
to
nobleman or a monarch.
Clement
is
Rome, though
tained.
His father's
is
not ascer-
Seve-
are given by
But the
c2
20
CLEMENT.
When
he had
and endeavoured,
without success,
to
obtain
the philosophers.
He
recal
that the
souls
would be able
world
invisible
Whilst he was in
curiosity.
if
state,
this
to
to satisfy his
he heard
appeared on earth,
lately
him
interested
The
intelligence deeply
Rome, he applied to him for informaand learnt from that " son of consolation"
that time in
tion,
the
first
He afterwards
by whom he was far-
elements of Christianity.
was joined
God and
;
by the
at length
by the great
apostles, Peter
fre-
journeys
among
the heathen.
Clement
book of
life."
concerning him
solatory
is
How
!
honourable
And
at the
name
is
this
as his felis
in the
testimony
it is
21
CLEMENT.
bumble follower of
despised,
to
at
Pagan
blood of his
whom
the
to
spread
Church
the
stands
in
was about
Church of God.
devastation in the
Foremost
subjects,
the
cruel
will
Nero,
whose
conduct to the
menced
his
He com-
It
religion,
his
mere amuse-
to be set
on
fire,
it
with
was destroyed.
all
its
The
conflagration of a
is
How
perverted
who
is
at the spectacle,
to
have
22
CLEMENT.
amused
amidst the
himself,
surrounding flames,
vice,
in
public
an
avert
to
of this
he found
to
be
calamity.
At length,
in vain.
attempts
But these
order,
in
if
from
proper channel,
its
Christians,
in directing against
vengeance of the
state
them
all
putting them to
the
death
torments.
historian gives
to the
followers of Christ.
'*
sacrifices
he offered
nor the
from
him the infamy of being the author of the conflaHence, to suppress the rumour, he
gration.
charged the crime, and inflicted the most exquisite tortures,
on a people detestable
edness,
of Christians.
was put
to death
the procurator.
stition
who
its
in the reign
the name
name and
of Tiberius
CLEMENT.
afresh
source of the
evil,
metropolis, the
common sewer
and
filthy
but introduced
flagitious
who
individuals,
were
23
at first
These were
all
fire
hatred of mankind.*
dogs
Some were
and others,
were lighted
This spectacle,
It
inclos-
Some
ed
our
itself into
was
circus,
Nero
himself
may be
explained as follows
all their
in calling
True
Christians, though
God.
to those neighbours in
All,
what
who
flee
are
from
and thus th
to which
day."
And
24
CLEMENT.
charioteer,
Hence a
in the race.
deserving the
most exemplar}
cause
excited
punishment, beso
much
to the
Who
can read
this
affected with
If an author, so cele-
whom
he
We have indeed
them.
Romans,
Under
able,
these circumstances
some
that
it
is
not a
little
orgies.
remarkthat the
surely
it
can
never be
conceived
Rome
that
where
and
else.
suffer
It is
them
the
in the
to
Nero promulgated
and
if this
edicts
be allowed, not a
How
throughout
all
the provinces.
Clement escaped
this
dreadful persecution
25
CLExMENT.
we
when
time
provided
so
If he
commenced,
it
for his
in
Rome
at the
probable that he
is
by immediate
safety
secreted
carefully
it
was
himself in
the
flight,
city,
as
or
to
for in
first
objects of the
popular fury.
it
lical friends,
nourable martyrdom.
The
having given a
full
During
first
imprisonment
Rome.
his
in
whose
cruelties
to declare before
we have just
related, the
The
delivered without
to
effect to
message, though
Through
the
visit
lion/'
<c
*
Nero,
household.*
mouth of the
his
At lengthy after
who were
conyerted by
St.
Paul.
26
CLExMENT.
Romeagain
ness to be offered
up
he was again
thirty years,
and
shortly after
was be-
to refer to the
end
of his usefulness.
called
nature of
and he
it,
and
to a forgiving
and
beaming from
eyes, he
persecuting
for
Lord
and began,
followers
the
fC
of
his
crucified
which he
it.
exertions.
When we
to his
own mi-
by others
in
to
whom
not
what reason
is
there to praise
an instrument for
God
for raising
up
27
CLEMENT.
Doubtless he
is
the organs
where he
is
as dross
tance
those unut-
else
to
which he counted
for
of a seraph,
nowhere
terable things
again taken
where he
among
all
is
and where he
had
a ravished
is
God and
Saviour,
Much
less
is
mentioned
in
Scriptures of
the
Christian martyrs.
He
in
but enough
army of
the noble
to the
Bithynia,
It
probable,
is
two
last
years of his
wrote from
thence his
life
at
Rome, and
that he
Papias, indeed,
that
first
Epistle from
in
Accord-
compliance
28
CLEMENT.
with the earnest entreaties of his Christian brethren, to leave the city during Nero's bloody per-
secution
appeared
to be
to
The
crucified again."'
He meant He was
ing that
am coming
hither
apostle understand-
friends,
after
crucified.
St.
with the
him
off
this
account,
dulity
tabernacle/'
the
and
affords
ce
in
he must
connection
delivered
to
whereby he
should
air of probability
to this
death
God,* gives an
Peter makes
that
respecting
glorify
to his
apprehended and
some ground
for
the
cre-
kind.
The
St.
among
ing blessing
the
Jews.
Indeed,
consi-
dering the judicial blindness of that people, continued even to this very day, the effects of the
apostle's
may
We
time that
was comprised
t(
to
in the converts
of that generation.
* John
be saved,"
i.
14.
29
CLEMENT.
The
whom
of this
epistles
interest
will
spiritual
apostle,
to
and
animating'
warm
him.
fort him.
In
Is
reader.
he cold
Is
they
short,
and important
solid
comfort
Clement informs us
instruction.
martyrdom a short
words
i(
Remember
His
same
Paul, as
we have
on account of
his
mentioned,
this
compara-
being a
Roman
citizen.
his
he might die
that
her were,
wards
to
the Lord."
last
in
this
manner
as his
blessed Lord.
The
Clement
to
apostles,
will
subject of this
diate
that
many
spirit
in the
memoir.
Church
at Corinth,
seduced by a
ce
Not
to insist
upon
30
CLEMENT.
ancient examples,
of our
own
pillars
of the Church,
to the
come down
us
let
to the worthies
who were
persecuted even
Let us
set before
Through
the unjust
trials,
hemisphere.
in
western
boundary of the west, * and exhibited a most eminent example of patience under suffering, he was
By
this
gathered together,
who
them
with
(Wea/.
same
the
By
is
exemplary
this expression
intended,
pa-
some writers
opinion that the apostle Paul preached the Gospel in our native
land.
CLEMENT.
On
tience.
experienced
tions,
like
31
unjust persecu-
Christian course
ness of their
ward."
sex,
32
CLEMENT.
CHAPTER
Clement
is
Christians
Rome*
at
Domitian's
ments
epistle to
the mines.
The
dreadful
were exposed
persecution. Re-
the Philippians.-
His martyrdom*
II.
persecution
His
of
Cle-
banishment to
Nero continued
and out-
rage.
demned him
of the
to
human
applied to
ill
and con-
To
race.
much
reluctance, put a
with
all his
tence of that
the cause
of His
own
even a Nero to
final
said
is
will
avenge
elect.
nor
He
it
for us to adjudge
condemnation.
to the
despised Christians.
33
CLEMENT.
sufferings
till
fire
it
is
his
twelve years,
Linus, having
now
apparently removed
had not a
little
contributed.
And
as Clement's
office,
34
CLEMENT.
guage of
Irenaeus,
<(
man who/'
sounding in
his ears,
apostles,
their preaching
and their
traditions be-
give us
respecting the
manner
his bishopric
though we may
the testimony of
many
in
little
information
from
rest assured,
his
in
own
writ-
and
and
profitable
his
Inte-
in
his cha-
to
it
where
it
But, alas
already existed.
whilst
the
names deserved
to
be forgotten,
merely to be abhorred,
of
<c
men
of
whom
little is
whose
or remembered
known of
the lives
blessing,
were the
ing Clement
is,
All that
is
related respect-
all
* A. D. 91,
and
that
CLEMENT.
35
who had
oppress them.
seem
to
hatred
His motives
have had
in
the
first
instance
Persons of
this descrip-
that they
who would
and
for an oppor-
Invi-
and put
to death,
and
effectual
means
to
be
Domitian
at
who was
were
Judas
commanded them
to
and the
acknowledged
to the
made
it
appear
hesita-
but, at the
same
d2
36
CLEMENT.
life
low
to
awaken
Moreover
bis fears.
their general
their re-
not
commence
until
end of
the
here
things
all
below.
cc
is
from
was
ambition
Domitian was
contempt.
in
it
somenever
satisfied
dis-
Herod.
had
Saviour
formerly been
God
dismissed by
provided for
and
kingdom."
The
principal persons
who
The husband
and the wife
is
to
of Pandataria.
wife,
his
stated to have
Flavia Domitilla.
been put
to death,
It
was
of them nearly
also
during
this
when
He was
37
CLEMENT.
who
succeeded by Nerva,
were
His
concessions.
epistle
to
bv any unworthy
the Corinthians,
to
to
refer,
is
Nerva
By
to the throne.
who
those,
work
<f
interest.
easily relished
(C
It has," as
a systematic modern
primitive
learn-
will
simplicity
human
indeed,
it
by
also
The
compositions.
less
excel-
the primitive
means
for
The
were eminently
most of
Christians,
improvement
it,
situation also of
in
make
it
more surprising
that
their
works are so
If they
38
CLEMENT.
answer
in
which was
when
as
many
to
much
at that time
same
in the
It
state,
contained
various religious
contentions, and
danger of
in
having a sound and exemplary presbytery, superseded by a self-conceited and turbulent set of heretical teachers.
Clement commences
self
manner not
his epistle in a
by addressing him-
to himself
no
dignity, but
Rome
Church of Corinth.*
to the
* The following
supremacy assumed
excellent
remarks, in
by the
in later ages
Referring to
reference to
pontiffs of the
the
Romish
who
is
acquainted with
St.
Clement's epistle:
"
course, be highest
supposition
when
how unaccountable
the Church of
We
Rome.
is
first
instance
upon
of
its
brethren.
It might,
Rome
1
therefore, have
39
CLEMENT.
the
unhappy
divisions
them, he remarks,
cc
The
apostles preached to us
by Christ.
apostles
in order,
Having, therefore,
Word
Spirit,
dom
of
God was
at
through different
pointed the
hand.
countries
first-fruits
own
asserting his
other Churches
his
mandates
who
Spirit,
if it
body of the
position of a
and
to be bishops
and ap-
all
travelled
cities,
Thus they
and
Roman
faithful
first
known
yet 9
inter-
Church
merges even
his
own name
in that of his
own people
it
is
above
all,
rage,*
no zeal calling
for judgments,
But
holy
no asperity of reproach
Roman Church."
Christian Observer,
CLEM EST,
40
" The
apostles themselves
Lord Jesus
that
Christ,
On
this
account, there-
as
we have
before mentioned
tions that
it
We
cannot,
apostles or holy
ministered to
the
and
peaceable,
it
who have
in a
humble,
disinterested
series of years
For surely
flock of Christ
is
Happy
who have
they have
al-
fruit-
now no
"*
ci
St.
whose blameless
It
is
impossible,"
lives
But, alas
we
to
Clement,
in this place,
it
fur-
which
The
exist in
apostles
and
their successors, to
whom
deacons." Vol.
I.
the
name of
to our bishops
sitKrytoitoi
;
the el-
41
CLEMENT.
Ye
their profession.
to sal-
vation.
and
by
such
against them.
Let
as
righteous,
for
elect.
"
all
all,
?
ruot all
Is
Have you
Why
then do
we
own body?
Your
many.
It has
continues
caused grief to us
all
and, alas
it
still."
As the nature of
expected.
Still,
no very
is
to
be
He
thus, for
his sentiments
respecting
" Let us
account of
its
is
in the sight
of
God
how
for
on
grace of repentance
is
provided for
all
mankind/
42
CLEMENT.
we have
Jesus Christ,
pomp
have done
You
but in humility.
so,
He
the example
see, brethren,
Lord thus
If the
afforded us.
humbled Himself, how should we too demean ourselves, who are brought by Him under the yoke of
His grace.
In the annexed quotation, wherein he
speak-
is
and
through
faith,
common
objection of
at the
its
themselves,
own works,
not
will.
And
will,
justified, not by
own wisdom,
ing, or godliness, or
wrought
in
holiness of heart,
or understand-
but by faith
all,
who
Amen.
Shall
hence
all
for the
we
God
follow, that
ing obedience
with
we
by
are, or
to
whom
But what
?
Does
it
let
us rather hasten
Lord Himself
Having
43
CLEMENT.
such an example,
let
our
all
might."
God
righteousness
surance
truth in
sobriety in holiness
in this life,
my
beloved, are
Life in immortality
we know by
in-
the gifts of
in
whilst at the
liberty
!
And
experience.
splendour
faith
as-
in
What,
there-
and excellency.
Let
us, therefore,
who
number
we may
And how, beloved, shall
rewards ?
By establishing our
we
attain
these
His will
Thus, beloved,
shall
we
and earnestness.
even
of day and
seeds,
it
he
by the
44
CLEMENT.
have been
to
in
it
very expressions.
be supposed
some of the
many
parts there
to
we cannot
sentiments of the
also used
Certainly in
an evident resemblance
is
many
Hebrews, and
Epistle to the
epistle, or
only to
it
For
this
transmission of the
authenticity
in
support of
was
as follows
its
agree-
in
certain bird
living at a time,
entered
itself
imme-
death.
is
The
five
priests
where
it
its
parent, to a
CLEMENT.
45
is
grounded
at
its
acceptance.
The
accompa-
is
the
Hebrews.
Hebrews
own
in their
evangelist
translated
this
very Clement,
it
to
the most
is
Hebrews."
But
and that
opinion seems
this
to
to the
on
rest
insufficient foundation,
Greek*
Hitherto
but
persecutions;
all
Greek
as
this
bishop adds,
opinion.
to
or
the
supposed
to
have
it
fellow-labourer,
or
It
been
it
small
those
work; and
or
satisfaction,"
carries with
it
no
the
the
by some
that almost
the sanction
Tomline's
Christianity.
the
hae always
translated
apostle."
as
Hebrew, we may
of this epistle
written
assistant,
that
no
is
that
originality
inspired
the original
this epistle in
reflect,
genuineness
authority
and
Elements of
46
CLEMENT.
him
now
at hand,
when
was
it
ec
given to
Him, but
suffer for
also to
His sake."
It
is
on
not
pending sufferings
Corinthians,
in
for
epistle
his
referring to
after
the
to
persecutions
the
his
lists,
people
as
appointed
and engage
to
the same
in
conflict.
The
following
is
father,
Simeon Metaphrastes.
inform the reader,
It
is,
that the
however, proper to
authenticity of the
Several indi-
ill
will
man
his
the
upon
faith,
resolute
refusal
to
arts
sacrifice
to
and,
the
This
mode of punishment,
not
uncommon
was deprived of
and
He
fettered,
CLEMENT.
and reduced
47
And
in
and
and
once contemptuous
at
cruel.
his right
iron,
On
same lamentable
ever,
fate.
whilst
his
labours,
the
How
saint,
love,
interesting
thus
it
is
behold
to
faith.
this
venerable
steadily
though now
far
advanced
in
is filled
mouth with
praises
his enemies.
Al-
years, an exile,
and
life
wounded
leading
all
and of
foes, to
Admirable
is
the
wisdom
that character-
48
CLEMENT,
in
in
la-
The
wonderful
bours of
this
effects
at length
reached
the
stop
Finding, how-
examples
to
he resolved,
if
possible,
to
strike
this
been employed
was
For
in vain to
heavy weight
affixed
to his body.
Thus was
and extensive
usefulness,
at length terminated
commencement
second century.
ii
And
And
in the
ocean bed,
Flames
in the
Through
ore,
his
oozy locks he
aloDg,
laves,
by
of the
CLEMENT.
And
meek
all
That
sing,
And
and singing
in their
glory move,
49
50
IGNATIUS
CHAPTER
Ignatius
is
I.
of Antioch.
His
attention
his flock,
to
His
cha-
racter.
Science, considered
in itself,
highly desirable
is
in literature,
when
consecrat-
greater usefulness.
persons in
cc
It
can exist
human
it
can
all
with
learning
little
acquainted
centuries,
who, from
make any
the Gospel in
its
native purity,
an
artless
men of God
They
could
tell,
5i
IGNATIUS.
to
Him
for
invite
poor
succour; and
name
Ignatius,
cele-
He was
now be
nativity or his
Sardinia.
in
There
is
whom
child,
when He
verted,
our
told
Lord
them
and became
set
that
as
<c
little
before
the disciples,
they should
It
is,
We
learn
tyrdom,
also,
mar-
eye-witnesses
of that
solemn
God
scene,
God, and
that
in his breast
his soul
he
a name
being
filled
i Matt,
his
xviii. 3,
e2
IGNATIUS.
John.
illustrious
oriental seat
the annals
in
of the
of history
the
as
their
The
called Christians. *
apostles Paul
and
in establishing Christi-
At length being
Euodius
both
they
tuations
;
continued
till
In these
si-
death
of
the
dom
history
relates
xi.
is
26.
ministry
recorded of him,
53
IGNATIUS.
we may
life
"
brilliancy
or
of talent,
than
his station,
of incident.
variety
The
of some eminent
lives
ied
This was
rant
may more
We
tug up the
hill
of
The
a man.
forcibly
journal of an itine-
strike
for
to
to
or intervals of rest:
one,
laborious,
perseverance
the
imagination,
From
the
furnished,
it
is
Although they were exceedingly numerous, he appears to have been acquainted with every individual,
anxiety of a parent.
He was
indeed in a remark-
is
selfish
live only
people.
countering
sympathy
to
he
interests of his
his fortitude
was
not
Although
in
deficient
(i
death,
enin
in
54
IGNATIUS.
"its
{i
to
could
for the
their
lest
any
we may be allowed
style of his
to
ment and
mentative
impressive,
;
than
doctrinal
and argu-
and discriminating.
by the generality of
They would be
considered
comprehending
his hearers as
reasoner as
They would be
desultory and
(e
unsatisfactory.
it
little
power
use where
God
under salutary
direction.
proofs
and
has given
restraints,
it,
and giving
The mathematician
demonstrations
instead of laying
it
a salutary
metaphysician
55
IGNATIUS.
the
while
the mass of
judge inquires
into the
which
under
circumstances
the
in
were
they
employed/'*
Zeal to preserve his people from the contagion
of false doctriae was another prominent trait in
the
character of Ignatius.
feeding
milk of the
against here-
flock
his
indeed,
conversion,
;"
for
whose
pray,
Anxious
to
edifying as
as
attention to
troduced
psalmody
into
Ignatius paid
possible,
his
and
church
for
this
adopted
in
all
the
purpose
Antioch
at
particular
to
in-
responsive
have been
Christian assemblies.
This
we may
readily
Two
of Christ
the
Church
by
that
man
and thus
The
Ebionites
both of them
56
IGNATIUS.
a man of
his constitutional
We
piety.
may
behold in imagination
vene-
this
one
at
now tuning
tence,,
his
harp
and now
to the
to the enlivening
song of rejoicing
faith.
joining in singing
hymns
is
well
worthy of
recol-
emperor Trajan,
Christians, he re-
lection.
cir-
cumstance which not merely points out the conspicuous place which
singing occupied in
acknowledged
in the
their
affords an unequivo-
ages of Chris-
tianity.
The
little
attention
paid to
is
nerality of our
churches.
How much
is it
to
be
spirit
where-
5?
IGNATIUS.
as,
when
otherwise performed,
it
has invariably
mony.
We
defer a
more
his epistles,
carried as a prisoner
till
we
Rome, and
contain
an
his faith, as
But a short
who
ac-
may here
not improperly
his
doc-
floods of persecution.
and,
lastly,
to
58
IGNATIUS.
CHAPTER II.
Trajan persecutes the Christians.
him, and
condemned
is
to
suffer
Rome*
The
his-
was
for
many
His zeal
in
behalf of Paganism,
connection
in
with
his
and
his subjects,
cieties,
among
to
all
were Considered
thority,
nurseries
prohibited,
as illegal
of disorder and
sanction of
tfeis
being reputed
sedition.
edict Christian
Under the
assemblies were
were
bers of them
Great num-
ment, bishop
of
as
we have
;
of Jerusalem,
twenty yearls
crucified,
old,
In
so-
to
be
an hundred
and
59
IGNATIUS.
A modern
writer,
who appears
accurately to
The
tyrdom.
conversation
is
indeed imaginary
much
on
light
this
their insertion.
Ignatius.
Of
meek
life
?
Agathopus.
a vicious world,
Ignatius.
Though
Yet
still
our
human
Poor instruments
t'
that be true,
found
With
all
To form
When
fight his
war.
Of chosen
little fort
From
Then
60
IGNATIUS.
But now the
As
How
cross,
must conquer.
in
would
my
Philo.
Firm
in the faith.
Agathopus.
Ardent
martyrdom
for
man
Give me/
said he,
'
're call'd
As not
till
When
6
meet
to
at their
Poor hands
At meals
No
is
work,
this
world of
Fulfil
their years,
your
They seem
mark
'
He
cries,
His
spirit half
come
shackles.
to need
Shan't
we
die too
of the night
And when
he wakes, he finds
of no ornaments
And more
august each
little
threshold seems*
Jgnatius.
I
But
glad
I 've
my
May
Means not
so
much
!'
'
Children, intelligent
sight,
spirits.
Scripture read
earthly food.
Above
in the
61
IGNATIUS.
Trajanus
Most
is
Perhaps
will content
it
him
humane
to chastise
!*
way
to the
Parthian war.
conquest of the Scythians and Dacians, who, during the reign of Domitian, had insulted with impunity the majesty of Rome, the emperor entered
the city with
According
mediately
all
to his
the solemn
custom
to
of a triumph.
in other places,
he im-
pomp
his
own
deeming
and
celebrity,
also
probably
throw the
ancient
Pagan
establishments.
emperor's
own danger,
of
No
enquiry
into
his presence.
The
conduct of Ignatius on
this
occasion has
irritate
It is certain that
the believer in
which
errs
is
it.
The
zeal,
however,
worldly prudence, which contrives every mean de* Gambold's Tragedy of Ignatius,
62
IGNATIUS*
After
sure.
cross,,
by no means
all, it is
conduct of
this Christian
cated.
is
It
hero
may
not be vindi-
this
We
ours,
is
As soon
as Ignatius
was introduced
manner
the following
What
cc
:
same
He
firmly replied,
called so
for
all
t(
am
dissolve
all
said Trajan,
"
is
be
me wicked
call
confess the
through
their snares
King/ cc And
Theophorus ?" (C He who
5
who,"
to
departed from
For
charge.
you
if
to
spirits are
But
spirit
commands, and
wicked
because
an impious
And
<:
that
gods reside in us
enemies?"
"
also,
You
who
there
is
and
all
Heathens gods.
dom be my
portion
in
For
that
is
in
them
ec
and one
whose king-
63
IGNATIUS.
cc
claimed,
crucified under
((
natius,
has put
who
Pilate
crucified
ic
?**
my
say,
who was
all
who
carry
Him
in their heart."
ff
for
written,
it is
will
Irritated
tyr,
constancy by threats.
his
ble,
tence
cc
:
within himself
Him
that
that he be carried,
Rome,
was
crucified,
bound by
we command
soldiers,
to
Great
During the whole of the interview we may conceive Ignatius standing before the
firm
and manly
air
emperor with a
ference.
final
his
exclaimed,
cc
thank thee,
his
At length he joyfully
vouchsafed to honour
Thee
tle
Paul
and hast
to
be put in iron
fetters."
* Martyrdom of Ignatius.
Having
said
64
IGNATIU5.
this,,
we
mended
it
away, "
and com-
like
flock,
Thus was
from
his
own
to
trials.
fc
The
manifest
it
affords
doctrine
of
now
so
much
And if
we shall
glory.
these,
we be
ever
feel the
its full
need of
it
strongly,
and be
mere
human
room.
trial
proud philosophers
is
its
radically defective
and un-
sound, "f
It has
it
is
not a
little
re-
an example of
more
this
Martyrdom of
t History of the
make
so public
of Christians he had
in-
left at
Rome, and
Ignatius.
Church of
numerous body
Christ.
at the
same
65
IGNATIUS.
own conduct
What-
it
real
epistles.
to
from the
desist
all
the feelings of
his soul.
his
scope to
full
life,
his
hope, and
ten
soldiers,
and,
his
very place
sailed
and
the
for Cyprus.
after a tedious
at
boards
Smyrna, a
city of Ionia.
in port, Ignatius
was
been fellow-disciples of
St.
in
John.
Doubtless
this
So
far
66
IGNATIUS.
by the circumstances of
his friend.,
him
tivity,
administered
him
to
he was
that
cap-
in his present
He
encourage-
every possible
patient perseverance.
interview
be conceived by those
can adequately
the
alone, who.
ei
of real Christians.
dern writer,
child of
<c
There
a responsive
remarks a mo-
is/'
string in
every real
them
power of
in the breasts
of their brethren,
tact,
this
the love of
in
one
God
spirit.
in Christ
This
drops in con-
like
is
"
stranger intermeddleth not with/
tions
from
place
this
of
we
exhorta-
to these visitors,
he wrote
Ephesus,
Rome.
Here another
to
with the
satisfied
he personally gave
churches
are
Not
Magnesia,
seems
difficulty
account for
the
to
Tralles,
to occur.
circumstance,
the
and
How
that
free intercourse
with
67
IGNATIUS.
he passed
given
To
in different
this
a satisfactory
who
the Christians,
money
offered
custody,
in
He
answer.
supposes that
him the
through which
to those
allow
to
cities
his
liberty of
conversing
friends.
And from
the
his epistle to
his
Romans
this
con-
They
number
These
work of a man
love to
to the
minds of
solations of
for those,
a lively impression
genuine religion.
Happy
will
it
imitate his
be
to
God!
The
to the
cvjtuv
and
pctWov
heretics,
UsaQyjTsvQijsat.
is
Epistle to the
f2
Romans.
68
TGNATIUS.
attention
IC
Pray earnestly
there
in
for
for
is
brought
to
God,
being instructed, at
least,
Return your
phemies
to their error
and
lowly,
Be
when they
oppose your
stedfast-
ages.
all
of the
in all
body and
spirit/'
The same
epistle affords us
a pleasing
illustra-
He
alone appeared unconscious of those eminent attainments, which excited the admiration of the Christian
w orld.
T
ec
Far be
ff
venerable bishop,
I
name,
Now
my
am
for although 1
not yet
begin to be a
faith, in
in long suffering.
But
to
be
to exhort
silent
you
to the will of
for
His
admonition, in patience,
concerning you,
to
am bound
stand in
upheld by you in
me
you, as though
Truly
teachers.
it
to dictate to
have presumed
God."
Philemon referred
to
by
St, Paul,
He
also
recom-
69
IGNATIUS.
The
went too
far in
He
who
in
fC
it
was
ill
be feared
lest the
here-
have proved
to
then properly
fatal
to the
common
cause.
house
The
following passage.
of offence to unbelievers
it is
Where
is
boasting of those
is,
in the
indeed, a cause
man?
by Ignatius
life.
the disputer?
who
For
in the
womb
that
by
his
and
baptism he
is
Ecclesiastical History.
baptismal service:
didst save
70
IGNATIUS.
new
star
all
dissolved,
destroyed.
He
introduction of eternal
lition of
In
in
life.
death."
his epistle to
the
for
earthly
things
as
the
however,
his
desire
for
martyrdom
is
evi-
says he,
all,
tc
to the
me.
<s
to
them
I write/'
not to manifest an
Rather encourage
may become my
sepul-
Red
Thy holy
baptism;
in
way
of sin, &c."
71
IGNATIUS.
a band
are
yet
who
upon them.
disciple
of soldiers
a better
long to
whom
will
them
suffer
whom
may be eager
even provoke
to
me
treat
to
do their work
know what
begin to be a disciple
Let
of wild beasts,
let
nor
shall
and the
fire
Now
others,
crave your
may
obtain
torments of the
all
let
so that
world and
I
all its
would rather
kingdoms
will profit
Him
me
may
The
nothing.
of universal empire
the
the malicious
devil,
rage
let dis-
Jesus Christ.
some
as they have
is
pardon
me
to
me
seek
who
died for
glory.
When
man
of
ferings
him,
let
how
I feel,
am
my
and sympathize
The
draw me from my
straitened.
72
IGNATIUS.
assist
is,
in fact, to
God.
ec
which
to the things
I write
to do,
now
now
Living
address to you.
My
Love
me a fire that
needs to be quenched by water, but One that lives
and speaks within me, saying,
Come to the
crucified
is
there
not within
is
'
Father/
perisheth,
God the
is
of this
and
flesh
life.
of Jesus
I desire to
drink
incorruptible love V*
bly
which proba-
On
Troy.
their arrival,
pleasing intelligence
ceased* at Antioch
of
Ignatius
the
persecution
and here, as
the persecution.
which
it
but that
it
received the
at
having
Smyrna, the
" Trajan,"
says he,
" gave
a rescript, in
ill
disposed persons
still
found opportunities
73
IGNATIUS.
which
is
of pleasure
more
close
are
for the
was
also
bouring country
his guards,
same mercenary motives as at Smyrna, not depriving him of this privilege. He also availed himself
of this opportunity of writing to his beloved friend
Smyrna.
In
all
his
deserted
flock
at
them under
his loss,
and
to congratulate
Thus
in different places
tyrdom."
it
faithful
were exposed to
i*
IGNATIUS.
thus strongly
righteous
testifies
abhorrence of a
bis
spirit,
self-
his Christian
faith.
on which are
The
objects dear to
me
names of men.
to
in them, by which
I desire,
faith
which
be justified/'
ignorance of
vital godliness,
or,
in
other words,
many modern
were unknown in the
churches.
Such attempts
primitive
church of Antipch.
to the
prominency, and
at
their native
all
that
is,
way
in
which
it
ing intercession.
from Christianity
On
its
God
manner,
is
to seal
up or
whence
The
those
principles,
believer,
all
con-
75
IGNATIUS.
The
epistle
by
To
ministers.
tive
watch with a
to
spirit
ever atten-
speak to each
to
he earnestly enforces on
There
is,,
of the
are duties
which
his friend.
religion
running
through
all
his
epistles.
excellence
all
all
and practical
of
out
To
Jesus."
this
testimony
we may
Lord
writer,
they
also
And
they
shew
that
patience,
and
It must,
holiness, rested.
respecting the
authority
ecclesiastical officers,
of
bishops
and other
justified
76
IGNATIUS.
brought forward
Rome in the
authority.*
The best
church of
we
fore, whilst
of the
to
should ever be
it
creatures
fallible
and, there-
it is
After
all,
it
is
The
scribed as
f " If
I,
must
you
I felicitate
in being so joined to
him
how
as the church
is
things
him.
bishop as
" Be
we would upon
all
we ought
the Lord."
to look
church
upon the
affairs
God.
The deacons
It
is
in
not lawful
Whatever he
so that whatever
is
done,
may
is
God;
Epistle
to the Smyrneans.
" Reverence
Epistle to
17
IGNATIUS.
God
as the representatives of
occupying' an
" In the pre-
as
ministry.
bounds seem
science,
it is
deration
to
office
which no
in
among
chief topic
that the
Christians,
upon by the two apostolical fathers, Clement and Ignatius, is Church union and the great
insisted
is
to dissuade
men from
We do
pastors.
to act so as to do violence to
way; and
should
it
is
their
consciences;
God
the will of
that
concord,
no union and
acceptable
God's
in
sight."*
From Troas
with the
to
Philippi,
experienced
from
a place
again
town of Macedonia;
At
this
Christian
* Bampton Lectures.
epistolary
place they
friends
that
78
IGNATIUS,
attention
and courtesy
so congenial to Christianity,
like
an ascending
They
in their
Tuscan
sea, they
came
at length
in view of Puteoli.
As great
little
were performed,
visited in
which
circum-
He
re-
thence to
Rome
Three Taverns,
But
in the
His request,
after a
day and
ing as
much
to
The
his arrival,
79
IGNATIUS.
Some
of them,
saint.
it
his
preservation.
cided disapprobation of
it,
put no obstacles
to his
in his
to
way,
crown/'
however,
fear,,
will not
it
We
cc
Roman
the
by
all
honest means
to hinder others
Has
from attempting
Or
of the innocent?
to save
the
life
them
he
is
himself?
Ought
not every
man, however
less
to
God
If
life ?
cannot
Was
determination.
tyrdom excessive
if
all
tius's
it,
he was wrong,
a mistake of judgment.
it
was doubt-
fear the
example
of Ignatius did
extremes
so hard
is it
to
be kept from
all
80
IGNATlfe
<{
These
Jerusalem, though he
in part,
by
knew he
should be bound,
As
is
not
the rest, he
for
He
his friends at
Rome
it
himself.
He
blames
And
that
God and
in Ignatius the
same
On
the
zeal for
Christ.
IGNATIUS.
CHAPTER
Ignatius
is
III.
of
On
his
their arrival at
The circumstance
martyrdom.
Rome,
who, anxious
to
make
his
which occasion
it
festivals for
was customary
its
execution
to entertain
on
the
In
the
mean time
that resorted
to him,
acts of devotion.
On
in
tion he kneeled
like the first
earnestly beseeching
Him
to bless his
Church, to
He was
found that splendid building crowded with an innumerable multitude, anxious to feast their eyes on
his expiring tortures,
";
S%
IGNATIUS.
horror
chilling;
The
appeared unmoved
length in that
at the
I shall
now
By
for
At
tremendous scene.
my
beasts,
heavenly Master.
this
and
in
was ended.
" An admiration of Rome/' remarks a writer
a celebrated modern Review, "
heresies
it
which we bring
is
in
and
quired
authors
with
ancient
same
time.
their true
fa-
Romans, by repre-
colours,
as a selfish,
endowed with
savage
life,
its
ordinary
83
IGNATIUS.
excess
good
faith
moment longer
rest of the
A
these
than
it
world."*
w ere
T
all
Thus
by the Christians,
collected
carefully
in
martyrdom, and
his
commendable
decent and
eminent
But by degrees
corded.
this
pious
veneration
In the
mony
pomp and
cere-
and dedi-
to a temple,
Thus "
this valiant
power be
for ever
to the
all
our
glory and
Ignatius
suffered
death
in
the
tenth
year of
p.
396.
84
POLYCARP.
CHAPTER
I.
Becomes a
disciple
whom,
in
spects,
many
re-
Like him he
faith,
human
esteeming
litera-
his labour
in the East
but
the exact place of his nativity, and the circumstances of his parents, are
early period of his
sold as
Calisto.
to
life
he
is
unknown.
At a very
at
Smyrna, and
is
said
piety.
In such a family
it
may be conjectured
that
85
POLYCARP.
believe
that
bcndage of
sin
of the usual
little
we have ground
especially as
and Satan
for
liberty
By
poets,
A liberty
unsung
And
it
to
mankind,
same token."
her
this pious
in the
Of a youth
so piously disposed,
Fu
place.
and so favourably
intelligence.
On
happened
whilst he
was
still
mily
become a
stated dis-
his fa-
The
society of
unspeakable advantage
but more
carp,
who had
S6
POLYCARP
of obtaining-
subjects, but
also
unformed
and inspired
apostle.
of his
and
aged
life,
a juvenile Polycarp,
lips,
for
subsequent periods
saint at
regulation of their
ministerial conduct.
But,
and their
doctrines,
little
alas'.
known
can be
in these respects,
Wffl
it
be improper,
materials, to insert an
two
in
this
dearth of origi
ideal conversation
between
written
It is
men
have
and
The
conversation
is
supposed
to
to
Smyrna; but
their
meeting
happy
under
the
original,
POLYCARP.
u At
As
for
With
an old acquaintance
a smile
p-
a tear.
then correct
it
87
POLYCARP.
1
Wonder
Emotions
I
knew Him
And
every
that
still
my
little
heart
Jesus as a man.
passage of
Ilis life,
Not without
How many
shifts of
poverty, recur.
silly questions
Would
But
let
please
me
have
we
Cheerful, indeed,
you, sons,
tell
ask'd Him,
He was
He was
to us
within
Upon His
spirits.'
IGNATIUS.
a That was
Mourning was
Might be
Whose
guilt
He
bore, and
drank up
all
the curse.
POLYCARP.
"
rest ?
IGNATIUS.
* Low
May
How
I be
iscertained.
But
it
appears
Si.
John
is
no*
88
POLYCARF.
the
he discharged with
office
ing
youth,
his
apostle John,
Thus
yet alive
by the
and those of
this
who were
brethren
his
Smyrna
Lord
ters of our
all
mouth of an
apostle.
to
admire the
dence.
blessing to the
Church of
Christ,
by regulating,
tolical simplicity,
pious
and
situation,
it ?
ci
knew
I will lead
things
will
them." *
whilst
them
I will
in
make darkness
so important a
not
of the ministry.
do unto them,
straight.
and
not
light be-
These
forsake
in a state of servitude^
* Isaiah
xlii.
16.
an event
89
POLVCARP.
lamity, he
in the
ways of God,
and
at length
apostle,
made
"
of
out!" *
God
It is truly
in the
God
how
unsearchable
hand of
Such an exercise when entered upon with a Chrisand regulated by Christian prudence,
tian spirit,
will increase
and excite
The
less,
ing.
his gratitude
and admiration.
On
when he
paid his
and
at length
Nero's persecution.
it
this
but
emperor increased
of the storm,
this
one
to him, in
afflictive
* Rom.
xi.
33.
90
POLYCARP.
subsequent sufferings of
apostle John.
is
by Tertullian
said
his
Previous to
to
holy
man
oil,
any
but miracu-
This
injury.
made no impression on the proud emperor's heart,* who banished him into the solitary isle of Patmos.
But in
wonderful
this
however,
preservation,
guished honours
for
it
distin-
in the
Book
fa-
of the
Revelation.
On
the accession of
Nerva
to the throne,
been repealed
the chains of
have
many worthy
were struck
off,
per-
and
On
this
During one of
his
f Some persons have denied the reality of this miracle beno effect was produced by it on the mind of the ty-
cause
rant.
To
this it
pollutes the
may be
merely
pletely to indispose the sinner, in matters of morality and religion, to receive conviction
dence.
Besides,
disbelieve,
desires.
he
And
is
when
a person
is
evi-
as
he
evil spirits.,
91
P0LYCARP,
circumstance
where
it
is
happened was a
by some supposed
of this
city
near Ephesus
to
The
bishop.
went
bishops, he
originally
John's
St.
to
ministers,
the congregations.
is
inserted in
is
On
partly to ordain
following
was
isle
and
the place
and partly
Whilst
regulate
to
from
commended
him
the
to
re*-
Passing through the same place sometime afterwards, he demanded of the bishop his pledge
on
added, "
comprehending
committed
your custody,
to
is
By what
dead
tain."
ther's soul
"
He
dead."
" He
I
:
" Alas V*
require/'
is
John,
claimed, "
guide."
tears,
tain of a
and
God,"
to
his
meaning, he
in
the
vehemence
c<
and
infest this
The
me a
horse,
cap-
moun-
is
and
let
my
bro-
me have
a
;
The young
to
your captain."
but at
92
POLYCARP.
cried,
My
son,
fled.
why
fliest
unarmed and old ? Fear not as yet there remaineth hope of salvation.
I will undertake for thee
;
with Christ.
lieve
me
I will
hazard
my
Be-
Hearing
the
this,
he judged him
till
fully re-
first
century, at
Some
little
these occasions,
tc
My
his
custom was
on
ther/'
to say
told
else
them only
is
needed/'
P0LYCARP.
93
CHAPTER
Polj/carp
him.
by Ignatius.
visited
is
II.
Receives a
martyrdom.
apostle
letter from
John
as
fellow-disciples of the
now be
dered their
meeting on
visits to
this
Their
The
than described.
solid
and precious
fruits of
and the
now were
religious
benefit.
exhorted them
all,
on
his friend,
his sufferings.
as even to congratulate
him
94
FQLYCARP.
Shortly after Poly carp was
friend,
had an opportunity of
Rome.
God
by
left
on
writing"
venerable
his
which he
letter,
his
journey to
he gives Polycarp
discharge of
pastoral
his
office
the benefit of
ward
may
in thy course,
and
obtain salvation.
to
admonish
Be
Bear with
blessings, unity.
that they
all
men, as
all
Bear with
all
Ask
also
the
in love, as in-
for
each individually, as
God
all,
as a perfect
Bear
combatant
'-
hast no reward
bulent by meekness.
Be
by lenient embrocations.
lified
The
is
wanted
in
wise as a sertimes
a storm
demand
and thy
God
I will
Be sober-minded
whose theme
is
as the soldier of
my
life.
D5
POLYCARP.
loved.
credit,
Stand
It is
the part of a
Improve
diligence daily.
in
all
visible
eternal,
invisible,
though
for
above
is
us
made
all
vation.
Next
to
the
be more frequent.
Seek out
over-
that they
may
obtain from
liberty.
the public
at
by name
all
cost,
lest
Him
a better
be set at liberty
to
lust.
" Exhort
the
spirit.
name
sisters to love
with their
satisfied
and
my
own husbands,
both in flesh
my
brethren in
as the
for the
boasting
sire to
for if
be more
corrupted,
lie
boast,
he
in
a state of celibacy,
let
is
him do so without
lost
and
if
noticed
to
he dehe
is
marry ought
to
96
POLYCARP.
Let
all
Towards
is
approved messenger to
requested to send an
consequence of
in
his hasty
was
it is
was
Ignatius,
for
many
It
makes no pretensions
however,
promote
to lite-
is
most excellent
faith
for
it
Its
is
in-
object,
directly tends to
it of a martyr,
epistle
by denominating
(C
in
the true
the bonds of
The
all
presbyters he exhorts
He
that
we
to
not
nor to be severe in
knowing
God
are
all
debtors by sin:"
97
PDLYCARI*.
example of holiness.
" Let us, therefore, perpetually cleave
to the
Jesus
to
His
own
was
Christ
mouth
that
we might
but endured
through Him.
live
we
glorify
Him
Let
and
for this
if
all
for us,
us, therefore,
we
suffer for
example He has
He
in
we
believed.
"
"
behalf;
Now
the
of our Lord
Son of God,
the
you up
in faith
and
Jesus
even
truth,
and
in all
Christ,
meekness and
unity, in patience
and long-suffering,
portion
among His
saints,
and
all
in
raised
Him from
who
for those
the dead.
and
in forbearlot
and
to us with you,
and
to
in
Pray
who
shall believe
His Father,
for
all
saints;
all
build
who
pray
and
and
that ye
Christ."
The
in
this
is
the
truly
Christian
manner
in
of their presbyters,
who had
his
wife,
fallen into
9S
POLYCARP.
It clearly evinces, thai
through covetousness.
sin
timony against
he
sin,
him
to
bear
the tenderest
felt
"
am
ff
among
a presbyter
tes-
com
sinner.
for Yalens,
you,
that
he
Wherefore
assigned to him.
admonish you to
Abstain from
ful.
all evil.
he, that
in these things
man
If a
does not
and be judged as
idolatry,
he were a Gen-
if
tile.
ment of God
Do we
not
know
shall
boured, and
his
epistle.
glories
But
thing" of this
the beginning of
of you in
all
the
but we
brethren,
and
am
his wife, to
ance.
Be ye
know Him.
that ye
them
may
Wherefore,
my
whom God
also
moderate upon
this
occasion,
as suffering
By
so doing
99
POLYCARP.
CHAPTER
Polycarp
travels to
Rome.
III.
of keeping Easter.
Mareion.
made an
from darkness
to
light,
No
his people.
and
pursuits of many young men who dedicated themtracted ministry, Polycarp directed the studies
we have any
account
namely, of Irenasus,
at
who
Lyons
re-
During
his
long
life
h2
Indeed,
it
ap~
100
POLYCARF.
pears not a
little
who
filled
But
there
earth
is
is
done.
travelled to
Rome
portance in
that a circumstance of so
itself
little
im-
The one
it
party
moon
it
full
should be con-
should be
it
Each party
latter practice
Western
Polycarp,
It is
not
it
become
all
things to
difference,
and
place they
came
to
all
men
in
matters of in-
to, as far as
out of
101
POLYCARP.
this
day
at
it
The
and not
in fact,
error
judgment,
in
When
will
men
even good
learn to discriminate
well
and circumstantials of
religion
es-
were
It
if
graven in his memory, and embodied in his prac" Having most to do with ignorant miserable
tice
:
people,
am commanded by my
and
and not
niceties,
to dispute with
when
them on formali-
the question
presently to
There
heaven, or in hell."*
is
is
ever
in
a remark also of
ple of
<(
:
God
are agreed,
wherein they
differ,
I will
will
spend
all
my
the peo-
zeal
and
God
* Narrative of his
life
and times,
still
retained
102
felt
POLYCARP.
character
for
each other's
to observe his
own
custom,,
Holy
and
on
his conse-
our Asiatic bishop seems insensibly to have excited the love of the beholder, before he
much
knew how
To
apply
was
to be,
a great
man/'*
engaged
and
in
in
Rome, he became
his labours
readily
controversy
The
in the city;
faith,
in
were seduced by
it,
He
mutilated the
rejected
New.
sect of the
He
had a human
origin of evil.
in
103
POLY CAR P.
ment
It
and Polycarp.
in
is
make such
Marcion meet-
own
thee
to
be the first-born of
Satan/'*
To
the expression.
those
anity
who would
is
God
blessing,
errors,
it
is
the truths of
indifference to
is
whilst faithfully
situation
seventy of
same time
the
startled at the
point
to
to
and also
to
lc
member
who was
Lord Jesus
thema Maran-atha."
Christ,
And
will-
of his fellow-creatures
Re-
ff
:
let
again, "
If
any man
him be Ana-
Though we,
we have
preached,
let
him be accursed."
Polycarp had a peculiar dread of the simplicity
Irenseus's
work
against heresies.
104
POLVCARF.
of the
Christian
when erroneous
forward in
claim,
me
!"
his presence,
To
e<
Hence,
being corrupted.
faith
what times,
O God,
But
the
We have
who had
dity
up
fully acted
to the
By
tive
this
was very
seemed
far
advanced
to possess
all
in years
but he
his
still
His
knew no
martyrdom.
The
ec
more
characteristic of the
was not
remark be
prime of
and labours,
judgment, we may
* Irenaus's
Epistle to Fioriiius,
is
removed
when such
105
POLVCARP.
an one
is
may appear
self
for
in this
it is
he
for glory,
spared in mercy
is
among
Saviour
sinners,
piness.
li
dead
human
being,
to
lamp
will blaze
is
better world
but
it
it
will
sinners
that
office
that of an
When
his
brighter in a
be no longer a light, to
away
lost
in
death,
it
will
will
no more say
In this view
pra se;
but
a week
O
effect
it
a day an hour
!
that this
When
awake again
his voice
in
eternal
to the perishing,
how important
is
!"*
consideration produced
its
proper
How
latter
were assuredly
their
if it
last.
as if
106
FOLYCARP.
CHAPTER
IV.
is
to
alive.
his
The whole
is
frequently called,
season to the
Aurelius,
Church of God.
was a most
afflictive
and
it
can-
He knew
moral character.
them
them
trates to torture
The
in the
turns
and
away with
and
may at
peror, who
It
virtues
first
is
celebrated by
historians
for
his
But we behold
own
attainments
3
up
;
in
him a
a self-righteous
107
P0LYCARP.
There
is,"
as Dr.
Haweis
justly remarks,
in self-
never
ning;
The
felt
blaze of rage in a
Nero
as
is
the
the inextinguishable
like
is
fire in
cano/'
The
of this emperor
its
Did
faithful votaries.
it
sullen
and
irrational
and
praise,
this
he
parade
far different
fate.
little
Ac-
not to
For some time before the martyrdom of Polyraged around him in its most
terrific forms.
Numbers were torn with whips,
carp, persecution
till
others were
beasts
and
and
condemned
arteries
to
others, placed
were
laid
open
be devoured by wild
upon the
shells of sea-
108
POLYCARP.
fish,
were exposed
to
One who
tc
Much
God, without
but, thanks to
Sa-
their
them
So supported,,
effect/'
The
sigh or a groan.
fire
was
to obtain those
good
uttered a
which
things,
unquenchable, and
is
c(
heart of man."*
During
this
in
by the fury of
his
to Cato,
is
replete with
guilt or fear
rest,
Cato knows
neitfter of
them,
out,
St.
Polycarp.
John
was
i.
7.
109
P0LYCARP.
Church of
The
storms of persecution
that the
Christ.
same Providence
in earnest
would
also deliver
finally
him from
remove him
man
are
his
the
to
But the
this
death over-ruled by
He was now
nearly at
life
by an honourable mar-
tyrdom.
to his death,
Polycarp was
which
it
was
The
place of his
his
time lying
the
flat
sibly
down
in
As he was, however,
at that
escaped them.
still
have pos-
it
his
thinking
to
him
in
10
POLYCARP.
No
involved.
his
will of the
he calmly ex-
Some
it is
them
to. engage in
The
were astonished
at the
scene
specta-
and many of
so
to seize
divine a character.
As soon
as
he had ended
he had referred
to
the
his devotions, in
Church
towards the
city.
ass,
which
and
to
known
to
in general,
and
led
him
and
for
who
Heathen gods.
and then
cast
his
POLYCARP.
1 1 I
As he
carp,
"
Be
like
is
strong, Poly-
man
None
When
tri-
to
"
Away
The
has always had bad names for good things, as well as good
names
for
bad things
who wish
The
effect of a
name
it.
is
is
the
The name
enough,
wonderful
shewn
thin
to be deceived
ample use
The opprobious
did,
its
known
value
its
epithet,
becomes
may be
stain,
with a certainty of
its
what
is
is
you
who
applies
as ease
and
fix
it
with
ease
designed to
it
it
for
this
necessary to ask
kingdom
to do,
preacher a Methodist?
And
own
112
POLYCARP.
saint,
up
cc
tenance, said,
intimating his
to
Away
fervent
true religion
desire that
The
still
Reproach Christ,"
aged martyr
years have
wronged me
and
my
added,
racter,
Saviour
cc
If
hear
you
me
a Christian"
proconsul,
repent."
cc
and
then can
!"
Being
I will
He
never
hath
my King
urged to recant, he
ignorance of
affect
imme-
I will
blaspheme
still
plainly declare
"
(e
replied,
served Him,
how
and
cc
said he,
what
my
I
real cha-
I am
am.
tc
evil."
I will
We,
not to
tame your
opinion, and in that of all the world, they stand fairly excused
for never minding
We
Dean Hodgson's
that the zeal and piety of that truly orthodox prelate subjected
him
as
to the
Dean Hodgson
was not
his
" But,"
than spirit, u he
of Methodism."
no
less truth
whatever, and
much
less
by the
the
sound,
ri
FOLYCARP.
you despise
" You
the wild beasts, if you will not recant/'
cc
which
threaten me with lire," answered Polycarp,
spirit
by
fire/' said
Do what
Firm and
you please."
intrepid he
(C
himself a Christian."
At
be
first
let
executed with
all
voice,
The
possible speed
" Poly-
sentence was
for the
people
the
poor
themselves in this
lice.
Jews distinguishing
employment with peculiar ma-
infatuated
In the mean
awaited his
fate,
time
the
martyr cheerfully
it
the
him.
at length
him
to the
stake,
;
14
POLYCARP.
secured by
remain unmoved
to
nails,
in the fire."
Son Jesus
whom
Christ, through
and of
the just
all
live
in
Thy
I bless
me
w ho
r
to this
day and
this
hour
Thy
Thee
this
hast ordained,
Wherefore
bless Thee,
Thou, the
bring
life
both
Holy
be accepted before
faithful
Thee
I praise
I glorify
and
now
fulfilling.
Thy
is
to
acceptable, as
It
sight
Ghost
crea-
the
beloved Son, by
whom,
Amen."
characterized the
life
will,
be rather attributed
by a certain
to the
his
class of readers,
extravagance of a heated
God.
to
The
step far
his
which
will
115
POLYCARP.
not be read
with
or possess
interest,
less
less
Hall,
of this
whom
life
than
they were
to
first
able writer,
this
strain
less
reference to
lam
aware/' says
person
the
"
made.
of devout ecstasy
the
will object to
dying moments
but
am persuaded
they will
He who
faith.
recollects
that
which passeth
all
full
of glory, will not be offended at the lively expressions of these contained in this narrative
be more disposed
own
of
to
state
he
will
of his
sentiments the
The
reached.
nance
rise to
to the supposition
counte-
was reproached
all his
might
to
David danced
far.
;
and,
when he
make myself
116
20LYCARF.
more
That
vile/
important than
and why
others,
all
should
it
will
not be disputed:
be deemed irrational
be
to
affected
to
full
who
Why
irrational for
should
a dying saint
immortal
in the pursuit of
life
be
it
few moments
lasting
is
While he
to
be crowned with
dwells on
life
ever-
the inconceivably
wonder and
a sense of
gratitude,
his Creator
It affords
no inconsiderable confirmation of
of
sages
Pagan
antiquity,
whose
moments
last
am much
mistaken
if
God
which the
all in
all
find
it,
not, as
it is
too often,
he
will
will
behold
it
117
POLYCARP.
ascend
mount,
the
As soon
as
transfigured,
and
glorified,
fire,
which blazed
to a great
sail
of a ship
filled
One
of the executioners
sword into
his
flames,
it
it
down
like
fire
where
it,
into the
And now,
a chariot of
in
communicated
first
in the
year
own
age.
to
Divine honors.
is
it
important, as
in his
Remarks on
% Tillemont,
Ecclesiastical .History,
118
P0LYCARP.
Christ* and
veneration
an idolatrous
that
alo
times,
is
was
as yet
who
Christ,
unknown
in
of
who
all
We adore
any other.
God
we
but
Him
as being" the
Son of
Him."*
Thus was
this
life
of
Such appears
tyrdom.
to
life
fortitude,
his Christian
could
man
him.
perishing world, he
in
whom he had
this
believed,
whether
his body,
knew
it
were by
life
or death.
In
life
and
in
splendent,
66
Luna minores."
We
conclude this account with our Lord's ad* Relation of the martyrdom of
St.
Polycarp.
119
POLYCARP.
dress to the angel,
Church
or bishop, of the
at
holy martyr.
epistle
as
If so,
we may regard
this short
The
the grie-
the
Jews persecut-
and, per-
are referred
to
These things
which was dead, and
write
and
and
tribulation,
I
alive
know
thy works,
art rich)
shalt
may be tried and ye shall have tridays. Be thou faithful unto death, and
prison, that ye
bulation ten
a crown of life."*
* Rev.
ii.
810.
no
JUSTIN
MARTYR
CHAPTER
Justin
andria. Enquires
sophy, His conversion
I,
He
travels to
Simplicity of
faith,
of
Alexphilo->
to Christianity.
and
The
subjects of
of learning.
title
of great divines or
As we proceed w
far
shall
find
men
that
more distinguished
as
which constituted
Justin,
Sichem.
He was
JUSTIN MARTYR.
He
103*
after those
121
who
Church of
His grand-
eminent
in
father's
and his
name was Bacchius
They were both Pagans the
Priscus.
the
writer,
first
Christ.
father's
latter
is
By
gclicitous
who was
exceedingly
Thus
favour-
may
we
and that
his
consi-
making observations
that appeared
worthy of
notice,
cele-
At length he came
to
and
where
is
122
JUSTIN MARTYR.
proceeded
He
him
chief
object
researches
of his
studied,
attractive.
he
to
During
last
this period, as
he himself
after-
wards mentioned, he was convinced, from the courage and constancy of the persecuted Christians,
they were not a profligate and debauched
that
people
and
charges
Still,
false.
He
mazes of philosophy.
felt,
indeed, a supreme
ec
enquiry was,
find
Him
that I
that I
knew, where
to
;"
and
might
He was
stand
like a
still,
way
to the
knowledge of God.
road.
The
account he
life,
instructive.
It points
wisdom
is
affecting
and
* Job
God, and
xxiii. 3.
in his
human
clearly dis-
123
JUSTIN MARTYR.
religion, of
partaker.
Our author
the Stoics,
genuine philosophy
but
first
applied to
in possession
of
to give
man
The
sordid spirit,
left
one of the
however, which
tion,
his
him
these
At length he
preparatory qualifications.
much
struck
ing
up
Adhering
likely
to
master;
place,
and contemplation.
to
these
be established
Justin
resolutions,
in the
seemed
doctrines of his
new
which
appearance.
tual attention,
One
till
at length Justin
124
JUSTIN MARTYR,
was
desire
to arrive at the
The
losophy.
length
much importance
recommended him
at
than
infinitely wiser,
losophers.
He
all
and concluded
portant advice
discourse
his
<{
:
Above
all
may be opened
to
you
that
for these
to
him the
knowledge of them."
That
this
Divine illumination
is
absolutely ne-
and
is
declared
in
various pass-
first
epistle
to
of the Spirit of
him
God;
the
Corinthians.
t!
in St.
The
spiritually discerned."*
Cor.
ii.
14.
125
JUSTIN MARTYR.
The
was never
after
my
soul,
and
prophets and
felt
excellent
friends of Christ."
From
felt
this period
the
he carefully
an increasing interest in
their
who were
persons
in
we may
some experienced
reasonably suppose,
They saw
going on
his
tures
pleased to teach
it,
still
God was
rejoicing.*
* Mr. Cecil,
in his Life of
titnilar
but
fail
to
126
JUSTIN MARTYR.
To
own
use Justin's
expressions, he
(c
way of transgression,
in the
He
it."
sophers had
who
enriched
who
talk
more
its
who
are
are acquainted
also
themselves with
Christian,
in
as well as a sweetness,
with
found
and
garbled
that a
poor
iVt
gaged
his attention,
of Christianity
confirmed
for Alexandria,
where the
country,
religion
of
the
Redeemer
now
man.
produced
his heart
We may apply to
and
life
mani-
life,
of Madeley
cc
:
Conviction made
way
for
laid a solid
joys of remission.
JUSTIN MARTYR.
Him
up
127
a well of con-
into everlasting-
life.
were removed,
began
his
to rejoice in
tears
his
All his
doubts
real.
His
It
not
conduct.
Whom
was
this
which
it
and so unalterable
was formed
it is
not
known
that he ever
Benson,
in his Life of
St.
Paul.
now embodied by
Mr. Fletcher.
con-
the Rev. J.
JUSTIN MARTYR.
128
CHAPTER
Justin writes his Exhortation
to
his
Trinity.
Justin
essential doctrines
The
vindicated
II;
the Gentiles.
Retains
from Platonizing on
the
of Christianity.
only destitute of literary ornament, but also confined to the Christian communities to
were addressed.
The
our view.
wider
x\
field
is
which they
now opening
to
first
writer, of those
whose
lists
diffuse a colouring of
What
Christianity.
t)r.
Watts,
with
still
in
may,
" He
vvas
one of the
to court attention
first
Christian
religion
to
before, whether
But both
their
JUSTIN MARTYR.
of learning
or acuteness, was
129
commonly obscured
He shewed them
that zeal
style.
The
excited no
in the
principles, either
to
be shaken from
his
ings.
ment he had
cordially
minds of
associates.
astonish-
little
now prepared
to
sacri-
down
His
employment was
first
hortation
the
to
he ably vindicates
anity
Greeks or Gentiles
his
his
" Ex-
;" in
which
compose
to
He
declares he
it
really sacred
He
deities,
them
(!
to
How
be instructed
the Christian
'*
being
JUSTIN MARTYR.
130
Come
hither,
to the dictates of
who
immortal King,
nor
The
and
goodness;
is
its
soul.
of the Gospel
the followers
uniform ha-
Its
those
the passions,
of the mind
fires
and thus
God."
Justin,
advocate,
still
former studies.*
natural tendency to
make him
celebrated Pagans,
whom he
represented as a sort
of Christians
and by
his
attempting to amalgamate
measure
to
his
justice, candour,
fully
some
and
mind on the
is
essential
indubitable.
After
to trace
are oyer
all
* $i\9<7Q$wv xaj
PhotiuSc
tw W,
kou feu
cp^aar/.
JUSTIN MARTYR.
that
the
Almighty,,
131
some
then's heart
of those Di-
faint impressions
He
has
to us in the written
Word.
Mr. Reeves, the learned translator of Justin's
Apology, fully justifies him from the charge of
Platonizing
vindication
his
of
Christianity
seems to imply,
itself
was
Justin
not
that
altogether
but
the
free
u Quo semel
odorem
Testa diu."
introduced, before
"
The
found
visible,
that,
and
vital,
and
power ; above
ing , wisdom
there
consi-
intellectual system.,
Platonic philoso-
when they
and
pro-
dered the
we
above
in
is
a small remove
that, reason,
understand-
that,
in
e2
every
man who
The
acts
132
JUSTIN MARTYR.
according to
Tracing
goodness.
above
all
up
effects
and
reason,
life,
causes,
their
to
These notions
kou AyaSov.
to their master
but
The emperor
rejected
upon the
subject.
Julian/'
he continues,
accounted
be the
to
visible
against
Sun
the
benighted
of righteousness,
world
with
in-
eyes
his
arose
that
salvation
he
imae of the
visible
of
whom
Sun,
the
who
tc
notion
the
reject
Logos was
His
Logos.
on
it
in
His
rays/'*
The
will
<c
When
read the
manner of
his
what
little
Plato
martyr
all
on
fire
by
this
when
the
see the
light,
to
earthly
heavenly
sages,.
when again
* Jortin's
Remarks od
Ecclesiastical Historv.
133
JUSTIN MARTYR.
and
that nothing
Writings
divinely inspired
in his
to
is
second Apology
when
hear him
say-
ing
in
that
this,
Moses and
Plato had
when
the Prophets;
his divinity
all
I find this
and clearing
his
mind of
from
Christian
all his
former
usage, after
all
with indulging
to
this self-denial,
be
charged
still
his fancy,
in
Reason
good, indeed, that Daniel Zuicker and his brethren should thus charge him
therefore,
they
as
make him
ever
introduce
they
to
hope
blast
the
mystery
to
his
is
in
in
he
Trinity, not
;
credited,
and
authority,
from the
Platonizing
divi-
must be sure
difference
frequently,
in
fundamentals;
if
his
very
this
him from
sincerity
is
not.
" With
as
<c
is St.
John
134
JUSTIN MARTYR.
by
this
from a Heathen,
derstanding.
in
But
it
an
is
article
that passes
all
un-
an apostle/'*
135
JUSTIN MARTYR.
CHAPTER
III.
The calumnies
Apology.
Refers
to
the
Sibj/lline
Oracles.
Relates
their public
the
Christians.
and ahout
Christianity,
Justin
his
visited
own
Rome.*
against heresies;
in
conversion to
During his
he wrote his book
This heretic
and
to
published doctrines
have
fled to
Rome, where he
of an Antinomian tendency.
Justin, well
Christianity,
its
being
com-
* A. D. 139
his first
Apo-
136
JUSTIN MARTYR,
in refutation of the
Amongst other
them.
dread-
and,
at
an appointed time,
of extinguishing the lights in their places of worthat they might indulge themselves without
ship,
restraint in incest,
of the sexes.
(c
is
of the
to cele-
Christ,
custom of imparting a
other,
in
its
kiss
and the
institution,
of
charity
to
each
of brother
enemies
and
to invent,
to believe,
all
gave occasions to
sister,
and
their
when once
Scurrilous reports,
lated,
currently circu-
The
malice
By
rage of
against the
Christian
for Christianity.
13?
JUSTIN MARTYR.
Time, however,
the falsehood
of these accusations
at length detected
and
who
all
to
ashamed of affecting*
to
candour became, at
last,
dence.
mode
simplicity.
work
will
purity and
its
interesting
this
reader.
Having addressed
book
his
to
Antoninus and
his
who bore
Guardians
Philosophers,
the
titles
of Justice
of
cc
Pious,
and Learn-
own
sake,
and
He
afterwards proceeds
and, indeed, as
fess
it
the charge
"
We
its
but
we acknowledge
we
con-
the true
who
ture of
evil.
is
infinitely
prophetic Spirit,
the
ing them merely for their profession of Christianity, Justin observes, with equal force
and pro-
138
JUSTIN MARTYR.
fair
If they are
trial.
let
they
are innocent,
Christians
let
as
Christians
them be discharged,
We
nothing" amiss.
own
is
if
as
do
their
good,
is
punishment enough/'
Our author
in
impurity,
in
have
strictest chastity.
common
of hospitality for
offices
of Christ,
est
hate us,
and join
in
earn-
may
by the
Christian
must not
up
lift
his
hand
in
wicked
JUSTIN MARTYR.
139
but endeavour, by patience and meekness, to convert his enemies from violence
And
and wrong.
effects
Many
and
transactions."
satisfactory
and pleasing
evi-
who
man,
fruits of piety,
would, in those
among
the bre-
thren.
An
the fol-
The King
ic
tract:
of Heaven
came down,
to
which
versation,
He
has proposed in a
conflict,
quite contrary
games.
There he that
the garland
to
fights
here, he that
is
is
is
for
way of
Olympic
the
that in
blow
there,
;
the
conflict
is
of crowns
and contention
he that
here, he that
new law
it
V*
this is the
This
new way
of
140
JUSTIN MARTYR.
In the use of
Christian religion.
he
this
reference
is
now
pretty generally
pious frauds .*
who
are inclined
to
exceptionable evidence.
* u
ner,
We may
Mr. Turner.
We
first
an account of the
parents, the ark of
Noah, the deluge of waters, the tower of Babel, and other matters,
all
New
books of the
historical
life
The manner
trial
and
which makes
cles,
much
plainness
it
The
and
and particularity
relating
The
somewhat enigmatical
He
them
describes
initial letters
all,
in his
account of the
of their names.'
It
may be
work
inserted
in his
Heathen
oracles,
emperors.
Roman
But the
poets*"'
JtfSTIN
of fallacy,
ing* to
in
141
MARTYR.
stood before
to a prejudiced or careless
yet,
it
may be misconceived
evidence
cause
it is
alleged to support
weakness
as a
in the
We
his
own
character," observes
ecclesiastical critic,
of his works
cc
every page
in
warm,
and
and hypocrisy
as void of dissimulation
as a child."*
Nearly
at
detail
Apology we
of the
manner
in
religious
assemblies
in
general
conducted.
" At every celebration of the Eucharist/' he remarks, " we bless the Creator of all things,
through His Son Jesus Christ, and through the
Holy
all
Spirit.
And upon
the day
meet together
in
called
Sunday,
or in the country,
142
JUSTIN MARTYR.
When
makes a discourse
purpose
for the
the sermon
we
The
ended,
is
our supplications.
When
all rise
mixed
the president,
with an audible
ability,
'
Amen/
Then
and sent
to the absent
all
the consecrated
who
fund of volun-
sick, the
who
all
are in want."
to the
em~
peror Antoninus Pius, appears to have had a considerable influence on his future conduct towards
the Christians.
Though
nevertheless, a
to the
and issued an
any of them
moral character
edict, declaring
be ac-
and
Ilposs'tas.
This
edict
143
JUSTIN MARTYR.
is
annexed
to Justin's
Apology, and
is
well worthy
Adrian us An-
.^Elius
common
am
for
it is
much more
if
they be able,
those
who
you
them of Atheism
lives,
Nevertheless,
and accuse
their
it
to substantiate.
an advantage
to die
down
their
As
to the
more
recently,
is
it
you
to
compare your
spirit
with
their's,
You
God
144
JUSTIN MARTYR.
Some
provincial
of the
governors wrote to our Divine father Adrian, respecting these very people
and he
replied, that
against the
But
father.
the
any one
if
will
merely as
Christians,
still
persist in accusing
such',
he
is
a Christian
and
let
the person
let
it
appear that
in his stead/'
Whilst
we admire
duct,
regret that he
Christians,
we cannot
sceptical carelessness
ference/' remarks an
and
ecclesiastical writer,
but
Gospel
cc
for himself.
his
indifee
not
mind
to
forget
that
on
his
Him.
it
actions,
he seemed to
good
scarce to think
it
possible
The
mankind
evil
of such a contempt of
God
is
what
JUSTIN MARTYR.
Yet
it is
opposed
the evil, of
others, the
all
145
most vehemently
in
No
wonder;
for,
guilt in consequence,
The
stood.
deration
mere
rishes
is,
itself
evil,
the
cannot be under-
morality.
The
is
latter,
where godliness
is;
but
it
is
capable of a
teparate existence/'*
JUSTIN MARTYR.
146
CHAPTER
IV.
Trypho, a Jew.
The
There
always,
is
it
The
conquest or defeat.
was exemplified
whose name,
in
illustrious adversa-
equally immortalized by
truth of this observation
probable,
is
it
is
this
it
Not long
after the
edict, Justin
to
make new
who had
Coming
morning
at length to
in
the
already embraced
it.
in
consequence of
observing by
whom
inspired
writings
Justin,
in possession of the
of Moses and
the
prophets,
147
JUSTIN MARTYR.
no true
satisfaction,
till
saying
into a
of laughter,
<c
for Justin to
have retained
that of
to
If,
unto me;
first
and
the law
God.
in
the
fes-
other
He
for Christ,
very
is
rites,
prescribed by
if,
little
known, and,
in
come
to
You
notice.
into
fact,
possible
is it
anoint
men.
hearken
But as
a person,
vilest
will
place, be circumcised,
tivals,
He
his
the companions of
this
lit
he at
On
and formed
whom you
Saviour,
In consequence of
promised
to
retire, or
remain in
this declaration,
be attentive hearers
silence.
four of them
and the
rest,
departed.
and commenced
l2
their disputation,
148
JUSTIN MARTYR.
newed on
their disputation
The
substance of
tin.
a similar train
directs
Thus
daism.
first
who engaged
Christian combatant
fare,
in a
Having
war-
refuted,
whom
tion,
and
styles
uncreated
the
fC
him
Lord and
God,
Christ,
God
of
God."
Justin
by the following
tions,
simile
crucified,
cc
we
bound with
we
We
chains, tortured,
persecuted, the
are
are
are
we
we
the more
we
7
close,
puts forth
new
who
shoots,
is it
and
with us
Christ have
planted/'
149
JUSTIN MARTYR.
which were then generally adopted by the Christians, respecting- the Millennium.
Having referred
and Gnostics, he
remarks
<c
;
As
for me,
and the
we know
Christians,
rest of us,
who
who
are perfectly
both a
afterwards also spend a thousand years in Jerusalem, which shall be rebuilt, beautified, and en-
larged."
Justin
at
earnestly exhorting
to
cc
concludes
length
Trypho and
by
dialogue,
his
my
longer to
stripes,
(C
by which
crucified,
may be
all
be persuaded no
or
deride
healed."
His
Shortly
power of the
Omnipotent Father, proclaiming friendship, and
blessing, and repentance, and the communion of
saints.
Hence all men, whether bond or free,
after,
who
believe
enjoy with
in
Christ,
Him an
in the
eternal
and incorruptible
in-
heritance."
is
"
the former.
It was foretold," says Justin,
" that the children of Abraham should be as the
to
of
all
that
is
good,
ever ready to
receive
the
and disposed
to
make any
return."
150
JUSTIN MARTYR.
Perhaps
it
may be
is
a keen-
in the
my
Holy Ghost
thren,
witness
continual sorrow in
that myself
me
my
heart
my kinsmen
and
Christ, for
my
bre-
But
were unsuccessful
the one
if it
Trypho acknowledged,
in
did not
that there
ever afterwards
The
security
As soon
barbarous enemies.
He
who
tural crimes.
persons
JUSTIN MARTYR.
ters,
were invited
to accuse
we
while
state
151
lievers,
edict of Trajan
muet shudder,
reflect
No
We
made
after be-
to the
more recent
edict
of Antoninus Pius.
But,
to
slaves,
improbable
in
their
very
nature,
To
confess.
tion, all
Of
the
human
it
will
is
no
sin,
table title
if
to
as guilty of the
human
latter.
be so insepa-
little
condemn them
knowledge of
any one
*
oppo=
152
JUSTIW MARTYR.
and
carnal mind
is
latter reproachful
adver-
religious sentiments
and conduct.
priety
And
The
saries in
against
e(
their religion.
than force,
to the
injury
which religion
"
consistent votaries.
tines/'
The
God.
It
has
magical
the people of
inde-
force,
irresistible
Women
it.
this
weapon
in
their
hands
and
to his
what
is
to
happen
life,
modesty
f
fat
whatever
call
him
unthinking
meaning
;'
sobriety,
but
consistency,
Methodist,
brightens
face
into
and
and every
malicious
which belongs
to
him
fool,
While Religion/' he
continues, "preservei
153
JUSTIN MARTYR.
that distance
to
in
to fruitless speculation,
without
may
she
ferance
of men,
live
but
if
unmolested
in a sort
of holy suf-
if
if
she
levities of the
tongue,
voice
is
raised in unison
to
MeWhen shall we
childish
this
and
stupidest of
all
cants,
nonsense?
mischievous
this
Not
life
and leave
to
assuming, as the
test of a schismatic
departure from
its
doctrines/'*
I. p.
341.
life
which
is
154
JUSTIN MARTYR
CHAPTER
Justin disputes with
Crescens,
V.
a Cynic philosopher.
Writes
second Apology. Is summoned
prefect. His martyrdom. His character.
his
before the
Rome.
at
larity,
This man,
in his
nuation, to misrepresent
Our
his
vilest arts
Christian
of insireligion.
Not long
tion
after, in
it
to the
his
emperor
Antoninus Pius.
mediate
cause of his
Christians were
now
writing
it,
certain
woman,
at
lived
155
JUSTIN MARTYR.
in
husband from
to reclaim her
his
courses.
his vicious
bill
of divorce.
Enraged by
this
ponement of her
tion of his
trial
Ptolemy, by
whrm
Christianity.
to
was thrown
be a Christian,
cruelly tortured
instructed
into
and
A Christian,
suffer death
prison
in
men
to death,
of guilt.
same
sect,"
reply.
was
too,
appear
to
me
to
charge
be of the
all
Christian,
person,
You,
specific
merely
who
in
like
his reli-
punishing
and
men merely
refutes
for the
name
of Christians,
156
JUSTIN MARTYR.
If Justin,
had that of
his
enemy
resolution
Justin
own
to
inveterate
the arguments
alike
them
to
and heroic
and despised
obstinacy,
men
of
learning.
Under
these circumstances,
by
the
arguments, and
profligacy,
to
was no
it
force
irresistible
more by
still
difficult
exceedingly
of
Justin's
his reproofs
of his
peror.
By
in his surmises.
thrown
into prison
Rusticus was a
ing and
political
Stoicism.
peror,
He
enemy he was
man
six of his
before Junius
city.
his
attachment to
who always
com-
all
affairs,
moral
whether
157
JUSTIN MARTYR.
public
of a
or
covering*
But what
description.
private
of mo-
fig-leaves
were
rality,
At
God and
His Christ!
first
to
The
and was
that he
told,
had studied
education
his
all
kinds of phi-
last
then be
ff
to despise
Wretch
!"
it
the
in
might
it.
cs
right."
is
Rusticus.
quired
((
martyr:
we
Creator of
all
What
"
is
It
is
their doctrine?"
en-
rejoined
the
this,"
and
things, visible
God
to
invisible
be the
and we
submit
to
His instructions
mean
to
infinite
those
and He
As
is
of
now
who humbly
will hereafter
for myself, I
am
too
prophets, who,
of the
all
He
many ages
Son of God
coming
The
prefect
158
JUSTIN MARTYR.
To
bled.
which
was
Christians'
it
was
not
God
that the
replied,
of
any particular
confined to
place.
Rusticus then
nions
examined
severally
art
celebrated
to
if I
heaven ?"
Although
be
for
thy elo-
cause thee to be
foot,
I suffer
the portion of
as I
know
that the
go
all
to
ee
such,
<c
Do
that
you
shall
it,
to
expect to enjoy
and
go
true believers
of
in possession
compa-
his
addressed Justin:
know
which excludes
ce
it
all
doubt."
The
prefect
the gods
insisted
still
on their sacrificing to
exclaimed Justin,
For
this will
How
159
JUSTIN MARTYR.
the consolations
all
dispensation
like Justin,
It is their
up
live
of,
and
to,
the Christian
and
indistinct
vision
with a hope
but,
of immortality,
full
to
where a
gracious
" Hence
In
spirit
And
see
Doth
God's
so attend
face,
whose
them
all vicissitude,
In one
The
still
rest,
dawn
full
And
they
flitting fears,
are swallow'd up
purpose
we
to idols!"
The
prefect then
following sentence
be
first
holy
and
to
The
!"
martyrs
prison, rejoicing
were
then
led
back
to
shortly
"
160
JUSTIN MARTYR.
headed.
Thus we
man
so celebrated
in
his
and
of a Domitian.
injustice,
The badge
of in-
where he ought
to
where he ought
suspected,
to
Lord 167.
He
and he
have examined."*
was always
may
He
Justin
We
have suspected
it.
actively
notwithstanding,
engaged
he
own
taste,
to
Christianity.
If so,
make
ce
He
converts, by accom-
to the speculations of
found
it
easier," re-
his
own
life,
Well had
it
if
Christian
JUSTIN MARTYR.
161
An
to reconcile to
human
is
written,
and
attempt to
was
hensible,
first
made by
Justin,
was carried
to
produced a
ability,
of flatterers of
tribe
prolific
human
to glance
We behold
in
numerous
his
Justin an illustrious
excellencies.
monument of
The
gion.
love of truth
death in
all
for
reli-
this
he was content to
Prom
the
and
steadily con-
suppression
promotion
of sin
and
infidelity,
and the
We
be-
which the
brilliant
rare
in
162
XREN^XTS
CHAPTER
Irenceus a disciple of Papias and
X.
Poly carp.
An account
Blandina.
were
probable
it is
in easy circumstances, as
he
write an important
which has
rendered
work against
him deservedly
fathers.
life,
It
heretics,
illustrious
was the
privi-
to be instructed in
* Tillemont
Pin j a
little
and
Du
163
Irenes.
rable
Papias,
saints,
Polycarp, bishop of
Smyrna
both of
whom had
Of
the latter,
and
though he else"
where represents him as
a person of no great
skilful
in
He
May
it
not,
however, be
reasonably questioned
and
of Papias, main-
the authority
to
same opinion.
Tertullian,
afterwards states,
from deference
tained the
lite-
a mystical sense
in
other
celebrated
fathers,
were
likely to
may
Or, rather,
it
his testimony,
this doctrine
from
no inconsiderable
were right
in their
were mistaken
Eusebius on
The
principal
observations
of
this
nexed note.*
* Eusebius having remarked, that Irenaeus speaks of Papias
as a hearer of John,
author of
five
employment
6<
to insert with
cites the
do not consider
my own
M2
it
following
a burdensome
interpretations
what I have
164
IREN^US.
probable that Irenseus continued but
It is highly
a short time with Papias, and that he chiefly resided with Polycarp at his native city.
Kindnesses
who
For
I take
no pleasure,
as
many
do, in those
nor in
Lord
truth
tJie
itself.
and
any time
met with
For
still alive.'
" This
as
so
much
profit
'
often
It
is
He
who
life
Amongst other
things,
He
also
upon
kingdom of Christ
"
I sup-
by
misunderstanding the meaning of the apostles, and not perceiving that they spoke in a mystical and figurative
capacity, as
may be
manner
for ha
conjectured from
165
IRENjEUS.
make an
well-disposed
mind.
if
they be of a
on a
indelible impression
Irenaeus
always
reli-
retained
and treasured
in
memory, even
his
to his dying
and adhere
to us
most
The
closely.
the
and going out
his
manner of his life, and the figure of his body
discourses to the pec pie
the accounts he gave
discoursed
his
coming
in
their
sayings,
These
upon me,
on paper but on
out, not
my
heart
and ever
sitfee,
recollection of them."
It is
Rome,
into the
of Papias
as Irenaeus
nion." Eccles.
Hist.
1.
and the
rest,
a. c. 39.
who
166
mENJEUS.
hence he
is
sailed to
From
have
to
officiate
as
The Gospel
duced into
is
this
Church
supposed
city
Lyons.
at
have been
to
first intro-
recommend
all
to
learn
was appointed
When
will
to
to
moderns, with
occupy
and improvements,
enlightened views
blessed, indeed,
them a
subser-
Thrice
to
lous
city
among
more
piety
their people.
and
Great
sake,
rather than
renounce their
reli-
and depth of
their
At length,
this
Church, which
167
IREN^US,
The
persecution
by
prevailed on
threats,
w ere
r
slaves,
charge,
they
human
flesh,
By
and impurity.
fcr
a time
eating
incensed
were
to
mean
time,
all
In the
pretended to give
credit,
to
;
justice,
common
the rack
kinds,
to
extort from
In vain was
with the
cence.
mined
last,
it
guilty,
and con-
168
IRENJ517S.
At length the fury of the populace and magistrates was for a short time restrained by some of
the confessors' pleading the privilege of
The
citizenship.
The
and waited
to the emperor,
which
interval
Roman
circumstance occasioned,
this
persecuted church.
To
became
life
the martyrs
and
By
who had
Divine
in their
life
tribunal;
and
They approached
God, who willeth not
souls.
(their
the
the
The
cc
restraint.
during the
general
* Dead
their
Aurelius
assembly,
It
was,
held annually at
169
IREN.EUS.
all
that the
parts,
Christian
populace.
citizens
were
Now
also
in those
it
who
l(
had apostatized.
Being questioned
made a
martyrs.
apostasy
list
of
remained in
who
possessed not
the
any fear of
God
souls,
By
nor
their life
but
all
the
be the children of
to
rest
were added
to
the
Church/'*
" The difference," remarks Mr. Milner, " between true and merely professing Christians is well
stated,
season of
much more
now do by
visibly
distinctions."
And now
sexes,
and
all
ages and
rREMus.
170
ranks in
life,
of God,
Amongst the
Lyons during
bishop
vert
various
martyrs,
this persecution,
Sanctus, a deacon
who
Maturus, a
a female slave.
sufferings
suffered at
and Blandina,
may here be
properly introduced.
cutors,
The
con-
late
It
perse-
afford His
trials.
ill
treat-
people
until
He was
aged
this
saint,
Still,
however, he remained
from Christ.
sufficient
'
In the
witness
life,
mean time
of the
which flows
his
body was a
torments he sustained,
171
IREN^US.
human
His patience
form.
shewed
to the
need
to
experienced
grievous where
is
Some days
after,
fresh
is
tortures
and
exhibited.
is
had been
they expired, u A
chair,
!"
During
this
slave, Blandina,
Father.
Though
who
fortitude,
morning
to night,
whilst
that
and
fatigue,
still
ex-
alive,
no
evil
is
am
and
a Christian,
For
several
of their
own
trials
were aggravated by
all
sorts of
methods
no pity
The
lad,
encouraged by
his
up the ghost.
gave
chair,
172
IRENjEUS,
and the
up her
spirit
if
and
cast
them
into
lest
of notice.
their Sa-
though with
this
ter proceeded to
faithful brethren,
remarkable difference
The
lat-
steps,
and glory
and
spiritless,
and cowardice.*
173
IRENES.
CHAPTER
II.
modus protects
the
Christians,
Valentinians. lrenceus
the
writes his
work against
he-
resies.
At
the
of the
epistle
to
own
Eleutherus, bishop of
safety,
wrote an
Rome, warning
to
return to
Immediately on
who had
already been
heresies
subtle
within
assailed
the
Dreadful
Ohurch without,
harass
and
him
it
to
Paul's emphatical
174
IRENJEUS.
sufferings
sarily
stripes
in deaths oft."
it
were by
life
How
or death."
long
the
torrent
of
hope that
it
spent
it
it
is
by
its
own
Let us
uncertain.
itself
raged
persecution
probably
mean time
violence. In the
ing up
Com-
in the
He
father.
he granted peace
the
is
his reign
his
said to
in this
matter
either from
pity
(c
There
(C
justly observed,
ble in
is
something/'
it
has been
venera-
and God
Church,
The
own
wretch,
glory,
Henry
the Eighth, no
more
175
IKENjEUS.
of Christianity.
Commodus
If
at
all
his
been without
may
who,
the
have
Ave
effects
conjecture, would
may
of his
hatred to
the
Christians, than
mind
to
effect
rather restrain
be supposed not
justly
to
Commodus
succeeded to the
The
placed.
self to
which he was
his
pen
in
He
the
He
less ramifications,
f pointed out
The
advocates
Basilides, Valentinus,
differed
of the
different
systems
of Menander,
all
176
IREN^lUS.
religion
of inspiration.
Of the
his
five
books,
is
in
lost
Greek
and
it
now
exists only in
Notwithstanding, however,
tages,
it
still
displays in
cuity of thought,
was,
it
and
all its
many
present disadvan-
parts
at the time of
doubtless,
much
perspi-
brilliancy of expression
its
and
publication,
Few
all
the
modern
reveries of
They
originated
a Swedenburgh, or a Southcott,
in general
St.
John.*
brief analysis,
may
serted.
Gnostics, an appellation expressive of superior knowledge;
by
their
their adversaries,.
own
pride, or ironically
177
IRENxEUS.
The
.Eons or ages,
whom
JEon,
whom
Their principal
and
Aletheia
Logos,
of
other iEons
who were
It
whom
the root
together
in
Pleroma,
fullest discoveries
of Himself.
life,
call
thirty
years of
They
these iEons.
it
in
and substance
formed the
and they
All these
was on
produced
two
[Life]
more.
These
[Truth].
eight .^Eons,
all
At length they
[the Church].
first
and
Nous, [Understanding]
./Eons,
their turn
in silence
Him
Pleroma] dwell * as
;
also
* Col.
i.
19.
filleth all
t Eph.
i.
all
when he
said,
should
ful-
in all.f
178
IREN^BUS.
At length the
last
name was
From
stance
tears
world was
the
shed, in consequence of
it
and
it
evil,
its
passions
and
left
Such
sum of
the
is
which, amidst
its
this
at
His baptism,
extravagant heresy,
of original
man.
It
sense the
sin,
and the
shews us
delivered
after
Saviour,
but
who
from
its
balance to this
tions,
its
the
its
ments
formed
afterwards
to
fall
no
doctrines
and redemption of
arrive,
when
The
so preposterous, as at
that they
To
first to
induce us to suppose
refutation.
ject,
we must
and we shall
upon the concurring testimony of eccle-
find,
first
disseminated
that they
were
it
179
IREN.EUS.
that
real
Christians
Irenaeus having*,
in
first
more
adopt
his
might appear
it
easily
shew
takes occasion to
proceeds in
To
in its
own
He
then
destroyed.
power of working-
that the
still
meaning*.
all
were
that he intimates
The
still
all
wrought
Christians
the
power of
done
apostles have
this the
brethren
God
nued with us
for
some
years.
gifts,
The
and
true disciples of
daily
impart them as
180
IRENJEUS
and
Two
important work.
cc
We
<c
of
to us.
of our salva-
whom
God committed
to writing, that
it
For
faith.
the
our
way
tion
first
it
will
might be,
They
all
all
Mark, the
disciple
deli-
preached by Peter
Paul, put
down
in
who
upon His
dis-
breast,
All these
have declared
to
us,
that there
is
one God, the Maker of heaven and earth, mentioned in the law and the prophets
181
1RENA2US.
the
Son of God.
assent to them,
knew
who
who
the
also Christ,
Such an one
is
the
is
own
histories,
of
all
things,
all
who
sits
things, having
to
a fourfold
testi-
character,
but joined
in
one
Spirit.
was
the
Word.
In the beginning
character,
offering
generation according to
man
son of Abraham.
Spirit,
ing,
as
it is
Christ,
Out
He
endured
manhood
to
to be
Godhead,
suffered
under
Pontius
182
IREN^Us,
Pilate,
rose
again,
He
brightness.
Saviour of
of those
fire
those
all
shall
those
who
who
come again
who
in
the
glory,
Judge
He redeemed
us from
we might be a holy
The same Person, who suffered under
Pontius Pilate,
is
Lord of
all,
and
also King,
and
spiritual
man
judge
shall
He
shall also
he
for
man ?"
C
With
if
He were
with
son,
"
that
reckon Unitarianism
prevalent heresy
among
this
and, therefore,
their censures
Probably
it
it.
But
be contended^
of
the he-
Church
183
iren,us.
Besides
we
above,
of Christ
socie-
the
in
fifth
He
also
clearly
remitted the
sins
and thus
of men,
none can
for
as
For
wheat
as
is
a dry mass,
we be made one
in Christ
so nei-
Jesus without
to the im-
to believe in
commandments;
whereas not
Man, by
to
and
obey
this
God
a greatness of
a good thing to
It is
Him, and
is
the
is evil,
to
life
and
is
keep His
of
man:
his death.
* Barapton Lectures.
He
may choose
shortly after-
184"
irenjEus.
<f
wards adds,
To make
loving kindness of
human
of
what
you
jection,
art,
and
you
if
nature.
your
is
will
will
God
property of the
the
be made
is,
the property
is
you
therefore,
If,
part, that
will
to
is
faith in
offer to
God
Whereas,
He
who
Light
made
fault,
being
all
to those
who
He
mercifully gives
and, as
it,
it
who
avert
themselves from
He
it,
those also
who
it,
has prepared
who
avoid
is
for
appointed
suitable punishment."
The
and
185
IREN-EUS.
state, that
tends,
it
that
unknown
in their time,
and
in
human
will in
school
of the
that
lan-
of
Calvin.
An
who
author,
of the early
Christians,
appear to me
be unanimous
to
is
grace no
all
unanimous
sesses a freedom
in
hope, or charity, or
faith,
that every
of action, that he
good or
evil,
me
stating,
centuries
goodness
to be
first
in stating that
life
is
is
man
pos-
not a slave
master of himself
or death.
If there
be
two statements,
of the subject
it
itself
c
;
we
shall
all
men
to
is,'
to use
never fathom/
have
which there
in
'
we
The same
The
186
IREN^US.
whole Epistle of
St.
Clement
to the Corinthians
is
by
faith
succeeding fathers
good and
evil
and
use
import/'*
* Collinson's Bampton Lectures.
The
ject,
reader,
may
who
work
Whatever be the
demonstrated, by
its
it
has irrefragably
if
we may be allowed
first centuries.
the
187
IRENM1US.
CHAPTER
The
III.
Ire-
revival
cutes the
His
Christians. The
character.
time* bishop of
(C
Cave,
furious
tradiction,
tent
Rome
this
and who
and
<e
let
ungovernable
lamentable to read
passion." f
how
Alas!
of the
<c
is
more un-
when
he ought
to be
all, is
humility to
fierce looks,
trembling
unbridled revilings.
lips,
of,
by
who
* A. P, 196,
Churches were
1SS
IREN.EUS.
his
if
he
felt
that,
notwithstanding
papacy residing
in him,
excommunicate them.
The
Eastern Churches,
mean
in the
time,
little
firmly,
Even
God rather
who agreed
with Victor
The
course.
to
spirit,
progress
man.
than
of this
unhappy
who wrote
At
last
he
him
referred
to
the
conduct
of
Poly carp,
and
"
The
presbyters,
subject
re-
marks,
thren,
who
;
differed from
neither
did
it
them
in
occasion
opinion on this
a
disagreement
his
own
sentiments
Eucharist
permitted
in his
Polycarp
to
administer
the
own church."
189
IREN.ELS.
of
cessation
strife
took
place,
and each
party
who
differed
The
from them.
corresponded
He was
a. lover
with
his
general character.
At
Few men
with
holy
to
zeal
with
evil
piety in
make every
good men.
u If
we have
we may
at least
and
coincide in
practice, by treating
tenderness
to
in all
speculation,
to
agree
in
maxim
incul-
omnibus caritas."*
The outward
was
at
length, in
now
the
Although,
in his
190
_EUS.
nifested
little
he ma-
Tertullian, in-
ing-
Christian,
him
no small predilection
The
benefit,
and, indeed,
have discovered
to
in
which he
however,
had
received,
it
by no means changed
produced any
his heart, or
Real gratitude
perennial fountain
stream supplied by a
as
is
like a
summer's
A man
burden of obligation
an unfeeling breast,
powerful
flood,
in
of this character
himself from
free
and on some
is
the
affront, real or
implied,
this
savage tyrant.
name
f he forgot
all
his
ci
Severus.,"
in his day.
+ u Juclseos
fieri
Christianis sanx.it."
idem etiam de
191
REN.EUS.
The
storm of persecution
on the present
fell,
but
and
was
it
particularly,
Tours, at Lyons
we may
if
;
of the empire,
Gregory of
credit
to
more
be directed,
likely to
tioned author
He
it
is
it
is
maybe
to death,
of the transactions
city
this
and, as
ancient writers,
we have
in
tremendous season,
authentic.
the time
of Aurelius.
The
in
all
numbers
this
who had
is
supposed to
persecution
and,
cruel prince,
was put
the Christians of
The emperor
torture, he
have
temper of
more
this
especially against
its
and
Christian inhabitants.
and
his solicitude
creatures.
denial,
it
for
would be
superior.
self-
In
192
IRENiEUS.
his fellow-men,
he deemed no dangers or
To
he submitted
rious design
difficulties
accomplish
to learn the
this glo-
barbarous
to ex-
native
uncultivated people.
admire
this
illiterate
and
will
manners of an
rude
example of pious
And contemplating
his
zeal
and benevolence.
many
an
have
it
may be hoped,
ability, to
who
to join the
as mis-
A short
eminent
siastical
"
The
style
succinct, clear,
He
of this
life
we can
his
first
book,
be sought for
among
the
should utter
works
in his
Celtae,
because, residing
is
it
with
that he did
eloquence or orna-
how
to persuade
by
a vulgar simplicity.
He
and he endea-
193
IREN.EUS.
cannot
It
be
doubted,
that
in all sorts of
He
he was a
knowledge, as
perfectly understood
There was no
heretic
He
tures
which the
word of mouth
had taught by
more
what
attested of
is
him by
omnium Doctrinarum
literally
true than
Tertullian,
Curiosisslmus
Irenseus
explorator.
Moreover,
his
great deal
of
prudence,
chanty
and
it
may be
humility,
efficacy,
justly affirmed,
that
and
he
qualifi-
and an able
Du
ecclesiastical writer."*
Edit. Dublin.
1722.
194
TERTULLIAN.
CHAPTER
I.
a native of Carthage.
Tertullian,
Christianity. He
composes
His
his
conversion to
Apology for
the
Christians.
is
was born
or, as
at
Car-
160.*
He
is
times.
intimate
that he
significance of his
The praenomen
ancestors.
down
to
our
names
illustrious
his
being the
fifth
son of
Gens
among the Romans,
being
plebeian,
first
regal, afterwards
He was
* Tilleraont.
and,
lastly,
probably called
195
TERTULLTAN.
name
whose name
his
own
father,
office
to
gress
in
As soon
literature.
son's pro-
his
had passed
as he
was sent
to the
education
his
and
his
abilities,
early advantages.
It
science, but
other
way
read
in
was never
practised as a lawyer.
He was
;
deeply
was acquainted
versed in historv-
any
ic
Roman
laws, adds,
The
he acknowis
that
somewhat
cc
it is
lofty
elo-
it,
inquisitive reader."
possessed great
brilliancy
an
irritability
to
o2
of
wit,
of tem-
196
TEKTULLIAN.
per,
The
Patience.
He
and
arrows,,
his
iC
:
His teeth
tongue a sharp
unregenerate
in his
book of
his
in
state,
drawn
tongue
his
as a
his bitter
that, previously
also,
he was an adulterer
that
to his
It
conversion,
he delighted in the
had attained
No
to
a dreadful pre-eminence in
to
sin.
or to
to
so also
was no one,
more conspicuous
for purity
of heart and
and attainments,
to
attack
the
abilities
strong holds of
little
It is
commencement of
also
assumed the
We
the reign
ecclesiastical character,
his ordination
cannot be
19?
TERTULUAN.
version
but as we are
those considerations
fected ourselves,
arguments which,
all
in
af-
that
We
wisdom
of
that lawgiver;
of prophecy, which
links
upon
connected evidence,
the antiquity of
conducting
of
humble en-
the
to the place of
continually expatiating on
also
We
him
find
miracles
of
excellence
and moral
efficacy of the
Gospel, as
therefore,
as
we may
conclude,
own
had the
conversion.
*Not long after he embraced Christianity, Tercomposed his admirable Apology, in which
tullian
his
most conspicuous.
In
many
respects
is
more
bold,
this
work
and the
style
more
Tertullian does not hesitate to charge his persecutors with exercising an unjust tyranny; and stig-
198
TERTULLIAN.
inhuman malig-
It is
probable that
this
Severus
had
at
which period
his
persecutions
commenced
not
of
the
in
Rome by
and
city,
by
Plautianus, the
the
Saturninus,
proconsul.
understood
He
also denominates
the Christians.
Severus, "
The most
55
con-
wards addressed
the
first
Indeed
to the Christians.
liar
to
reason to be so
this
for,
engaged
in
the
factions,
either
of
Albinus
or
record.
seditious
had
till
them
also an old
issued
law on their
the introducing of a
new
side,
They
which prohibited
serve an enraged
mob
199
TERTULLIAN.
Tertullian
were ashamed
Roman
empire
they will
(i
to speak.
We
it
meets with.
Christianity
Divine
her
preferments,
unknown.
mitting
her extraction
is
is,
all
that she
And what
her to a
The
heaven.
in
only
hearing?
fair
Whereas>
if
be ren*
you con-
will
most flagrant
injustice,
of remaining in
which,
if
wilful
ignorance of a religion
is
in
men
may seem
it
reality
We
to
name;
excuse
What
can be more
which they
For then
-200
TERTULLIAN,
when we
men
When, theremay we
demerits.
its
will
we
Hence,
connected with
it is
it,
the
Indeed
ignorance,
hated us on
who
numbers,
that
former times
in
became Christians
guilt.
The common
vested
cry
now
city
in-
is
over-run
with
Christians
less
J
;
and,
all
ages,
lamented as a general
is
indeed,
their
The
is,
evil,
and
qualities,
is
instead
of
some secret
wonderful
effects.
But nothing
will
induce some
human
On
ignorance
as
this subject
knowledge
C!
But
it is
is
curiosity
is
as
seems
It is
to stagnate.
much approved
of.
in all others.
number
of Christians
201
TERTULLIAN.
is
wrong
to
worse
many
desert to the
side.
of those
enough
The
guilty
in
When
reflect
Every
darkness
fear.
when
appeal
shame and
is
to
to
be tormented
sins,
pents
Not one
air of
is
among
like this
ashamed, or
re-
is
summoned
triumph
if
to trial,
he goes
indicted, he
makes
What
judges.
this,
belonging to
artifice,
What
of them
no defence
is
If he
with an
fesses
own
a Christian.
it
so
be criminal.
Christians
to
to
or
it
repentance,
a strange
rejoice,
evil
is
or shame,
or
or sorrow, attending
it!
this,
fear,
that
punishment
How
Nothing of
\"
lively
a demonstration have
power
w e here of
r
of Christianity; and
how
the
dim*-
202
TERTULLIAN.
cult
to
even
to the
cc
Christianity, as to
to
family.
moral
such an aversion
the
prefer acquiescing in
The
its
it
within their
chaste on principle.
The
father, formerly
now
that he
is
become obedient.
The
master, once
that he
is
made
mere name of
Thus
faithful.
offensive
so
him
now
is
the
produced so
important a reformation."
In another part of his Apology, after having
described, in nervous language, the infamous characters
whom
tullian
sarcastically
cc
Even
if
we were
to
hell
Which
of your
203
TERTULLIAN.
How much
Aviser a
have acted,
if
your god-maker
part would
he had deferred
his apotheosis
he foresaw
was
but, as he
in
whom,
a hurry,
ing
more
to find
till
doubtless,
I
suppose,
ashamed
new
is
illustrious characters
groan-
in hell."
existence of a
real
and
it
terrify us
Do you
wish that
as the soul
evil
is
we
should prove
Confined
itself?
in the
from a
surfeit,
it
arise,
it
some mea-
and addresses
will
restore
general use.
to
me.'
These
are
expressions in
favour of Christianity
He who
in
pronounces these
The
soul
it
derived
its
own
1
origin."
204
TERTULLIAN.
The
work
but the
manners and
and
affords us a
it
also
writer,
iC
We
"
second century.
emperors
God,
to
who
We
all
others,
without
long
a prompter, because
We
heart.
life,
we
we pray from
all
the
emperors a
strong
would wish
capacity.
for,
These
we
shall obtain
them
them
because
He
servants,
to
lose
our
life
in
crosses suspend us
IN A
fires
let
;
in prayer,
flesh
consume us
let
let
praying Christian
alone,
His service.
or private
205
TERTLLLIAN.
How
<c
ye generous rulers
this,
is
Will ye
kill
evil,
it
were easy
which we
sustain.
for the
evil for
for us to
But God
by human
or
fire,
Were we
evinced.
is
should
mies,
we
we want
or
forces,
numbers?
world
true,
we
filled
all
your towns,
cities,
fi
islands,
courts,
much
pleasure,
in
were
bo-
castles,
senate,,
!
well prepared,,
it
We
to
make a general
nions, you
to
all
Nothing
cerns.
is
The whole
and hope.
who
J.heir
for
were
silence
and
But we are
more foreign
a body united
at the
ideas
you
solitude that
dead
it.
we
is
we have
palaces,
Are
It
forum.
world
our republic.
We are
We
meet
in our assemblies,
as those
devotions;
206
TERTULLIAN.
We -assemble
By
sions.
the
Word
God we
we
of
occa-
all
corrections
excommunication, when
needful.
it is
and by
This
last,
of great weight,
is
to be debarred
in
so
scandalous a manner as
blies.
of character
no influence with
us.
chest
These
pulsion.
of piety
and inclination
gifts are,
as
for there
it
is
no com-
and merry
Word
of God,
or imprisonment.
some
See,
(say
He
to
be
how these
they,)
!"
and enemies
their strict
207
TERTULLIAN.
These were
injuries.
tive
judges
These were
their resemblance
which
features, too,
sf
testified
to their
evidenced them to be
!"
Lord Almighty
their
love, celebrated
at the
same time,
by
the
is
The
"
indicated
its
of
shall,
we
entertainment
expended
is
of
its
being conducted.
It
is vile,
nothing that
down, prayer
that are
hungry
is
We
in
so feast
the
dis-
admits of nothing
immodest.
Before
we
up to God. Those
much as they desire and
much as is useful for sober
as those who bear in mind that
offered
eat as
men.
is
consists
it
God; and we
so converse as those
who
are con-
208
tures,
TERTULLIAN.
or
Our banquet
God
is
We
then closed, as
still
it
retain the
com-
same
who
209
TERTULLIAN.
CHAPTER
Terfullian
a married man.
II.
His
His
wife,
martyrs. The
against heretics.
Jus
tracts to
to
pecu-
Tertullianh
tract
The
life
many
ether
principal interest
its
his
writings.
own
of Christianity
in
We
time.
his
his
the
fail in
people to
some measure
discern the
admirable Apo-
have already
to
to
the Church,
immoral tendency of
we may
similar nature,
and gradually
dis-
Of
whose
is
its
behalf.
lives are
recorded in
210
TERTULLIAN.
though
their
own
silence,
is
by no
It
man.
name
Two
much
their writer.
first
still
of the character of
tract
he advises her, in
We
readily acknowledge/' he
cond marriage. cc
observes, " that the union of man and woman is
we know
human race
He
that
and granted
for the
it
to the
devised
purpose
it
ought
to
second
In his
tract,
Tertullian,
with
much
his wife,
in
case
He
it:
when
treaty
ratifies
it.
the oblation
announce
it,
211
TERTULLIAN.
one
flesh
is
They pray
one
They
sals.
In seasons of
trial
in the
and
burdensome
is
are equally
Divine espouneither of
affliction
or shuns
other,
They
to the other.
and sup-
is
in the
there
flesh,
daily
stolen embraces,
No
impediment!
without
exertions
no trembling congratulation, no
whispered benediction
They
unite together in
each
other
high
the
in
of
praises
God.
their
He
Where
there also
evil
is
He
and where He
two
is
are,
not the
one."
these
there
is,
in
it
His
style,
however,
and
is
for
his obser-
and usefulness.
his
Indeed,
time
we
find
the aliens
At one
p2
2\2
TERTULLIAN.
Now
and
life
prospect
of
of heart
the
Some
aim
he
is
exhorting
at greater holiness
imprisonment
and
martyrdom.
made from
in
his
little
interest to
Apology.
to
vindicate
the
religion
of
asperity.
Roused,
related
tions,
as an
indubitable
He men-
attention.
fact,
the
that
emperor
by the application of
Christian of the
till
name
oil,
of Proculus,
who remained,
consequence of
this
and that in
Christians,
was for
and even
had embraced
their religion.
He
who
in
Asia, all
Their object
new
in
this
be ascertained.
appaIt
is
213
TERTULLIAN.
not improbable
that,
happy men,
difficult to
if
rest
find precipices
as
The
ceived.
tial,
and
How
may
be con-
in the
violent
still,
and
we have no
Tertullian escaped
cause
the
of Christ
easily
He was
information.
in
numbers of the
of the emperor,
ployed
increasing*
to
chiefly in places
universal.
so
being* alarmed,
The
Unit
himself,
all his
lives, is
and halters?"
cc
:
their
undaunted
now
were imprisoned
wherein he
than of
{C
pity.
They were,
impure
now no
Heathen
sacrifices,
own
family
solemnities,
smelling their
the
214
TERTULLIAN.
of the
and
direction,
tion of their
to
shewing
itself
most
the
it
every
In
Christians.
in
view,
their
primitive
trifling"
" The
the majesty
merely
a speculative
professed
doctrine
The
merable
deities
and
rites of
in
the
innu-
life
and
it
seemed
mankind and
The
society.
all
fices, in
soldier,
were obliged
public
spectacles
to preside or participate.
were an
essential
supposed
to accept,
The
part of the
honour of
who
The
Christian,
passed with
infernal
snares in
every convivial
215
TERTULLIAN.
hospitable deities,
When
other's happiness.
pomp
when
tion, or
.the
habita-
funeral pile
who were
the Christian, on
was compelled
new
to desert
Every
in the least
concerned
art
in
of idols
Even
common language
the
abounded with
stain
of
idolatry.
of Greece and
Rome
familiar
was required
diligence which
as
some suppose^
likewise
is
own
most excellent
that
from
weapons
this
iron he has
forged
and purity of Christianity quite routed the Valenand struck Marcion to the very heart."
tinians
;
These
tracts are
now, indeed,
less interesting to
Roman
Empire.
216
TERTULLIAN.
For such a
this
We
in the
for a controvertist
say of him,
He was formed
with
diction
pertinacity
and
may
ci
sarcastic
and with
all
Thus
qualified
in the
cause."
in his
combat
Having remarked,
tics,
in his
were
Prescriptions of hereforetold
by Christ and
affording
as
no
small
testimony
in
their
favour.
"
run through
once
filled
epistles
by the apostles
are
read,
where
their authentic
voices,
21?
TERTULLIAN.
and Thessalonica.
have Ephesus; and
Rome
impregnated with
their blood
the
beheaded, like
the apostle
of boiling
banished
was
It
after
fied,
as
to
near
live
Italy, there is
peal.
fully
you
if
an authority
If
in
all
their doctrine,
Rome
that Peter
and with
was cruci-
John was
cast
oil,
to the isle of
to
be
Patmoe."
But
still
retaining-,
Rome,
from attributing
In
authority.
to
his
it,
or
treatise
which he denominates
cc
its
concerning Chastity,
holi-
the
issued.
The
bishops, declares,
sins
of
has been
'
edict,
pregnant with every abomination !" Shortly afterwards he adds, " Who can pardon sin, but God
alone
This
is,
indeed, the
of
prerogative of the
God
himself,
not of
218
TERTULLIAN.
Tertullian's
five
Law and
the
his
in
who
ec
God
{(
day.
conver-
is
he establishes
shews that
In
evil,
sequence of
this liberty
His councils,
but that
commit
to
that
God
the
all
in the
shall,
sin
will
is
the con-
not change
sins
and
this
freedom of
end,
follies,
God
objections of Marcion
and
his
disciples."*
but
fails,
as all
must who
with which
God
Divine mystery.
vation on
writer,
is
this
The
subject,
but
when
many
the
common
There
ingenious things in
this
cc
rules
is,
becomes subject
of ratiocination,
to
which
219
TERTULLIAN.
not erroneous
Dr. Watts
tion,
similar
observa-
self attend to
our
made a nearly
has
if
deductions,
it
<c
understandings
hensive, by firmly
revealed
and wait
illumination
in
the
the
to
of
higher
immor-
for
the
favours
tality."
In
piece on
his
and vanities
abjured
lates
amusements belong
of the
world,
to the
by Christians in baptism.
He
also
devil,
re-
woman
being possessed by a
pomps
and
adds, that
found her on
end of
my own
this treatise,
premises."
Towards
the
amusements of the
Pagan world, and concludes with an animated
of
the be-
liever.
fC
God
own people
should take
that they
220
TERTULLIAN.
God
What
lately lifted
up
in
prayer to God,
clapping a comedian
in
littered the
to the
amen'
now be wearied
in the sanctuary,
ments
Why,
superior pleasures
What
which
life
be occupied
Do
you
still
requires amuse-
acknowledge and be
mighty
which were
that mouth,
or
to
house of
reconciliation with
be
more
delightful
than
Lord,
error,
pleasure more
sure,
terrors
its
What
life,
and a death
* This
is
him
credit for
it.
But whether,
to
cure
revelations,
What
may not
acknow-
be read)7 to
have made
if
there
wrought
It
is
actually
forgeries.
He
221
TERTULLIAN.
and do you
These are
tuitous
specta-
and gra-
perpetual,
sacred,
God
true
are the
these
pleasures,
the
of Christians,
cles,
tc
live
Consider
as
it
forward
the Church,
to
to the
to cleave
palm of martyrdom.
literature delight
we
you,
possess a sufficiency of
sentiments, and
even songs.
of truth
desire
We have
works of
If
Do you
contests,
and wrestlings
in
They
number, nor in
are
interest.
fidy slain
by Fidelity
seration
we
which we
in
remarking, that
are engaged in
are crowned
fictitious
Per-
Commi!
Such
Do
at
you even
would
or
ra-
apostolical
miracles,
could have
falsely as-
222
TERTULLIAN.
O, what a
in
Lord
What
angels
then
be
approaching,
is
advent of
the
exultation
our
of
their graves
of the
will
blood of Christ.
New
Jerusalem
!"
and the
city
223
TERTULLIAN.
CHAPTER
III.
on
Heathen
state
the
military
the
children.
minent a feature
It cast
and, whilst
it
a gloom
added an undue
cacy.
dry,
There
is/'
may
and point
roar,
it.
The
it, till
ra-
tempest
se-
effi-
a hard,
its
It
in his
cloak
impute
Church
a
;
laxity
of
his years,
discipline
led Tertullian to
to
the
general
brought against
it.
who claimed
their discipline.
224
TERTULLIAN.
He became
wrote
in
incor-
and
their defence,
natural or car-
nal.*
him:
He had
He was
We
not of the
general church,
church
con-
to
name
of every
member
a village
enrolled in heaven.
is
sect,
in Phrygia.
He made no
altera-
For
this
demned any
who had
con-
numbers of Christians,
Such
is
who
still
greatly esteemed
by
It should,
may
is
We
in
Montanus, or he would
225
TERTULLTAN.
Dr. Johnson,
similar
ce
circumstance
To
is
somewhat
life
dangerous.
distant,
and hope,
to
important observation
this
he of no church
mated only by
the
in
concludes with
poet,
referring
after
it
Religion, of
and which
will glide
ani-
is
by degrees
Milton,
calls
who appears
to
have had
full
conviction of
We do
yet
grew
not
mean
old without
any
visible
no hour
wor-
and
still
set apart
for
him ultimately
lead
to
Dis-
highly probable,
if
he would not only have departed from those communities, but have discontinued the public exercises
of
religion.
He
continued,
indeed,
as
number of
9
followers,
But
226
TERTULLIAN.
circumstance occasioned
very
this
only
another
unhappy
division
of
a schism
unhappy attachment
terities
But
and bodily
palliated
to certain
uncommanded
aus-
mortifications.
natural
it
harshness
character.
life
No
longer
of celibacy, or
mo-
from the
possibility
of repentance.
from
his
own
plea of leading a
life
tion.
We
this
sensible
and
pious father should have thus tarnished the simplicity of his religion
the
by adopting
have countenanced, by
and forbidding
habits
his
in so great a
ascetic;
and
superstitions,
degree
and thereby
which
(C
The
227
TERTULLIAN.
but
sions,
regulating them
speculative
not
No production
istic
of the
tary
begun
consistent,
man
of Tertullian
Crown."
ec
The
Roman army,
Mili-
It
occasion.
to the
One
a laurel crown.
soldier,
who was
a Christian,
it
in his
hand.
time
in sin-
he
was
tending unneces-
reigning powers.
condemned by
his
At the same
be
to
officers
of orders.
The
soldier,
however, found
in
our
Not
contented with applauding the honest, though misapplied motives, by which he probably
tuated, Tertullian
commended
was
ac-
represents
him
as
martyr.
* Collinson's
Bampton Lectures,
9 %
a,
228
-TERTULLIAN,
But
acknowledge the
same principle requires
justice to his various and
we
that
should do
full
The
indubitable excellencies.
may be
judiced observer
gedness of the
soil
superficial or pre-
it.
If this Afri-
weak,
which forms
Christian character,,
a part of the
so beautiful
it
who
or the
heartless
one,
who
If he
he was
was not a
From
skilful casuist,
requires a thousand
he was a
If
he
faithful herald.
of old age
itself,
and
in earnest
one
who
un-
who
life
for the
name of our
it
to
and
affords
an ingenious interpretation of a
1
text,
229
TERTULLIAN-
In
the
his Treatise
whom
from
that
conception
their
the
to
very
daemons
no
among
child
of purity
and that
daemons
that
those
should
who were
He
vice.
it
possess,
"
to
The
unclean
but
now
circumstance
this
else
to
God,
the true
is
St.
husband
unbelieving
sanctified
;
then applies
words,*
Paul's
meaning
that
infancy,
was
its
instead
of being
Pagan
*
superstition.
Cor.
14.
vii.
Superstitio
foetus, et
Nonam
Romana deara
et
finxit
Decimam a
Alemonam
et
Ita
omnes
idololatria obstetrice
adhuc utero
infulis
lucem.
Dianae ejulatur,
dum
nascuntur, dura
ipsi
pooitur,
alendi in utero
in
partu Lucinae et
filii
est.
aut sacro obsignat, pro gentica, pro avita, pro publica, aut
230
TERTULLIAN.
How
endured
Tertullian
we have no information
death,
last
at the near
his
illness,
and
approach of
a circumstance
Nothing, indeed,
regret.
ments
must
all,
solemn scene of
in that
sooner or
later,
act
life.*
in
last
mo-
which we
important a
so
part.
We learn
though he records
It is
was
he
probable that
gradually
century;
man, and
of years
full
to his
people/*
Thus
the
variety of his
learning,
and
the
sincerity
and stedfastness
of
his piety.
privata derotione
Sic igitur et
daemonicUs inyenit.
daemonum nomen
Sie
est,
utique ethnicorum.
et
Hinc enim
et
apostolus
est,
ex sanctiiicato
quam ex
institutionis disciplina>"
&c.
Tertul. de Anima.
231
RIG EN
CHAPTER
Origen
is
I.
Is
Seeks for
president.
its
We
among
sit
in
may
It
be supposed that
sucli
produce a happy
effect
The
mulate
the
ingenuous
in
the
career of
would be restrained
sti-
virtue,
in their
with
an
Egyptian judges.
tially to
office
He
similar
to
that
of
these
232
ORIGEN.
may tend
in such a manner,, as
to
emulate
the
and
them
and avoid
former,
relate
the
latter.
There
is,
father most
in
him
We
behold
uncommon
disinterestedness,
ries,
the
in
the
self-righteous in
him as
The
their friend.
dinary a character
he
however, wilfully
will not,
misrepresent him.
in
Commodus, and
He was surnamed
185.
in
perseverance in a
mortification.
and
his inflexible
life
been
in easy circumstances.
Of
eldest.
and who,
it
the
rest
we have no
233
ORIGEN.
Under
the
in
principles of Christianity
first
pious father, at
his
mind
For
this
them
in private,
to
to
him the
peruse
to
commit
differ-
Born
afford.
for research,
assiduity
in those of a
to all his
engaged.
dissatisfied
astonishing-
studies; but
his inquisitive
mind,
He would
occasionally, while
engaged
in
also,
attendance on his
the
to
an-
swer.
Leonides
now
experienced
natural to
a fond
increasing
manifestations
parent,
as
a Christian
trembling/'
that pleasure so
all
on discovering daily
of genius and
It is also to
parent,
he
ce
under-
be hoped,
rejoiced with
234
0RIGE5.
not necessarily
is
genius
and
that
piety be
their
connected
men
with
precocity
of
have
unquestionable,
not unfre-
inferior attainments.
by persons of very
views
clearness of religious
Whatever were
the feelings
to dive too
they had
Origen and
for
strictly
Thus from
fest
Happy would
have been
it
Origen mani-
for
of
mind which,
in after-life,
a turn
us a
striking illustration
that
the
child
is
the
of a
man
in
of each
unfrequently the
pleasing anecdote
fail
parent.
He
when he
up earnest prayers
of
kissed
it,
for
and reverence,
as
235
ORIGEN.
Thus happy
he account himself,
mising a son
The
mentioning
sure in
little
story,
because the
silence of
did
effec-
and
which constitute
habits,
Not
to
name
men,
for literature,
illustrious
We will,
injuriously diminished.
trace our
of his education.
is
therefore, briefly
of
its
celebrity,
Probably
its
vicinity,
induced Leonides
still
to
(C
its
possessor.
"
espouse,"
any of these
sects
ledge;
all this
I select,
and
call it
philosophy.'*
236
ORIGEN,
The
"
Is
this
what
there, even in
is
it
had procured
way
merit no
its
entered
good
into
the
to itself
entitled
For
it ?
the
New
many
Doubtless,
valuable
purposes
are
The
dually learning to
tions
He
The
Beware of
Christian world
neglect these
Scriptural cau-
:'
human
is
certainly
much
too
doctrine whatever.
and
bishop of Jerusalem,
men.
with
no
waters the
pleasure, c As
soil,
and then
the
husbandman
first
so the
Gentiles serve
first
of men.'
in,
and take
vital
may be
This,
The
ORIGEN.
287
not
a Christian dialect.
certainly,
is
On
philosophy
would
it
at all
superstructure of Christianity.
of their
religion
own
much rubbish
mere reason
times as so
be wise."*
Under
juvenile Ori-
gen soon
displayed
that
prodigy
of intellectual
it is
have arrived
at
in
if
he
who can
help
soil.
The
blast,
to
philosophy of
a pestilential
destroy
it
its life.
now be
ascertained, Origen
of the celebrated
most learned
perfectly
ac-
238
ORIGEN.
tonics, Pythagoreans,
and Stoics
allegorical
interpretation,
in eluci-
studies,
We
its
this
different
his
his paternal
cannot
benefit,
advantage we
roof
all
that
would have
that he
would
requires
it
demands not
he regarded
his
his
of one of the
ment
saints,
who walked
with
God
after
he
Thus,
like
fruitful region,
passed
Possessed of
* Gen.
t.
22.
239
ORIGEN
dies, the
exchanged
to be
like
for clouds
was soon
upon
his
now
former comforts,
when
irrecoverably
lost.
seventeenth year,
his
commenced a general
He was
just
Pagan
subjects,
God
however, thought
They
it
right to obey
believed also
the
They
an intolerant emperor.
publicly,
cruelties were, in
them.
The
cularly at Alexandria,
more
had
At length,
tasted
ferocious.
but parti-
like
and antiquities
his
subjects,
he
from
all
parts of
Egypt
to Alexandria, as to a noble
240
ORIGEN.
stadium
where he might be present at their execution, and feast his eyes on their dying agonies.
;
Human
royal persecutor!
beast,
injurious
is
To compare
when
somewhat of
to
a ferocious
The
brute creation.
the
to
him
savage nature
his
with
satisfied
but
seasons,
In the
were so
mean
far
honour of martyrdom
self to
all
He
it.
At length, learning
danger.
was condemned
to be beheaded,
he determined to
His
mother, having
in vain
im-
prudent zeal by
intreaties,
attempted
to allay his
all
might
design by
his
this
effectually pre-
stratagem, he determined, at
purpose he wrote
his
For
this
prevent
which he was
ren.
One
likely to leave
his
widow and
in
child-
the
"
it
is
worth
many volumes."
ec
Take
heed,
!"
ORIGEN.
when we consider
that he
is
241
the
more
interesting,
trampled
242
ORIGEN
CHAPTER
II.
Origen
is
the
his allegorical
On
At
this
having heard of
him
into
his destitute
who
received
situation,
greatest kindness.
This lady
is
represented as a
woman
of piety;
Among
other
family,
was a man of
said to
persons,
the
remained under
he was neces-
with Paul.
He
never,
his reli-
243
ORIGEN.
own
use his
to
t(
expression, did he
abominate
all
heretical doctrines/'
What was
why
a season
of
how
bloody persecution,
provide an
to
find
it
may be
It is difficult also
it.
judgment respecting
matter.
but as con-
is
toric verity,
we
If the
to
form an accurate
not interfere
it was
young man, under such peculiar circumstances, to make so decided a stand against
wrong
them.
for a
On
if,
as
is
generally sup-
rather
to
and (what
more
in
manifesting a readiness
distressing)
to
version of
si
still
per-
of the blessed
God"
During
his
a resolution equal
to his abilities,
and a
spirit
which
to
r2
his
different philoso*
241
ORIGEN.
It is also
dedicated a
variably
Origen was
not,
content to wear
away
time
their
life
and,
He
in closets.
till
the time of
public duties.
a school, to
and
From
mother
it.
we hear no more
this
period
it is
She
lived,
of Origen's
The
was well
qualified
Christian religion.
though
still
sophers
to
give
He was
instruction
in
who
the
frequently consulted,
heretics,
weighed; and
whose opinions he
in several instances
was
245
ORIGEN.
the honoured instrument of converting
more Scriptural
to
creed.
was
Persecution
Christians
them
on
carried
still
against
terable attachment
He
of the martyrs.
the
his unal-
them
visited
in
prison,
at-
On
embraced them.
mob.
irritated
Indeed
was
his life
in
such constant
it
Notwithstanding, he
residence.
tunities
whom crowded
among
We
to
found oppor-
still
;
multitudes of
hear him,
his disciples.
should rejoice
to
think
allegorical,
the unadul-
that
But, alas
and
the phi-
method of
mystical
from
his
and
to impair
its
vital
and energy.
may
preting Scripture.
For
this
method of
purpose
is
inter-
subjoined
246
ORIGEN.
Dr.
with
upon
<s
Adam
judicious
Clarke's
man
observations
it.
much
to
many
vine oracles, in
the most
respects
futile,
Let
ceived.
genuine way
once be
admitted as
it
only
in
New
the
Testa-
For
and
solid
vanishes.
allegorizing
to
instantly
religion
in
Fancy and
the wildest
theories,
in
to inter-
spiritual
meaning
as
no data by which
examined, as each
of his
own
their
is
left
interpretations
Again,
fancy.
can be
to the boundless
if it
range
be once granted
meaning of a
we have no
He
God
fix
should
But
therefore, on the
24?
ORIGEN.
ingenious
with
allegories; Ketch,
stupid metaphors;
theosophy
Behmen, with
ternal and
may
put
all
his in-
senses,
celestial
indecent reveries
and
dull
his
his unintelligible
claims as
their
in
word of God
while
by confusion,
upon a mighty
to direct,
God
certainly
liable to
shew the
Who
be understood
in
15
i.
22.
and
110.
ii.
that Pharaoh,
tells us,
multiplied greatly,
should
is
become
lest
the
While
males.
Moses
is
commanded
the midwives
born; and,
commandment
after being
in
is
hid for
in
a basket
of
force,
three
this cruel
bulrushes.
ORIGEV
248
to render
im-
it
it
afloat
a place
to
own
nursed
be
all
daughter
Pharaoh's
for
mother, to
who was
whom
to
had entrusted
she
second homily on
Exodus,
ing
on
interpretation
facts
this
Origen,
it
in
simple
relation
tc
wishes to destroy
may
tend
all
to.
Pharaoh, the
the males,
and spiritual
rationality
i.
science,
e.
pi*opensities of
and
sensual, carnal,
the king of
which
Testaments.
signifies
devil,
the
but he
e. all
i.
those
Hence," says
gratification,
Sephora,
and
he,
and sensual
the
devilish.
man
of
the seeds of
by which
animal
his
all
know
that
a sparrozc,
and means
is
led to
The
other
is
called
Phua, which
signifies
ruddy of
249
O RIG EN.
Gospel, which
is
ruddy
By
wives,
cated
in
and evangelical
spiritual
truths.
Pha-
all
pensities,
vours' to
may be destroyed
do by bringing
But
opinions.
He
built
and
i.
and corrupt
in heresies
God
them houses
the two
e.
he endea-
this
therefore
Testaments
is
the
By Pharaoh's daughter, the church is to be understood, who leaves the house of her impious and
word of the
daughter, and consider,
prophet,
Hearken.
the
own
font,
to the
she obeys
waters to bathe
that she
Moses
i.
in
in
word, and
the baptismal
Here she
the
e. to
had contracted
finds
Thus
thy beauty.'*
comes
people, and
with
i.
e.
being
filled
* Psa.
250
ORIGEM.
necessarily
of,
till
it
the
who
then
it
means
move them
a people
to jealousy with
I
acquires strength
the
of
up,
and
Christian
I will
those
provoke them
will
being-
proper
its
it
to
it
Moses grows
and thus
becomes^ through
which
child,
and give
of us carnal glosses,
and excellence
thus
spiritual interpretation
and
among
beauty
all its
anger with a
to
foolish nation.'"*
"
When
and
evil
we
so
when we
to the
spiritual
vile,
and excellent
all
being magnificent,
and we put
it
in
its
it
ele-
He
would reveal and shew us more and more how
And this He does
great and sublime Moses is,
To
by His Holy Spirit, to whomsoever He will.
of our heart,
Amen/'
*
Deut. ixxii. 21
for ever
and
251
ORIGEN.
ce
the
Who
at the
deny
same
this
but who,
of interpretation,
the
Sacred
Writings
may be
252
ORIGEN,
CHAPTER
Origen
is
ffis
III.
bodily austerities.
argument against
its
The
abuse of philosophy no
legitimate use.
The
martyrdoms
By
this
mended him
qualified.,
management of
in
was deemed
Alexandria,
which he was
in
consequence
Shortly
he deemed
it
to religious subjects.
conduct
ing his
is
on
his
new
situation,
The
disinterestedness of his
By
relinquish-
resources
and,
being
whom he
literary
From
this
* Eusehius.
2b3
ORIGEN.
many
and
years a conspicuous
To
self-denial.
monument
disarm concupiscence
mortifications.
poverty
lie
sub-
subdue
and fastings
his body,
to
and
craving,
every bodily
of industry
in
he
frequent
endeavoured
to
in
macerate
Some
truth.
of his
fol-
and
ties
fanciful
his
of Scripture
interpretations
and
but there
his
senti-
who
will
proachable sanctity, of
servedly
condemn
and the
irre-
which he endeavoured
tions,
this
venerate the
to
subdue
Mortification
and
self-denial,
day, that
254
ORIGEN.
and generous
Excessive
it is
patible
made
us free
;" but
sideration that
and
purity
ec
<c
crucify the
we
liberty
it is
spirit,
incom-
shall not
spirituality
of
religion,
flesh with
its
affections
unless
and
we
lusts/'
we
ci
into sub-
it
jection."
With
Heathen philosophy,
ciples of
remarked, that
it
is
it
may properly be
its
it is
in
Jesus, a man,
who had
thus
woven so
word of God by
his extrava-
gant rhapsodies.
Whilst, however, the reader laments that the
religious sentiments of Origen,
in his day,
him
human
philosophy,
let
and ra-
255
ORIGEN.
When men
godliness.
minds and
of enlarged
of the
Scriptures,
learning
may be
and apply
and
talents
their
in
expected.
when used
when used to
in
department
ascertain the
that
is,
blish
its
proper
its
con-
its
and
its
explain
human
its
in
support of a real
history
trines, promises,
by that of
and
writings,
to illustrate
contemporaneous
and precepts, by a
different books.
usefully
employed
and
Human
serious, candid,
import
its
reasoning
in tracing analogies
may
in all
also
be
between the
subjects of revelation
to
although
probability,
they are
God
to
be
in his
Word.
office
when they
256
ORIGEN.
truths of
to
God
render
doctrines
human
mind,
as of the
or so
ie
will as
it
most
congenial
with
natural and
the
How much
judgment must
charity
Christian
decide.
many
sessed
**
that
may
indeed
is
We
them."
in
day of
fiery
are certain,
well as himself,
noble characteristic
pos-
Christianity,
of
and
name
From
the
of the
Lord Jesus.
numerous instances
martyrdom
of
merely
shall
Origen,,
The
Christianity,
tl
up
was,
heaven."
markable for
and
Origen's
expression,
mounted
young woman rethe beauty of her person, but more
baptized with
to
use
to
recently converted to
fire,
The
in those flames
latter,
in
vain, that
trial,
vilest characters,
first
after
she should
unless
cruelly beaten.
257
ORIGEN,
then
covered
endured
all
with
scalding pitch
own
her
and, having;
same
fire
with
mother.
martyrdom.
miaena's
Basilides,
soldier,
who
She acknowledged
to
after,
his kindness,
and promised
conversion.
Not long
Christian.
At
first his
to
be a
who
him
sent
to
prison.
who
Upon being
visited
him,
that Potamiaena,
had appeared
to
should shortly
die.
and that he
mar-
tyrdom.*
appear
to
Origen refers
to
many
* Eusebius.
s
((
Many/*
258
ORIGEN.
says he,
by the
e(
Spirit of
God
to Christianity,
Word,
lion."
this
lives
they
for
descrip
259
oaiGE*.
CHAPTER
The Church for
An
persecution.-*
Church.
in the
The pecu-
of Origen.
God was
from
this
thirty-eight years,
if
we except
tinued calm.
by the
persecution,
And
wickedness,
from
Origerfs popularity.
liar notions
IV.
respects a monster in
his
He
in so extraordinary
his father,
Christian
and was
woman
insufficient to
his infancy
engage
his affections
by a
to
the Divine
in
him a great
When
he was
only seven years old, on observing one of his playfellows beaten, for following Christianity, he could
not, for
his
who was
s
own
father,
or the
260
O RIG EN
Origen
to this period,
veneration
occasionally
Such
great
to
the
is
abilities,
Whilst
his
in
Christian
It is to
be feared
to the preju-
might
but a
teachable,
discriminating, and
only alembic by
honest mind,
the
we
fear,
but seldom to be
were
be proper
rise
to introduce
Christ.
may
Church of
it
cal-
In doing which
an opportunity of entering
we
in
shall
the
have
meaning
<c
:
Be-
261
ORIGEN,
ware,
any man
lest
spoil
deceit,
of men,
after the
Christ."*
human
blending
period,
with religion.
But
philosophizing
spirit
it
learnevil
of
crept
into
the
every direction.
introduced
within
still
first
some
to
studies,
others.
Under
this description
celebrated Justin,
given.
But of
all
and responsible
president of
object,
to
his
opinions.
The
be-
Christian religion.
To
accomplish
* Col.ii. 8.
262
OEIGEN,
Moses was
of
to the
way
of sal-
the Jews.
Both,
adulterated with
human
additions,
be superseded by
Judaism.
Christianity,
was merely
It
origin,
to
was not
be purified from
its
maxims of
Agreeably
to these
it
was not
his
in a simple
veiled by,
According
losophy."
to
him, the
rudiments, or
to the
lay
hid in
is
it
was
shell.
And
hence,
human and
Divine wisdom.
In
ciate
this
the principles of
Heathen philosophy
willy
263
ORIGEN,
many were
of Christianity,
those
by
actuated by a
this
means able
to
recommend
it
Hence
and consisted
chiefly in the
former being of
Nor
did
speculative
Christianity,
it
Pagan or
In
this
a Christian.
human
cipal
he
as
The
the
souls of
related,
from
his
we have reason
now be
briefly
this cele-
same nature
and
devils,
that the
each of them.
He
of them corporeal
spirits
were both
264
ORIGEN.
He
spirits
presiding",
peculiar
their
of evil
so to say,
Legions
chief.
men from
seduce
them
into the
* This
ways of
fanciful,
sin.*
though
last sentiment,
somewhat
to
at
sight
first
to
Origen
it
may appear
nor
is it
wholly
destitute of probability.
an incalculable number of
evil spirits
or
demons
is
resident in the
and
in
who "
spirits exercise
we
learn from
if
a certain dominion
and inflaming
instigating
God
if we are
command
Beelzebub, who
surely
not an irrational
and
farther taught that all the powers of hell are under the
employs the
spirit,
it
is
own depraved taste and character; and that while some are spirits
which " lust to envy," others are " unclean spirits," and others
again severally instigate to pride, anger, aud covetousness.
2 Pet
>i.
5.
Epfc.
ii.
2. vi. 12.
James
iv.
7, &c.
See
265
O RIG EN.
the
intelligent beings,
agency of
voluntary
and holiness
selves in virtue
become,
as to
in the
their
rank
lie
in tfre
And on
creation.
same
the
in
that
principles,
human
kind,
in
consequence
ment
and
that
even
might
evil spirits
finally
be
fallen.
of
human
souls;
At times he seemed
to
fall in
Adam.
manner
as
appeared
to imply,
that
in
such a
merely human
endeavours, without the aid of grace, might conduct us to the saving knowledge of God.
He seemed
persons
who
to
fall
think
it
questionable,
into gross
sin
after
whether
they have
and
266
O RIG EN.
of Christ; and that, destitute of
his denial
was impossible
for
him not
to sin.
It
this,
it
was pro-
affair
of Uriah, in the
spirits
The
earth.
stars to
be animated, and
superior to those
blessedness
who
departed
of
live in this
(he
spirits
was,
earth
that
the
deceased
was
in a
till it
from
His theory
remained on
measure purified
the
after that,
it
it
air,
firmament
retain
them
is
but a
in
and
at last
it
arrived in
The more
hell.
our souls
be on
their journey.
According
to his
of security
but may
bliss,
still
at
fall
may
He
267
ORIGENo
place of banishment for intellectual souls
and
be man}- after
will
He
many worlds
originally
the coats of
skins,
and he
before
this,
it.
Eve were
in
Adam and
which
God
with which
be
to
merely a
and
said
is
to
figurative
What
preceding sentiments of
the
in
is
the adoption of
and Him
crucified
it
exhibited
Origen
How
is
to the
determination of the
know nothing
and not
to
is
of his works
now
many
or a suspicious translation
ments
made
Is
it
this
own
deliberate senti-
for
his
eminent
father,
is
unquestionable, instead of
find, in
Du
we
268
ORIGEN.
all,,
doctrine.
And
Church
if
it
to
Word, and
to
for the
form
God
his
in his
be known
whosoever
is
in
is
necessary
;
and
is
wise
only in impertinences.'
is
written,
ORIGEN.
CHAPTER
Origen composes
the
Mammw.a
Scriptures at
favourable
macy
wiik
He
is
V,
Hexapla.His
an Arabian governor
instructs
pounds
his
0(59
to
in
Cues arc a.
popularity.
He
Christianity.
Ex-
Alexander
Christianity.
Origen'
and
inti-
anxious to
religion.
see.
dria,
Rome, being
visit that
and resumed
mean lime,
such numbers flocked
In the
his
ment, meditation, and the study of the Holy Scriptures, on which he justly laid the greatest
stress.
and
it
proper
to entrust to his
instruction
of the
this
time, attained
his
a considerable
Hebrew language, Origen purchased from the Jews the most authentic copies
of
proficiency in the
270
the
Olll GEN.
Scriptures
original
" probably
Jews would
is
(says
Dr.
and
collations
in parallel
Symmachus,
the
ters,
Hebrew
making
the Septuagini,
text,
in
in all six
Some
years after,
at Jericho,
now
lost,
title
of Hexapia Origenis.
The
following
is
Hebrew
in
Greek characters,
* Different
titles
in
Chaldee
and Greek characters) have styled the former Hexapia, and the
latter
sions only,
Hexapia.
jbave
entitled the
^2/1
OKIGEN
o
j
o
i5i
..
~'
V ^
3 ^ b
,
o
w
&,
b I *
* w .0
3 _ b
^
'O b
D W a ' JT"
U g b
o'3-_
Vj
3 w
v\_
a>
.-
o~
.1?
*w
b b
*
N i. b
'Uj
;j
3_
*5^
b.p /-
-O
b b 5^ b O-
u*
b
.'
k " o.>
ex3
b
S
S*
-t3
*UJ
v.
^ w
VA
b ^
TS1
'5
^_ 3
b 3
J^*
J3
1*1
UJ
^ ^
^^
s
0J
W
-0
^
3 3^!
b b .a
<,'
3 *^
'3-
N;
'"*
J=J
'S'S ^ 3
<1
CD
i^aV^
5 3
v,
b-^
S>
v.
^-'
O-
b 51
K-
<
ao
i.S
8 8 S
ti tz
8Q.
n
x,
tz tz
a
Q/>
O)
rz
no
8t
'
-a
w S
,^
i**
b^b^
,<
'b'S
o
<
* 5
<<
3~3~
vo
b5*-Js
A
*Vi
r.
fi
fc-
rz
n r
272
ORIGEN,
to
the
parts
all
reap the
learned
converts
knowledge
saving
much of
remained
still
of
the
ignorant
their
of
hear
and of
their
tle
Redeemer
<c
sin,
or
Ci
love
lit-
for
the
Milner,
kind
conviction of
We
truth.
command
always
but,
what are
now
which we have
all
remarks Mr.
the esteem
of
man-
founded
the
distinction
human philosophy
gen had
is
simply and
learned auditors
the Gospel, I
plainly
If Ori-
expounded
to
his
to
attend
his
many
of
instruc-
tions/'*
273
ORIGEN.
wrote
to
Demetrius,
Origen
in
He had
at
not, however,
it
prudent again
of Caracalla to attack
To
it.
Whilst at that
dence at Caesarea.
still
a layman, he publicly
city,
though
tures to a
number of
request.
own
Alexandria.
No-
to his
diocesan,
Origen returned
his
to
usual
his
good
will to
in a sin-
274
oriew.
We are informed,
Christian religion.
that he
had
a domestic chapel, where every morning he worshipped the most celebrated of his predecessors;
their
statues
Pagan
deities.
Into this
company he introduced
Orpheus
deeming
them, as persons
the various
the
at
it
a suitable
who had
instructed
Deity.
It is said, that
Christ,
and
to enrol
Him
regularly in
the
list
of
the gods.
it is
be feared, a mere
to
produced by
by
it,
are known.
visit,
It is
that he
ecclesiastical historians,*
doctrines of Christianity,
merely recorded
opened the
at Alexandria.
his
mother mani-
purer
faith,
as well as worship,
by numbers of
their house-
275
ORIGEN.
-
hold.
for the
first
Origen now
lived
whom,
in the
his favourites.
inti-
They
man
of a truly devotional
of recreation
and
refreshment.
Indeed such a
intercourse
all
their
common
ance of religious
and
solemnities,
their
meab
resembled sacraments.
Through
sistance of
stances,
in affluent
to
compose homilies
transcribers to write
down
circum-
his friend
amanuenses and
is
uncertain.
On
account
He was
Confessor.
also a married
ral children.
by Origen,
most
in
faithful wife.
?2
is
spoken of
276
ORIGEN.
berant mind.
to
properly
qualified
for
At length, however,
it.
he reminded him,
in
one of
his prefaces,
of the
the
his
friend
ver
and be enabled
to disco-
it.
A few more
gory.
extracts
may
here appropriately
written
till
after
alle-
evidently
They
he was ordained.
Though
duct,
Christ by
his
preaching than
his
religion of
life,
he thus
me who
preach
in
He
hence
that they
who
all
fall
my
conduct.
may
And
the
Many
tc
may be
277
ORIGEN.
is
called
of a bishop,
the office
to
not
is
to
be humble
vating humility,
act as
situation i"
will
They
in
be expected of
me
than of a deacon
but most of
more of
all will
be
In his commentary on the parable of the marriage of the king's son, Origen makes the following
observations
(c
:
good
anxl
changing
their garments,
kindness,
suffering
when
the
bowels of mercies,
;'
these
King comes
the dinner
He
and
finds
been invited,
has prepared
and
Hence,
set
before them,
though
conduct,
he
had
invitation,
to him,
How
earnest
278
ORIGEN.
ment
" *
?'
In one of
bers,
his homilies
not Israel,
who
Num-
All are
as,
on the contrary,
I find in
Spirit.
also baptized
the
to,
all
and others
cate-
Spirit
of the
Spirit.
he came
to the water,
was meet
Holy
for the
Spirit
was refused
whom
it
heaven/
to
may be
said,
'
full
of
the faithful,
all
garment
bad.
in
his
sermons on
this parable,
It is evidently
It is not baptism,
something not
is
common
And
subtilty,
righte-
all
has
made
wedding
this
good and
to
faith,
nor pro-
faith unfeigned-"
Tim.
i.
5.
279
ORIGEN.
ousness.'
These things
for myself,
speak by
way
hearers only
of caution
for I also
o f God."
his homilies,
will
" Let us read the Scriptures of the Old Testament, and imitate the excellencies for which any
commended, and
are
for
carefully shun
New
books of the
apostles
those things
let
it
be our care
that
we may not
receive a
bill
of divorce, but
{C
he
in
<c
may
Physicians/'
prescribe certain
but whilst
we eat
this food,
We
So
may
also
not,
it
is
strengthening
He
find us
engaged
(C
If our
in studies
it
of
were, par-
but,
pared by
He
will
Him."
us,
bring
the
l
Father with
280
ORIGEN.
probable, that about the year
It is
227 Origen
This work
still
*'
is
It
information,
much
allegory,
to suppress
some
with
parts.
From
heresies
in
those
It
is
own
sen
to
keep him
these bishops,
and anxious
in
sensible
of
his
piety
and that
and worthy
age.
The
irritated
still
more
of
him
to
retire
it
expedient
first
f Jerome.
281
ORIGEN.
Heraclas,
who had
assisted
him
This happened
in the
year 231.
Shortly after Origen had
left
Alexandria,
trius
first
office
DemeBy the
he had
By
the second he
city.
Demetrius
also
against him,
wrote
who
to
letters
several
bishops
honoured.
he was
whom
and
282
ORIGEN,
CHAP VL
Origen
travels to Palestine,
Martyrdom. An
Writes
his
Exhortation to
his native
city,,
him.*
He
disciples,
and
Alexander
was here
cordially
also followed
who esteemed
Origen
his friends
welcomed
by many of
his
a peculiar privilege to be
it
Among
the rest,
the famous Gregory Thaumaturgus, and his brother Theognostus, attended his theological lectures,
exile,
Origen delivered
in
his
usual manner.
commenced a persecution
it;
and Origen
much
in the
admirable work
;."
course
Dr. Clarke
stiles
which he
this
(C
an
* A. D. 231,
its
excel-
283
ORIGEN.
(C
lence,
that
many
incited
it
the primitive
in
"
There
or
house, or brethren,
father, or mother,
is
no man
or
sisters,
or children, or lands,
or wife,
My
for
said to those
know
who
Abraham's seed
that ye are
ye
works
;'
so
it
be said
will
to
would
ye
Ambrose
;'
more
after
nued with
has laid
also lay
they will do
down His
down our
for ourselves,
and
our martyrdom/'
He
life
his
know
1
c
If
ye
his works.'
if
you had
conti-
Let
for us.
life,
do
If
so.
'
and,
And perhaps
and again,
;'
your children,
Abraham,
I will
for those
us,
therefore,
who may be
At length he
closes
but
edified
this
by
tract
cc
:
These things
according to
my
ability,
But
knowledge of the mysteries of religion, with which you are favoured, especially in
if
the abundant
to
I
your
case,
so that
284
ORIGEN.
observations of a child,
My
aim
my
assistance, but
may
no more than
it is
is,
and surpassing
excellent,
And
be obtained by what
it
I desire.
all
is
human
capacity, the
manner
io
this is to
to
friend,
<c
This
is
Such
interest.
exhortations
as
own private
these may be
some of the
and of our
tion
is
Origen
this
season of persecu^
his
where
Exhortation to Martyrdom^
many
emphatically entitled,
being
at
it
once the
The Work
regretted that
it
It is
and a pub-
much
this
to
be
immense pains
About
of the Church,
time,
would necessarily
and charge
of
to
transcribing
the
it.
285
ORIGEN.
his
have begun
to
On
years
five
brother
his
re-
their departure,
oration in praise
auditory
to
lightly,
and fervently
Spirit,
them.*
*
It
rate life of
Gregory Thaumaturgus,
man of eminent
piety
and superior
But finding so
talent.
ac-
counts which are given of him, he was induced to lay aside his
design.
The following
short abstract,
however,
may
not be
and educated by
superstitions.
we
are informed,
his parents,
On
who were
way
own
five years.
Some time
after
in Neocaesarea,
Pagans, in their
was born
On
Heathen
who had
Irritated
by
this
circumstance
the priest arrested our prelate, and threatened him with jmpri*
86
ORIGEN.
Should
be here asked,
it
gion
It
many odd
into so
fell
may be
himself,
it
notions in
is
reli-
a consider-
implored,
will
errors, yet
we
Spirit,
their
He
preserve
will
Origen's inquisitive
unaccountable,
and
explain
to
wrote on a
spirit?,
of paper,
slip
Gregory to Satan
EiasA^s.
" Tp^yop^o;
Enter."
and
evil
^oltclvo,'
it
is
added, the
became a Christian.
his priest
office,
he
is
said to
Christian.
died.
first
tui
When Gregory
when fervently
indubitably keep men from all fatal
But
his
incompetency
in
in
in a vision
from John
We
is
re-
which was
been the
built
by him
first edifice
Christian worship.
in
Neocsesarea,
He
is
said to
is
supposed to have
for the
Holy
Spirit
sole purpose of
were
in
Neocsesarea, at the
its
commencement.
things inexplicable.
ORIGEN.
287
cor-
responding" truth to
Hence,
to
evil,
made
out, as
for,
were,
it
The
mediate one.
all
womb
able,
till
truth
is
state,
purposely concealed;
is
hinder
known
Indeed
and
all is
con-
from the
is
it
is
length
at
to distinguish
we have
but a
it
we may grope
light,
little
what we want
find
and
inference.
gation
of
fall
Spirit,
will
the
investinot.
If
about, and
him
was
vain, because
and therefore
it
was
who have
turn
though
them
it
it
His curio-
realities.
his folly to
religious
indulge
men
of a speculative
gion
but,
it.
is
reli-
Arabia.
He was
288
ORIGEN.
Word.
Origen on
this
he performed
in
so
satisfactory
a manner that
esteemed him.
reflects equal
circumstance which
Beryllus,,
289
ORIGEN.
CHAPTER
The outward peace of
decline in piety.
He
the
Religion,
his
death.
it
seldom known
Origen writes
suffers severely
Dies a natural
VII.
to flourish
outward prosperity.
observed,
is
human nature
riance.
The
fied
at this
The
period.
of
Maxi min's
of religion.
professors
state
of religion
persecution,
lamentable declension of
in
veri-
was awfully
vital
had produced a
piety
amongst the
his
is
widely different
in the
two
first
centuries,,
later times
centuries,
we
Indeed,
if
we except
the
two
first
all
ages, endeavoured to
290
ORIGEN.
plainly.,
by
conduct, to
their
in
one of
his homilies,
cc
Several
any questions
till
the lecture
to the
is
dis-
themselves together in a
but entertain
diligently
em=
who
office
good success.
his usual
on the occasion, he
said to
is
were erroneous.
to
in
eight books,
in
of Origen
his
is
considered by
Du
This work
Adam
cc
he not only
overthrows the objections of Celsus, but destroys
their very foundation
religion, not
and
Clarke,
291
ORIGEN.
producing
facts
by
This
ciples.
remains of
is
prophecies
the
concerning"
of His dis-
lives
the
voluminous writer."
this
day than
in his
in the
occasionally
still
sick,
and
name
of
Christ.
grand internal evidences to the truth of Christi" We are induced/' says he, " to give
anity:
from noticing
and
in
which pervade
integrity
which there
is
no
deceit, or arti-
or cunning, or design."
In his
fifth
ever
conduct of
the
the
believer.
our thoughts,
being persecuted,
we
we
suffer
it;
we
and
bless
being defamed,
those
who
words,
being reviled,
of the only
world, and to
true
us.
We
men
to the ser-
exert
engage them
u2
to act in
all
respects
292
0RIGEN.
judged
'
who
corrupt the
Christian religion,
to
tions.
continually
increased,
that
it
now preached
is
there were a
thousand obstacles
God
all
to the
But
as
it
was the
will of
it,
the counsels of
defeated.
governors of provinces,
where strove
to depress
them
so
much
the more
He was
Ci
possessed
Who,"
he en-
Referring
cc
is
it
to
God? He
who were
in
bondage
to
He
might be received
ORIGEN.
by them as
was God
(lie
293
?"
beam of eternal
the
light,
the
unsullied mirror of
the
souls
He
also
and dedications
to
moulded
remarks,
God
are
con-
in
all
invisible
after
virtues,
who was
begotten God.
The
are the
of his
the
strongest
indications
genius, and
the
of
intensity
the
superiority
of his applica-
tion.
illustrious
incidents
is
unpurchaseable
the
meed
of
and
industry
talent.
Shortly
after
the
accession
of Decius
to
The
commit
their ravages
the
more
* A. D. 250,
294
ORIGEN.
from the
vile.
On
the
By
But
this
old
life.
the
followers
of
them from
sustaining
it
with
fortitude.
this
persecu-
tion.
distance for
many
wrote during
many devout
epistles
season of suffering.
this
C(
he
What
no
less truth
letters
than accuracy."
spared to our
displayed the
Christian, as
own
Unhappily these
lost.
much
with
of the
295
ORIGEN.
Pleasing'
is
ce
is
a book
Origen's sufferings,
He
fatal.
no account
It is to
of
the
Judging from
existence.
and from
severe,,
were not
have
though
resignation
his
be regretted that
closing
his
scene of
general
to
God
his
character,
moments were
we
his last
was most
those in which he
alive
if it
angel.
Of
virtuous
You
Origen died
his
his fate
man, you
On
see the
the
at
moment
owns her
Tyre,
to
friends
men."
in the seventieth
year of
He
talent, indefatiga-
reli-
and
little
sleep,
and
As a writer,
Jerome has remarked, he exceeded the most labo-
rious of the
and adds,
that to
296
ORIGEN.
would
willingly endure
with.
united
to
all
a naturally inquisitive
carried him
mind, at times
But
orthodoxy.
so far
was he from
intentionally
him
in
long
life
During a
also
splendid reputation.
Some
tageously
we
iC
who
love
of us and our
approve of;
of a
trial
whilst
performances than
others
calumniate
our
we
dis-
courses,
held.
it
Where
it is
mony
his
and we
Let us
proves, that
concurring
testi-
* Dr. Johnson,
29?
ORIGEX.
but
ries
ff
his
heart
and
his
portion
for ever."
298
CYPRIAN
CHAPTER
-His
on the vanity of
against the Jews,
If
tracts
we wish
lencies of
to
any
form a
idols^
fair estimate
individual
we
and testimonies
of the excel-
who
day,
is
The man
deserves a brighter
who merely
of general admiration.
mind we
shall
Bearing
this
in
first
We
to
had
299
CYPRIAN.
portion
cuous
in the religion
of the
first
century.
He
respectable parents.
tune,
in
life.
His
good
education
but
oratory, of which he
was
particular fort
his
was
a celebrated professor in
that
tin,
to
most of the
who were
well as to those
He
composed pleadings,
that he
also conceives,
very ostentatious
and
in his dress.
mentions
in
one
lc
of his
epistles)
without being
In
manner
this
his life,
did
many
irregular
passions,
was enslaved
to
The happy
arrived.
800
CYPRIAN.
name
As a token of respect
Cyprian assumed
father,
manifested
the
his
name; and
confidence he placed
in
Ceecilius
the inte-
by appoint-
From
to
relief.
in
the
first
ages of
we
birth to
it
in
we must admire
men freely to make
particular instances,
Cyprian's progress in
remarkable.
others,
steps,
he appears
To
CYPRIAN.
has sown.
lie
moment
after
no one seeks
No
for
rence of
if
ali
301
But
in
which he
him there was a concur-
we may venture
to affirm
what
will so
in
him,
hardly meet
in a manner, before
the seed-time; the vintage before the
grape was
budded and ripe fruit before the tree was
well
rooted in the ground."
;
Our purpose
quoting
in
to
this
passage
not to
is
seems
it
this distinguished
and
to
power and
which made the impure,
haughty, and ambitious Cyprian eminently
chaste^
humble, and spiritual.
efficacy of that religion,
We
the
may here
operations
of
that
Divine
The
painful
research
to
by a slow and
Pagan impurity
to
the
triumphant heights of
Each, however, was "equally
indebted to Divine mercy.
Conversion, if it be
but genuine, is alike the Spirit's work,
whether
effected by a long succession of intermediate
Christian
holiness.
causes.
302
CYPRIAN.
forgotten, that
gift,
is
It
a truth never to be
is
every good
gift,
Father of lights/*
He
considerable
volume of human
ance with
his
own
life
the
attention
had also
instructive
heart,
he was enabled
form
to
To
others.
adopt
to
be hard;
if
He
evils^
persisted in,
he had
felt.
nature, not as a
he never saw
but as one
lived in
with attention.
it
filled
And
him
his
way, when
and
his diligence in
303
CYPRIAN.
An
happy
mind
at this period.
It
of Cyprian's
state
whom
he
should
else
enjoy.*
am
my
aware,
You
turn
away your
fix
your affection
afraid that
My
expect.
them
upon me.
steadily
for
me
leads
abilities
unfruitful.
judicature
I will,
all
on
my
Let
side.
but
to anti-
am
and
you
when we speak
should be used.
but important;
faithful
and
sincere.
Thus
should
the
Divine
goodness be celebrated.
that which
it
collected
is
felt
before
is
learnt
which
is
not
instilled into
* Epistle to Donatus,
summary
is
teach-
304
CYPRIAN.
" Whilst
lay
in
my own
age, ignorant of
and
truth
and
light,
thing,
difficult
me
a most strange
my manners
then were, to
appeared
it
as
life,
to
obtain
necessary to salvation
be born again
namely, that a
man
as
should
new
to a
life,
and,
How
in
can
man
are
evils
How
fixed in us.
shall
And how
These
who
attire,
dress
shone
has
condescend
Can
in
'
purple,
and
costly
who was
he,
gold,
shall
honours of ambition,
with
the
and obscure?
So
delighted
live private
powerful are the allurements of vice, that intemwill necessarily invite, pride inflate,
perance
anger
and
delight,
lust
precipitate,
their former
votaries.
" These
attention,
errors,
reflections
for
engaged
from which
extricated.
frequently
Hence
it
in
my
many
possible to be
CYPRIAN.
of
ties
was
my
nature, and,
my
better,
305
my former
life
But
very
my
itself into
breast,
now
purified
and cleansed:
after that,
creature
and practicable.
born after the
flesh,
lived in the
bondage of
its
The
efficacy of baptism
the above passage from Cyprian to remark, that the fathers seem
to have supposed that a measure of spiritual grace generally
we have
rite
of baptism
u As many
true,
where there
manner
that
is
by us are
are led
by us
and
to a place
we were
306
"
CYPRIAN.
You know
and
as well as I do,
recollect,
life
own
speak
in one's
praise
is
odious
of virtue.
my
To
however,
that,
and
tullian, in his
it
who
ing of the
Holy
have
Spirit
Holy
the fore-
way for
the com-
accomplishes."
Spirit,
,at
after-
The
" As John,
unguarded language,
in rather
He
rite,
and making
own Church on
this subject,
and recommending
it
to the serious
Charge,
the establishment
<C
his
Lordship,
generally
as
and grace of
title
itself to
our accept-
would recommend
fruit.
But, at the
all
the
307
CYPRIAN.
So
of God.
to
all
now,
that
virtue of
we
if
it
arises
our present
in
Only
it.
who
we
state,
let
let
fear
us
take
beget carelessness,
Him
and the
lest
old
pardon received
enemy break
in
afresh.
tc
But
if
you walk
righteousness
do not
slide
heart and
if,
in the
if
your strength,
all
converted
all
once
made
little
progress
and
as not,
it is
'
will find
as
having
may have
by
therefore,
your
commenced, you
all
Charge
to his Clergy.
x2
SOS
CYPRIAN.
spirituality.
The Holy
is
as
gift,
Spirit,
confined to no limits,
Let our
much capacious
&s
faith
is
as
we
bring,
for
much
so
may have
the truth,
I will
of the world
a clearer mani-
by a discovery of
and
it.
evil state
remove the
Suppose your-
self for
the
va-
your escape."
Cyprian then proceeds to describe the vices and
the miseries of the world
solid
peace
" He
less
he
scene
lifts
is
up
he
is
his eyes
from earth
to heaven,
and
is
Such a man
CYPRIAN.
approaches
in his
justly glory,
great
who
in
is
that
human
309
thoughts near to
How
unshaken a protection
How
He
is
C(
and
firm
divine
shelter,
He
affairs, is
its
immor-
When we
destructive
see
enemy was
surely be the
we
shall
what we
shall
more compelled
to love
man.
It is
Only do you,
Himself.
fare
has
marked
whom
spiritual
for
preserve
Be
of Christian graces.
times hear
Him speak
to
Whom
diligent in
reading.
God
you.
let
at
other
Him
instruct
dispose
of you.
Let
Him
prayer and
310
CYPRIAN.
know
that your
and adorned
tion
own mind
that this
is
is
rather to be cultivated
in
when you
a temple, in
in
to dwell.
Let us
us illuminate
It will
age
nor
it
never
will
its
tarnished.
and
affords
this
remains
spotless,
fall
let
in culture
splendour eternal.
in
extinguished
it
It
can
never be
form
ore
its
ful
We
sistent with
of entertainment be incon-
Divine grace.
is
good,
entertainment,
spiritual
It
is
if
Cyprian composed
Idols,
and
his Treatise
his three
books
on the Vanity of
of Testimonies from
it
contains a
summary of
the principal
and
311
CYPRIAN.
them
in the pre-
This
is
God
Him.
Thus
first
their ancestors
Hence proceeded
Divine precepts.
and flourishing
the grandeur
state
came
to the
up with a vain
scat-
own
soil
land.
select for
more
faithful
Jews
sent to be the
He was
which the
gifts
lost.
foretold
by
all
even as
He is the
God He is His
virgin's womb;
God He
wisdom and
is
glory.
the reason of
He was
in the
Spirit,
having
He mingled Godhead
God He is the Christ,
with manhood.
He
is
our
312
CYPRIAN
it
to a
Father."
Cyprian's Testimonies against the Jews consist
of
little
it
for there
In the
own
is
first
fulfilled their
in the second,
The
an
affords
following
important, as
is
it
on that subject.
to
In Genesis
God
said to Jacob,
go up
Arise,
unto thee,
when
Isaiah
in
baoth,
The
Thus
of the Ethiopians,
stature, shall
be
Thy
saith the
men
.to
and there
is
Again,
Saviour.
it
not,
in the
is
Verily
O God
make
Thee,
in
Thou
art
of Israel, the
same author
The
Thee,
the Lord
of
voice
way of
God.
So
313
CYPRIAN
Psalm
in the xlivth
Thy
O God,
throne,
is
is
for ever
the sceptre
Psalm
lxviith
make
West
Sing
in the
to the
a
:
ing
to
the
Word was
So
So
in the
Thrust
be not
faithless,
and see
to the
My
to
God.
Thomas,
hands
and
but believing.
My
So Paul
Word was
Romans
were
men according
to
the
whose are the adoption, and glory, and the covenant, and the giving of the law, and the service,
whom
is
Christ after
God
the flesh,
fathers;
who
is
from
over
all
So in the Revelation
I am A and &, Tiie Beginning and The End.
I
will give unto him that thirsteth of the water of
things
He
life freely.
things,
and
God, and
that
overcometh
their inheritance;
He
shall
be
My
and
I will
be His
son."*
314
CYPRIAN.
CHAPTER
Cyprian
II.
is
of Rome
Cyprian's
them.
letters to
and zeal
Redeemer,
it is
up the
Bestower of
all
good.
He was
consequence
in
Little is
except what
quotation
"
is
stated
by Pontius,
in the
life,
annexed
Many
things/' he remarks,
known
degree of a presbyter
wherein, closely
fol-
by a scrupulous attention
to
"
It
was
his
ing particularly
commended by God,
to lead us to
315
CYPRIAN.
were referred
for instance,
to,
who
is
If Job,
so famous for
that,
by
following* his
we
example,
Job,'
above the
of his
loss
from
profit
was
raised so
fortune, and
much
derived such
his
exercise, as scarcely to
affliction
were able
to
religion.
break
his
spirit.
him
cert
trials.
No
ground,
its
shaken by any of
to with-
No
journey
ful
in to rescue.
their
God/
And
who
Thus
desire to
examples of
them
316
CYPRIAN.
into his
own
practice, he
became himself
a pattern
for imitation."
desire
Five
of the people.
however, opposed
election,
his
presbyters,
who afterwards
The prospect
He
no
satisfaction.
to
the discharge of
important duties
its
fill
in
the Church, as
Afterwards,
a station.
he
might
avoid
farther
dered impossible;
and
when he found
that
and ear-
at
retire,
in
order
solicitation.
;
length,
His
through much
How
claims Pontius,
(t
who
is
himself,'-'
able to relate
His pietv,
all
ex-
his
His \ery
admirable.
was
grave,,
His countenance
was
doubtful whether he
respect,
him.
though both
so
that
it
or
317
CYPRIAN.
maintaining a happy
nance,
renounced
his
medium.
He had
How
if
attentive
only a
catechumen, was so
who
are
rules of their
qualification."
No
alarming height
in
now
Christendom.
In consequence
many
heart-
less
of
arisen to an
the
Church,
who,
whilst
they
professed
to
much
covetous,
like their
and
Pagan neighbours
sensual.
ambitious,
the
most
open
religion.
The
his
Tract con-
West,
is
truly lamentable.
We
might
318
CYPRIAN.
immersed
Luxury
gain.
dress
in worldly
in
profane-
The
bitter
and malignant
mony.
their flocks,
Covetous,
they travelled
Thus
acri-
through
and gain.
menced
in
com-
now advanced
had
Christian
fidelity,
and
to restore the
Church
to its
former purity.
The
government, so oppressive
anew
to them,
system of
office,
was indeed
* A. D. 249^
his
most inveterate
319
CYPRIAN.
enemy of
Christianity
possible,
to
exterminate
Daring
earth.
its
death
trates,
if
exile or
by
Rome were
prevented,
So
election.
great,
indeed,
was
it
new
enmity of
the
was supposed he
For some
to
name
theless,
Africa than in
other places.
the
less fierce in
many
it
deserved
Never-
on the
first
the informers
and
rous to
be
all
Too nume-
At
first
support his
consolatory and
The
Rome.
that Cyprian,
the lions;
it
became necessary
for
him to
retire
320
CYPRIAN.
crown of martyrdom.
Thus circumstanced, he
He was
for,
satisfactorily
Christians, which
were espe-
ic
crowned with
and
selves to the
ship
festivals,
seemed
If the
afflicted
its
banks;
if
if
the tem-
* A. D. 200.
who were
321
CYPRIAN.
had
at length
not
among
provoked the
justice.
Divii.
It
was
served
was not
it
in
clamours of
tient
The impa-
could be heard.
the
denounced the
multitude
them
to the
doomed
new
mence
and
sectaries,
apprehended
instantly
not his
or
watching
his
<c
fering Churches.
cc
serves,
spirit
in
among them."
Absent
and
Many
with
unabated
own and
other suf-
over,
in
person,"
in advice
was active
and are
We
wisdom.
the
the
he ob-
presbyters
answer
to
of
Rome
to his
own Church,
to that
in
com-
and even
pastors,
the
Roman
Empire*
322
at
CYPRIAN.
Rome,
faith
all
the pains of
We
cc
cc
most
beloved
for
if
only
but,
from us
duties,
to
Nor
would be,
to
be
by
it
totally
subverted
lives
we have
for
before
We
evil.
them
to stand
in the faith,
up
and
to
be prepared to
to sacrifice.
ic
do,
You
in order
that those
who have
fallen
to
may be
again apprehended,
to confess
desire
to
it,
are driven
advise you,
sick, those in
prison,
is
and those
We
Saviour, and
widows, the
office
their
to
And
those
The
who
to
be
whose
323
CYPRIAN.
"
May
trust in
who
all
all
be found occu-
The
who
brethren
and
all
who
We beseech
call
you
upon the
in return to
same
spirit,
to
He
due subordination
to their teachers
cautions the
and
(what
will
human
heart,
He
'
fleshly lusts,
even mentions
who had
and death
itself,
had afterwards
fallen.
letters will
unfold
The
following salu-
ment
* Epis.
y2
8.
324:
CYPRIAN,
" Being
I salute
God,
of your safety.
my
faith,
and by the
affairs
conjure
of religion, to
ties
also,
pline or diligence.
who
supplied,
sion
beg
respects disci-
it
and avowal of
their
whole
ecclesiastical
fund
is
in
the hands
number may
have
in their
it
power
to relieve the
of the
wants of
indi-
viduals.
iC
beg
means
tial
that
you
further, that
to
you
will
our
who may
and
chari-
tably
wish to
whom
do
visit
this cautiously,
and not
in
crowds,
lest
any
ought
to
vants of
In
all
things
we
God
to
our people.
(C
you
all
us.
Salute
prosperity,
all
the brethren.
Victor,
for,
to
I wish
remember
the deacon,
325
CYPRIAN.
Fare-
you.
salute
us,
well."*
The
and deacons of
his
age
4f
cipline, as
them
dis-
and be as exemplary
conduct, as
in
the
in
in
will at length
'
Praise no
Be thou
crown of
man
faithful
life ;'+
imitate
the
The
;'-f
I will
written,
and again,
give thee a
e
He
that
be saved/
shall
it is
also saith,
faith.
things to the
all
He washed
at the
eve of
His disciples'
feet.
* Epis. 5.
t Rey.
ii.
+ Ecclus.
10.
nor did
xi. 28.
Matt. x. 22.
his
ele-
326
CYPRIAN.
The
more
indeed,
upon
who
season now,
them
to stand
their
is
particularly requires
instil
who have
The Lord
to see my
them.
shortly be permitted
grant that I
may
have acquired.
<f
am
the confessors
insolently
idly,
foolishly,
and
in so
scandalous
is
worthy of the
Church
will
to be
ashamed,
As
which
my
thing by myself.
the episcopal
From my
office, I
first
appointment to
When, by
327
CYPRIAN.
returned to you.
we
together."*
In another letter, after having strongly urged
the great importance
and
spirit of unity
cultivating a
of Christians
love,
cc
:
when
He
we may
He
peace which
Church
return to the
make greater
to
in
His mercy
has promised,
as
and the
ceive,
as
he adds,
c:
'
My
has graciously
from them.'
if
God
shall receive
and
it
shall
let
us knock
for to
him
He
is
the exami-
He
us to be sifted
and
tried
* Epis. 14.
but
+ Epis. 13.
328
CYPRIAN.
His help in
lift
trials
up our eyes
who
from those
believe.
If
Let each
us.
by the Lord.
Let us
He
we have been
shall
instructed
observe us to be peace-
corrections,
He
of the enemy
rection
we
will
and
as
shall receive
His pardon.
let
us behave like
who
of such as are
in danger
still
men
and genuine
placed between
between a multitude
pestilence/'*
faith,
cor-
Let us only
Epis. 11,
the
329
CYPRIAN,
CHAPTER
Cyprian's joy on
boldness of the martyrs. He laments the
III.
at
Carthage.
The
Church of
Rome
writes to
him respecting
the
lapsed.
The
truly tremendous.
number
now become
of apostates
We learn
others
were scourged,
and
by the
tortured
from
in their
body
whilst
them
to apostatize.
many
rejoiced greatly,
such persecutions,
330
CYPRIAN.
away, by their
faith
He
children.
ing-
quering"
His
in
and
servants,
"
But
his feel-
in his
own
is
present in the
encouraging,
strengthening,
glorious encounter:
them
affording
words.
and con-
fighting,
<:
of her
He
Towards
us."
in
the
always overcomes
conclusion
of
same
the
were preparing
dom
cc
:
If,
in
through
the
crown of martyr-
mercy of God,
peace
trial,
yet
Let none
to their
Lord
If the
Lord
be
sufficient to
you are
thren,
The
safer
immediately
victory
Wherefore,
solicitous.
glorious.
God
is
truly
that
my
dearest bre-
honourable and
to
is
that which,
after
still
to
331
CYPRIAN.
is
God
has
in
but
white by the active piety of our brethren
her
she is now clothed in purple by the blood of
in
martyrs.
Wherefore
are conspicuous.
let
lily
each of us con-
"*
and
them recommendatory
without
This
conduct excited
degree of indignation
he
letters
in
commu-
Cyprian
confessed
that
some c
their
unprecedented
* Epis. 10.
i Epis. 16.
332
CYPRIAN.
who had
"
Were
who had
those
speech
fail
him
cc
Did not
How
his
Did not
tongue cleave
who had
have
fled
wretch
altar;
from
it
salvation
in
little
Was
Unhappy
sacrifice,
when
those fatal
continues,
ec
sins
impose
upon,
or deceive
No
whom God
fires.
Mercy belongs
pardon
God
on which he
pile,
with abhorrence
his
to the
sins,
delivered
who
up
suffered for
himself.
one can
He
alone,
our sakes,
occasion, to
have been
333
CYPRIAN.
Pride
highly culpable.
is
every bosom
It is well for
them as
inmate of
the native
feel
its
is
workings.
One, who
The
blood
But
for this
friendly
at
Rome.
In one
trying situation
most
his
We
letter
;
and
Each
Rome
is
deserv-
of Pope, or father, and at the same time addresses him with the
Cimiliar appellation of brother.
384
CYPRIAN.
yet the weight of our sorrow
fiicted us,
is
considera-
You
repressed their
them
tural
presumption
to repentance,
way of
that, at
we
Indeed
salvation.
are astonished
and
present,
great,
have properly
and, by exhorting
and
when
especially
their
apostasy
their crime
was so
scandalous,
so
they
Church
to implore
their
cc
it
and even
as a grace,
Never
as a right than
cease, brother,
in
in
to affirm
that
heaven.
lapsed
is still
ing; but
will
may
we
fresh,
and
its
of the physician.
subside,
will
then be
thankful for that delay which was absolutely necessary for a wholesome cure, unless officious persons
In another
their
own
letter, after
safety.'
who had
fallen,
Epis. 36.
cc
Let us com-
335
CYPRIAN.
fort,
fortify,
supplications.
its
it
Church,
armed with
sound a charge.
deed,
in-
armed against
against
the
but
their
Church,
let
adversary,
which
fell."*
* Epis. 30.
the
mourns
devil,
for
not
their
336
CYPRIAN.
CHAPTER
Cyprian returns
to
Carthage.
IV.
Finds
Church
his
rent
tract
On
affairs
in
Cyprian re-
His Church by
turned to Carthage.*
was
cessation of
a most miserable
Many
state.
time
this
of her
mem-
numbers of those
that
The
conduct of
five
presbyters,
for
was
immoral conduct.
At
by a considerable party.
and
To
iC
is
a restless
spirit in
is
there
A. D. 251.
337
CYPRIAN.
of a
new
He
posals.
will
if
where
instead of being,
it
generally
is,
within him.
will
how
this sort,
prevent them.
to
the apostle
divisions of
To divide
martyrdom
is
among
is
the spirit of
to
in
called
manifest such
to
who were
and, through
The
people.
all
settled, in a council at
Cyprian and
338
CYPRIAN.
lead them' to
Fortimatus and
admission.
sunk
time
into
flock
insignificance.
was restored
authority
bis
Cyprian's just
among
his
Church of Rome,
own
his people.
division,
in the
least
place
little
his
in
in
him
in the
He
is
now
new
mean time Novatus,*
In the
The
Novatus.
by
1.
*2.
This presbyter of
Rome
is
writers.
There are
still
remaining
in
Lardner
name was
this laborious
Greek
Roman
The
this
head.
If his
name was
called Novatianists
tian; whereas
5.
many were
name of
this
Nova-
called Novatus.
to
339
CYPRIAN.
Roman
presbyter,
grew high
in the
rally
man
in his
esteem of
He
is
gene-
of genuine piety,
ideas of discipline,
Two
parties
ject:
was
by far the
sub-
this
more nume-
The consequence
was,
former,
was>
in
latter.
council
moment
to his
opinion,
have
it
that his
own
viz.
that his
name
is
always
Rome and
Rome Novatian,
of the disturbances at
the presbyter of
if
of,
than to
call
one
many
other Latin
treats at large
on each of these
z2
topics.
xlvii,
340
CYPRIAN*
Consciousness of power on
on
the
prevented
other,
a coalescence
of the
parties.
On
this occasion
to say, that
of
necessary
It is scarcely
Novatus and
his party
Roman Church
as giving
So
and
far all
was suitable
to the
wisdom, gravity,
Irritated in
But, alas
the course of
and vehement
liarities
in
that union
fit
to
Hinc
bella,
horrida bella.
From hence
341
CYPRIAN.
built
in the main,
and
rules.
in
lives
other respects,
The combatants on
God and
of
truth
the pretence
in
is
specious
but
who
it
own
The honour
cause.
and
What
test.
wounded
fierce invective,
in.
who
sup-
God
print, in
and
truth.
truly godly,
who had no
but
remember
titles
have met
mortifying remark,
to
of
the
after giving
'
Will these
spiritual gladiators
never cease
It
work,
during
this
342
cyprian:
period,
do not always attend to- that the man who opposes error in an unhallowed spirit
in
is
danger of
is
endea-
vouring- to obviate.
Church
the
is
from the
rated
alien,
infidel,
that
man
the
Church
to
He who
promises.
have
for
God
mother.
his
may he hope
pale
of the
Spirit,
And
in
celestial
in
is
out
of
the
the
Divine
sacraments,
substan-
and cemented by
nature,
may be severed
an
written,
it is
is
If
who
He
Church.
suitable caution,
are one/
escape
to
the
impossible for
It is
sepa-
leaves
an enemy.
is
in the
Churchy
collision of opposite
which
is
necessary to salvation/'
* Cyprian,
John
7. 7.
o 43
CYPRIAN.
Thus we
find a great
contracted bigot.
ing schism
to
It
is
to
them
confirm
In
their
unreasonable separation.
regulate
his
zeal
in
behalf of what
he
to
what ap-
Some
circumstances,
however,
may
fairly
be
own
nent character
After
all,
it
must be acknow-
he was
not strive
patient
in
of.
all
men, apt
to teach,
themselves/'*
* 2 Tim.
ii.
24, 25,
344
CYPRIAN.
It is
Cyprian composed
Prayer.
by an
This
ner,
The annexed
observations.
and
truly spiritual
for
in
is
his
tract,
inflated style,
mysticism,
252
its
characteristic
defects.
Thy
will be
heaven, he continues,
done on earth as
ie
it is
in
farther interpretation
in
them
The
we know,
disciples,
man
second of heaven.
ple of
rise
sal-
God
on the
to
the Father,
evil
to
God
is
done
the interests of
in
heaven, that
sequence of our
faith, are
i
all.
is,
As
the will of
in us who., in
of heaven
con-
so also
we
345
CYPRIAN.
is,
in
be done on earth
who from
they
God may
may, by
so thai
Spirit,
become
heavenly.
may be understood
sense
to
Christ
us.
He
but
is
say,
This petition
be useful
life
we
our prayer,
in
is,
not so
blessing-, will
to
all,
but to us only.
Him
so
we
He
in
call this
is
our Bread
nourishment of our
for the
souls,
should,
by the
commission
communication, be
far
of salvation."
Towards
and
the
by remarkable events
descent of
the
Holy
and
the third
Spirit
the
Church
hour,
by
sixth,
by
Christian
3i6
CYPRIAN.
away
in
quickened.
then adds, " But for us,
He
my beloved brethren,
The morn-
is
because
celebrated by prayer.
we must again
ends,
since Christ
offer
is
us,
and
that the
of eternal light.
Christians,
And when
God.
course,
those
ren
it
who
night returns in
can bring no
evil in its
is
the light,
gloomy shades
;
to
it,
who
now
abide
beloved brethren,
the
appointed
its
in
who
darkness; but
let
us,
my
spiritually
renewed, we
employment
in
the
317
CYPRIAN.
interrupt the
in
the
we
to
day.
even
night
shail hereafter
Cod,,
ourselves
and
in
to
thanksgiving."
as
shall
be no night
day
the
and since
always be engaged
praising Him,
unintermitted
let
acts
us
of
in
praying
here enure
prayer
and
348
CYPRIAN.
CHAPTER
V.
Cyprian congratulates the Church of Rome on its constancy during the persecution of G alius.
He writes on
a similar occasion
to
another
Church. His
Tract
to
Demetrian.
The gleam
year
throne,
commenced
Christians,
sided at
and especially against those who reAn extract from a letter of Cyprian
Rome.
to their bishop
on
this
We
if
we
we have
but one Church, one mind, and one common intetakers of your deserved applause.
rest,
what bishop
rejoices
For
as
own ?
Or what brethren
do not every where exult in the common joy of
We cannot express how great
their fraternity?
349
CYPRIAN.
numbers
we
which most
admired
in
The courage
way was
publicly
in follow-
is
the whole
joined in
the
The
confession.
the
or the har-
faith,
of the brethren.
so
Thus
celebrate,
to
leading the
you stimulate
to glory
to
are at a loss
alacrity
to
that while
Whilst
among
you,
said to
have
blessed
apostle
in
your forefathers
to excite
you
" With
attack
to imitate them.
made
his
He
fancied that
God
soldiers,
find
whom
them
like
he could
easily
conquered
that in
350
CYPRIAN.
aggressors,
because
though innocent,
up
readily give
not lawful
is
it
and
their
own
hearts'
for
them,
that they
blood in order to
full
of wick-
What
<c
was
a gallant spectacle
What
under the
this
a source of joy to
enemy
the
the whole
their
who
glorious confession,
now be
their
former misconduct.
their
Their previous
fall
for
may
justly considered as
fear of
For my own
has pleased
God
approaching
my
part,
my
and
it,
celestial
of our
fasting,
arms, which
These
by watching,
me
it
stancy
graciously to admonish
trial,
and prayers.
crown of martyrdom.
are
still
our
spiritual
351
CYPRIAN.
fortresses,
which
security.
us
afford
us
our
relieve
and
pressures
And whosoever
mutual charity.
affection be
sisters,
still
by
distresses
of us shall
first
let
our
in
Dearest brother,
for them.
No
our
in
you.
and
protection
prayers.
let
will
my
Farewell."*
ful display
this
wonder-
Animated by the
Cyprian
and death
congratulation,
itself,
when instrumental
in
effecting so
suffering
Church, he
important an object!
In
another
writes,
cc
No
to
letter
one
is
alone
presence.
assailed
who
The
by robbers,
is
may,
be
indeed,
among the
may be afflicted by
he may be drowned
or wild beasts,
he
a tempest at sea
or whose heart,
Christian
in
in his retreat;
His
* Epis. 60.
soldier,
all
the
and
is
352
CYPRIAN.
He
which
Nor
is
the glory of
suffer publicly
he
still
The
the
Lord
adjudge
shall
to
my
O how
them
their several
rewards
gracious
What
glory
God
to
all
salute
to send the
What
joy
to
Abraham,
to
to the
bestow on us
and
piety.
be admitted
to see
retribution of our
faith
Isaac,
tyrs
which
be assigned us
in
wrote
his
Tract
to
of the Christians.
Cyprian's.
in
this
The
style
Having exposed
truly
Pagans
own
awful condition as
them
to
em-
* Epis. 58,
SbS
CYPRIAN.
terrors of the
remember
that
prison, a
of supplicants
punishnot
will
We
offer
cause
and
security
we
we exhort
in tins
world, to
We
of true religion.
tages, nor do
We
God.
the
the mercies of
and
us,
by directing you
Believe
and
live
to the
paths
place for
taining
repentance
with
reconciliation
tire fruit
eternal salvation.
of faith, provision
Nor
let
man remains
mercy
is
No
life
is
is
made
for
anyone be discouraged,
obtain salvation.
Here
God.
God and
repentance
in this world.
from seeking to
is
The
door of Divine
is
easy to
CYPRIAN.
354t
who
those
exit of
diligently seek
and
faith,
confesses his
goodness
may
living;
for
pardon
is
granted to him
who
and thus
This advantage
immortality.
and
is
sins,
sin,
man
blessed
the very
in
life,
Even
it.
is
This
Christ.
derived
is
He
blood,
Father,
them a
He
reconciled
and quickened
the dead,
celestial regeneration.
follow
man
Let us
Him,
let us
roll,
He
all
the
obtaining for
be possi-
if it
be found on His
ble,
all
God
to
He
opens to
us the
way
will at
of
life
restores us to Paradise,
and
shall
bloody
live
we
355
C\PRIAN.
CHAPTER
A dreadful
VI.
on the
occasion. His
makes a
collection
Treatise
Ci/priarfs conduct
on Mortality. He
captives.
The
During the
Roman
in Africa,
by
this
by
whole
Ter-
families.
dead
to
remain unburied
in the streets.
Christianity.
tiated
them, that
than
He
He
pointed out to
kindness to their
own
that
* A. D. 252.
2 a 2
356
CYPRIAN.
venly Father,
who makes
his
sun
on the
to rise
evil
who
of God,
son
himself a
professes
ought
to
and not
We
our birth,
to
but be
active benevolence.
He was
the
first
to practise
M Beside
And
life
was
laid.
stood.
lied
At
his controul
And
Animated by
tians
his advice
whispered
to raise,
praise."
cording
dis-
ability
still
more
lives.
Their Pagan
357
CYPRIAN.
their
own
selfishness
and inhumanity.
Cyprian,
desirous
improving' every
of
event,
wrote on
present
life;
of
brethren,
The kingdom
just
is
who
hand.
at
of God, my
The reward
life,
ness,
lc
forfeited,
world
is
ries are
approaching to
us,
now
the
that
passing away.
What
trifles.
who
but he
is
is
deficient
He
unwilling to go to
who
c
written
Him.
If then
It
you
called to
be with Christ,
fully relying
on the pro-
come
we
shall
but in this
we
tranquillity,
experience
and per-
in the
world
358
CYPRIAN.
How
parture.
on
this
very head
'
Ye
shall
;
and ve
be sorrowful,
shall
Who
Who
would
to
to see Christ
is
rejoice,
to
and
true joy
see
and
pressures, troubles,
since,
be
to
tears,
Since then
we do
till
what blindwith
in love
the
be taken away.
c<
the
cross
To
because
it
life
is
dreads eternal
a desirable object,
Wherefore, as the
of
servants
removal.
The
obnoxious
such an one
mortality
Spirit, is
flames.
present
die,
God
does
it
so
afford
to
the
a salutary
of punishment.
Believers
state of security
their
doom.
<e
May we
gracious purposes
mortality.
to accomplish
Through
distress, the
in
God
has
a season of
359
CYPRIAN.
are awakened, the
tates are
are
induced
to
to the
Many
believe.
God
servants of
slothful
brought back
and
old
faithful
enlisted
per habitation,
will
and restore us
Who
country
Our
not
hasten
country, so
let
to
that sojourns in
return to his
to
us
Paradise
deem
is
it,
radise,
thers.
pect
Our
us.
our arrival
of their
and
own
to us,
What
great will be
when we
licity
there
see
the
be the pleasures of
will
we
kingdoms, where
fear
of dying
shall live
What
those heavenly
eternally without
the
in food
and
trials
triumphant virgins
filled
for
How
ours.
fa-
friends ex-
sons, long
parents, brothers,
Pa-
sufferings
crowned with
there chaste
and benefaction
to
ciously rewarded,
riches, in
360
CYPRIAN.
To
with
and the
He
settled
is
faith.
will
Him."
hasten
avidity.
all
my
these,
to Christ, let us
short
time after
this
and
was again
called into
savages, having
exercise.
his
Some
people
hoards of
made an
He
country,
in
brethren,
captive
his
which
he
forwarded
shops of Numidia.
this occasion
will
be best described
in
his
own
words.
we
wrote to us
in
and
sisters.
brother as
members
heartfelt sorrow,
Who
is
weak, and
on
considering the
The apostle
his own ?
If one member suffer, all
it
and if one member re-
'
suffer with
members
his tears
rejoice
am
with
not weak
it ;'
?'
and again,
We
should
36
CVPRIAN
we
since
are
incorpo-
all
He
afterwards
We
"
adds,
have
agreed,
all
ligion
at
vine a work
prompts us
times
all
aggravated
of
was
cir-
Whereas
affliction.
gospel,
in his
re-
perform so Di-
to
cumstances
Our
our brethren
and ye
sick
!'
must
Him
honourable for
us,
was
a slave
fetters
to
my
slaverv
We
indeed
feel
of our
fields,
hope
harvest.
We
in
in
judgment
in
your
a
solicitude,
work
and
to
for adin so
ex-
expectation of an abundant
belonging
!'
in
and necessary
fruitful
to say,
the day of
in
mitting us to share
cellent
be for
geon of
*
it
my
church, which
you
and people
will
to above
take
780L
so
in ours,
S62
CYPRIAN.
We hear-
tily
ture,
God from
If,
heartily unite
of our faith
trial
affliction
similar ca-
and
rest as-
our brethren
all
will
contributions/'*
Thus
which pervades
this
letter
shews
us
from what
fail
We
may
observe, in
all
himself,
He
is
The
ful-
be the
to
that of his
* Epis. 62.
363
CYPRIAN.
will
to
to
will
naturally
noticed, whilst
secretary of Cyprian,
accustomed
we have
Cyprian.
and
who long
relate, that
The
my
master,'
meaning thereby
to
him,
that author.
Bring me
364
CYPRIAN,
CHAPTER
Ci/prian
attends
Curiibis.
He
His
returns to
do?n,
and
different councils.
letter
to
He
Carthage. His
the
first
mines.
condemnation, martyr-
approbation.
The
many marks
of public
banished te
is
character.
During
them
VII.
to
filled
with
be their friend
and protector.
Nothing remarkable
1
is
mentioned of Cyprian
individuals
to
to
the
to
various
seem
wrote several
some of which
by Cyprian.
365
CYPRIAN.
first,
it
probable that
is
all
but, in
com-
office
the course of a
mon
who
the bishops
little
command
who seemed
prelate
to a
to
in
abilities.
origin appeared
its
most injurious
to
it.
The
own
dignity
lofty titles of
Nor
stop here.
own see to
Hence originated,
his
dignity
peculiar
in
after ages,
brated
cities in
Christendom
and respect.
the
feuds
and
and hence
at length
own
po-
re-
importance, and
its
its
it
infants might
866
CYPRIAN.
their
eighth, according
cision.
The
council
to wait
the
till
the
to
unanimously
adopted
who appears
to
the
former opinion.
In a letter to Fid us,
name
have conthe
in
vations.
not, as
but, according
to
the time appointed by the law for circumcision, receive the sanctifi cation of baptism on the eighth
day
we were
all
We
God ought
For
of
since the
man
is
Lord
save them/
as far as in us lies,
His gospel,
says, in
ought not
to
we
lost.
remission of sins
they
but to
Spiritual circum-
Moreover,
is
be
lives,
to
The Son
debarred, who,
is
much
prohibited from
less
bap-
ought an infant
can be
of
the
his
first
original
367
CYPRIAN.
Our
death*.
decision,
in
bited by us from
who
And as
this rite is generally to be observed
so we think
it especially regards new-born
infants, who have
merciful, kind,
is
and loving,
to
all.
more
affecting claims
mercy, because
in that early
The
and
tears. "f
portant, as
is
im-
it
men
trial
question
is
it is
all
this holy
none contradicted
right to baptize
Before
this
but whe-
them immediately, or on
Without a
single
negative they
assembly a
baptized at
ther
who have
if
This
The
disputes
368
cVpiuan.
The number
very great.
practice
apostolical
marked.
Among*
To me
it
this
appears impossible
to
re-
account
nued
it
first
churches."*
spirit
of Valerian
still
conti-
reflects
no honour on Cyprian
The
question
Church ought
ject there
to
acknowledged the
it
this
sub-
one party, at
bishop of
Rome,
were performed
On
be re-baptized.
in the
name
and the
other,
consisting
of
its
efficacy.
The
latter senti-
maintained
baptism performed by
void
those
and
insisted
who had
admission
into
communion
of
the
Church.
* History of the Church of Christ.
general
369
CYPRIAN.
The
different suffrages
retained
To
Cyprian's works.
in
still
the professed
may he
the whole
interesting
of readers
will
same time
entertained,,
probably be
satisfied,
and
at the
them.
I
know
Church
any out of
it is
III.-Poli/carp, of Adrametum.
They who
IX.
My
upon
Nicomedes, of Segermce.
opinion
is,
out of
it
Church, because
the remission of
their sins.
Church by
sins
as
it
in
the
washes away
when
polluted, and,
so does
it
increase them,
Wherefore we ought
induce those,
who
to use
all
pacific
means
to
2 B
370
CYPRIAN.
dom
of heaven.
XXXYIl. Vincentius,
We are
of Thibaris.
Heathens.
therefore,,
If,
we have an unerring
My
them
saying,
name, and
cc
place,
iS
Go
in the
ye,
Go
in
rule
charge
to
to
His
And
and teach
name
to
come
all
in
another
nations, baptizing
know
in
their
baptism
way of
of no other lawful
their
and
being ad-
mitted.
LX.
Rogatianus, of Nova.
of
heresy.
Satan be
Christ
How
entitled
then
to
can
administer the
much
had.
synagogue
of
baptism of
LXX. Verulns,
the
less
of Rusiccade.
lost
possess,
what he once
371
CYPRIAN.
LXXXVII. Cyprian,
The
letter
Jubaianus,
which
fully
of Carthage.
my
expresses
on
authority both
the
should,
of
and
to the
may become
Church
friends,
The
Roman
Censor.
ill
was
suited
In the former
princes
In the
of an attachment
last
three years
and
of Macrianus,*
Our
African prelate,
the ra-
* This worthless
minister,
who
Eusebius,
magical practices
orgies he
new-born
and
with.
2b2
372
CYPRIAN.
of comparative
station,
lenity,
seemed
as the
year 257,
summoned Cyprian
He
his council-chamber.
to
in
which he had
doned the
Roman
religion
should
immediately
to
fk
am
whom
I offer
up
On
being threatened
my
lawful
with banish-
enquired, where
they
might
find his
presbyters.
the privi-
cc
to
"They
ought
be discovered by
373
CYPRIAN.
princes/'
exclaimed
that Christians
whoever breaks
c
Paternus,
and
Do what you
are directed/'
Cyprian.
The
hurt him.
who by
the man,
esteemed
in Africa,
and
talents
this
on account of
benevolence.
active
made some
attempts to work on his
therefore,
CurubiS,
small
Many
Carthage.
additional
fears,
town,
his
commanding
After
and
having",
ineffectual
he banished him to
about
fifty
miles from
mitigations, however,
accompa-
was accommodated with private lodgings. His solitude was also frequently enlivened by the letters,
visits,
in
faithful.
exile,
he was
priests
in-
and
in
Always ready
for the
them on
from
it
this
occasion.
The
letter
to
following extract
and piety of
the writer.
"
to you, blessed
me
and beloved
to visit
and em=
374
CYPRIAN.
name
tain boundaries
I
my
but, in such
my company.
give you
to visit
spirit
confession of the
for the
you
and
in person,
and
affection,
will
endeavour
of love.
How
glorious
things of
can I be
silent,
my
am
able^
in
express
to
How
letter
you
as 1
my
manner
do
communion
the
when
hear such
whom
brethren,
dearest
exult
partner with
Some of
confined in
and constancy,
the
at
in their fortitude
bound
will here-
The
you
happy
heaven.
its
In the mines
and consolation.
no baths,
in
but Christ
Your limbs,
punishment so
to lie
which
lie
is
your
rest
down with
to
Christ.
wash your
it is
You
defiled limbs
spiritually cleansed
no
have
;
from
but
all
375
CYPRIAN.
Your
but man
at present
pollution.
allowance of bread
scanty
You
on Christ
hair
is
who
but he
has put
The
appearance
but
your head,
Christ,
head
since the
How
man
of the
name
is
of the
How
and transient
short
will this
punishment be exchanged
reward of
for a bright
eternal glory,
body, that
it
body/'*
On
the arrival of
new
proconsul, Galerius
from banishment
recalled
own
he soon
heard that the rage of the persecution was becoming more violent in the
ing that
it
Roman
capital
its
and, expect-
desolating fury
to the
in all places
Oxford
life.
edition,
intelli-
among
which
is
the
the one
376
CYPRIAN.
themselves against
it
might be prepared
to
arm
meet
At length,
first
xactly
eminence of
his
Cyprian was
at
inclined lo
first
safety by flight.
Conscious
in Africa.
But judging
it
earliest victims,
provide
his
improper, under
residence,
for
in
usual
exhorting and
to
be taken
He
in his
garden by two
officers
who
conducted him to
in
examine him.
greatest courtesy.
He was
\n
vided for
him; and
allowed
filled
to
his
Christian
friends
were
all
night, in anxious
and
On
the
377
CYPRIAN
him
" I
commanded him
his
to oiler sacrifices,
situa-
and pressed
judge better
consult your
to
<e
My
safety,
"
You
whom
must, then,"
example
to the
to
strength/'
is
and not
my
safety and
ever."
serve for
desire to
him
name and
He
Rome, and
as the chief
minal association,
which
and ringleader of a
lie
cri-
who were
The
We
scene that
now
followed
was apparent
in
may more
The
who have no
but
hope.
it
it
be
Keen was
the
easily
deepest dejection
every countenance.
final,
bid-
indeed,
ray
that surrounded
Faith
378
CYPRIAN.
when
As soon
all
sighing" flee
as the sentence
away
for ever.
tri-
the
neighbourhood of the
city,
in
surrounded with
trees.
Immediately on
bled.
his arrival
Cyprian took
off
who were
prayer.
The
to
that five
to the
executioner
and shortly
after,
with one
Christians
bourhood
tyrdom
of
in
it
Pagans.
the
removed
wards buried
fifty
of
curiosity
it
At
length
the
Carthage.
in the year of
Cyprian
suffered
mar-
eight.
Thus terminated the earthly career of this emiFrom the gentle manner of his
nent father.
martyrdom, and the respectful treatment that was
* See Acts of
his
379
CYPRIAN.
of
both
Christians,
Europe and
in
Augustine informs
as
Amongst
enemies.
his
after ages,
in
us,
the
Christ,
the
he was
Africa,
and
we may
commanded
trial,
that he
veneration
the
preceding
his
Called to
as he himself remarks,
te
life
and
employed
promoting the
in
living
heretical professors,
tered,
among
and
his
his
cause of
own
people,
Agitated by labours
in distant countries.
afflictions,
but also
his spirit
was
at times embit-
liberal
As a bishop,
at the
and
activity
same time
his
attention to discipline
extremes of negligent
cc
was
his
In fine/'
celebrated
(C
if he had not been a
admirers and biographers,
Christian, one might have held him forth to the
if it
capacious
in a
mind,
high degree
380
CYPRIAN.
of perfection
in
their
virtues,
nature, and
consistence
in
the
too,
same subject
for
in
firm
example,
all,
zeal
and
cretion/'*
dis-
381
DIONYSIUS,
BISHOP OF ALEXANDRIA.
CHAPTER
I.
wards bishop.
the reign
secution.
and
the
His
of Philip.
He
retires
on
the
heretical
Novation schism,
baptism.
He
is
The farther we
proceed
in
in doctrine
In-
we
by the unhallowed
faith,
and the
early
predecessors, in
too
many
instances.
382
DIONYSIUS.
lowered down
to the
Heathen neighbours.
ciples,
however,
(i
of Jerome,)
Lord was
whom
;"
men who
nature
was
lively
real religion
is
inva-
Christianity
faith
dis-
they belonged,
riable in
some
still
in
still
and vigorous
There were
(to
the
manners of the
it is
Among
always
persons of
Author.
subject of
filled
an important station in
and by
his
own
what proficiency a
may make
in the
cc
fallen
but
renewed creature,
Dionysius
is
native of Alexandria
is
not known.
He
is
said to
his birth
whom
illustrious
Origen,
branches of literature.
We have
under
in various
no information
383
DIONYSIUS.
respecting* the time
to Christianity,
and manner of
his conversion
fully reading-
he was converted
his hands,
to
His
to the faith.
life,
reality
and genuineness of
his piety.
Origen
in the
that place.
Dionysius
for
faithfully
who
for sixteen
way
successive years
catechetical office
who
died dur-
Dionysius had not long entered upon his episcopate before a dreadful persecution broke out in
Alexandria, which deserves
corded, as Philip,
was always
who was
friendly to
the
more
at that time
to
be re-
emperor,
mani-
The
following
is
the
account which
Dionysius
gives of the origin and circumstances of this persecution, in a letter to Fabius, bishop of Antioch
<c
certain
our
city,
stirred
and receiving
full
Stimulated by him,
384
DI0NY5IUS.
first
work of
They
piety.
on
his refusing to
in
They
the rough
bound her
feet,
pro-
at the
pavement through
They
the city.
all
whom
After
to death.
knew
to
his
The more
valuable part of
burnt
it
in the streets
flight,
and such
less value,
they
hereupon
neighbours,
as
with
all
he
this,
The
brethren
spoken of by Paul.
like
those
that
fell
Nor do
know
seized
385
DIONYSIUS.
an aged
virgin, a
name was
they dashed
till
kindled a
burn her
truly admirable
whom
Apollonia,
fire
out
alive, unless
then
the
fire,
upon
seized
whom
They then
respite,
They
teeth.
impious words.
tain
her
all
woman, whose
her, she
to
imme-
Serapion,
in
own
his
manner, and broke all his bones, and then cast him
down headlong from an upper room. There was
house,
they tortured
in safety,
either by night or
were conti-
whoever refused
to
repeat
and burnt.
until,
id
a sedition and
civil
now
nuance.
On
by
Decius, one of
in Alexandria,
* Eusebius.
and,
former sufferings,
but throughout
886
DIONYSIUS.
To
heighten
trates,
Swords, wild beasts, iron chairs, racks for stretching the human body, and hooks for tearing
it,
were
tians.
forth
called
punishment.
Numbers
effort
to
of
modes of
to invent fresh
whom were
several of
many
trial
During
was
still
fied
God
a glorious
(C
army of martyrs,
what
time of
but there
who
glori-
is
most remark-
were miracu-
able,
some of
lously
Shortly
this
after
to Christianity.
Roman
The
was on
execute
supposing
this order,
every where,
But
officer sent to
that he
edict
gover-
except in
made a
in
a time
diligent search
the bishop's
own
house,
where Dionysius continued four days after the commencement of the search but on the fifth day,
:
387
DIONYSIUS.
having received a special direction (we are informed) from God, he removed, accompanied by
his servants
He was
suffered
molestation.
them
Thus
to
without farther
depart
liberated from
their enemies,
till
the storm
was over.
Dionysius again
be expected, considerably
diminished,
in
conse-
to
remain
in the
He was
idolatry.
permitted
in
incal-
In the
churches,
Having heard
and as general
interest
in
the
dissatisfaction.
had been
* See the reasons for calling him Novatus, and not Novatian ?
In the life of Cyprian, page 338.
388
DIONYSIUS.
tion,
f(
Novatus.
letter:
as
you
tion
say,
for
it
make
it
is
Even martyr-
dom on
this
account would,
in
my opinion,
be more
For
man
suffers
whole Church.
Now,
own
therefore, if
no longer
defection.
be imputed
find
at
it
to
you
This
will
If
you
soul.
wish you to be
also
engaged
baptism.
He
in considering
it
as void,
engaged more
to
Stephen
((
he
to use moderation
in the case; as
he
* Eusebius.
389
DIONYSIUS.
commencement
the
whom was
the Revelations
in
{<
;
to
and blasphemies
and power
to continue forty
and
two months."*
In the
year of
first
Dionysius
this persecution
good
on others.
effect
man
worshipped. "
We
ec
to
be
you are
who
com-
gods
tm?se
accompanying them,
insinuations
Unmoved by
all
:
pardoned,
adore the
be gods.
Maker
of
all
things,
who gave
to
Him we pour
prosperity
and permanence of
tion."
* Rev.
xiii. 5.
their
administra-
390
DtONYSltS.
But
it
was
fer to the
or
to
appeal to the
unalienable
rights
Destitute of
and
sentiments of religion,
indifferent
contemptuously exclaimed,
the reason
not
still
all
to
the modes
fect
of con-
To
the pre-
What
ie
can be
adore that
is
God
a god, in con-
guilt,
be
bishop exclaimed,
ec
in
and
at the
same time
Nor
could
he was then
in a
bad
state of health.
Eusebiiis*
391
DIONYSIUS.
CHAPTER
The persecution of Valerian,
II.
He taken prisoner.*
Alexandria
is
by
civil
is
The
succes-
The
controversies
His death.
emblem of
the state of
its
inhabitants.
They were
that
On
his
first
Christian faith.
in
And
thus, not at
Cephro
only, but
Lord.
Nor,
in the
mean
time, could
all
the malice
beloved pastor;
abounded
by Him."
"
for,
as their sufferings
abounded
392
DlONYSItfS.
which
cess
attended
his
Dionysius continues,
preaching at Cephro,
When
({
here completed,
At
first,
knew
wards,
when
we were
heard
go
to
But
after-
to the neigh-
what an
claim
to
it
rately,
effect
my
because
tute of brethren
it
At
was reported
to
However,
mind.
pro-
grieved immode-
first
to disturbances of travellers,
robbers.
my
had upon
it
shame.
be a place
and
desti-
also exposed
me
that,
though Cephro
its
quently to enjoy
friends
With such
did
the
And
this
so,
fre-
suburbs.
its
to hold assemblies in
indeed,
it
turned
out/*
depression of
spirits,
and
his
subsequent consola-
tions.
In another
account of the
to
letter
afflictions
Valerian's persecution.
"
It is needless to specify
393
DIONYSIUS.
It
may
suffice,
therefore,,
conquerors
stripes,
in this
others
heard how
I,
You have
fire,
led
bound by a centurion
men
of
But
at
I,
up
a dreary and
in
Libya,
journey from
afterwards adds, " Some perthree
distant
being'
He
ParaBlontum."
days'
may
they
Maximus, Dioscorus,
Paustinus and Aquila,
for
Egypt.
All
God
and
to
For the
governor to
those
who
this
in prisons
his cruelty
and torturing
others, or leaving
and
any person
to
the
to the confessors in
fetters.
them
towards
killing some,
to pine
away
strictly
enquires
so.
God,
394
D10NYSIUS.
however,
still
by the assiduous
when
till
from
what
bitter experience,
it
was to be
up
to
the
At length, when Valerian sunk under the accumulated weight of years, shame, and grief, his skin
was stuffed with such materials as made it retain
the likeness of a
human
figure
and
in this state
was preserved for ages in one of the most celebrated temples of Persia.
The
accession
it
cuted Christians.
to
One
of these rescripts, as
* Eusebius.
395
DIONYSIUS.
Augustus, to Dionysius,
the
Demetrius,
Pinna,
We
The empeand
have commanded^
all
persons
to reli-
For
gious uses.
to
make use of
this
you
lawful for
granted by
high
And
this,
indeed, which
to execute, has
us.
By another
edict the
emperor directed
now
Dionysius, though
his people,
The
was
far
permitted to return to
from being
captivity of Valerian,
in
a place of safety.
his
abandoned them-
inhabitants
of Alexandria had
selves to the
civil
war.
All intercourse
was cut
off
between
the several parts of the city, every street was polluted with blood, and every building of any strength
employed as a
in banishment,
citadel
so that Dionysius, as if
was forced
letters.
still
"
It
was
safer/' as
he
396
DIONYSIUS.
civil
During
it.
five successive
years the
Rome
of the empire.
daily in
city,
During
no means
inactive.
was abundantly
Now
Dionysius was by
his faith in
the Gospel
In imitation of
earth
displayed
his
the most
life
on
perfect example of
all
",
he bound up the
broken in heart and comforted those who mourned," he also in a literal sense " gave them medicine
to heal their sickness."
397
dionysius
religion"
only
<c
and widows
tious disease
this
sacrifice
far
even
who
is
a mourner.
city,
and the
all
away.
(S
whole
in their
affliction,"
daily deaths."
He
afterwards adds,
<c
Many
quence of
their
whilst they
cleaving
to
another.
For
upon the
sick,
one
incautiously attended
and most
them
Christ,
in
they
and healed
with them,
willingly died
thren
of
deacons,
people.
their
presbyters,
some
So
faith,
Pagans
in the
same
city,
through
lected theirs.
beneficial
its
professors.
<e
Non loqui-
398
DIONYSIUS.
mur magna,
sed vivimus,"*
the appropriate
is
remaining years of
own
his
life,
Church, Dionysius
in
faith of
appearance.
It
attempt to remove
trine
made
all
Dionysius
dangerous heresy, in a
Many
fS
:
and disputations
opinion
polis,
time, to have
denial,
Rome
first
now
letter to
this
Xystus, bishop of
in
Holy
much
Spirit.
which, according to
given me,
I
begotten
incarnate; and,
senseless
I
Word
first
have written
at large
letters,
God
in
has
of which letters
letter,
which he wrote
to
Philemon, a
Rome, he
refers to his
* Minucius Felix,
399
DIONYSIUS.
and al<o
One
a while,
for
But then,
opinions.
with
execrable
their
have derived
this
advantage
feel
suaded me from
this
conse-
Nevertheless,
mination,
was confirmed
ever comes to
examine and
to this effect
your hands,
try all things
for
and
my
original deter-
commanded me
voice
in
in
'
which a
Read what-
faith.'
was the
I
to
first
therefore
are strong:
Some
Be ye
skilful
money
changers.' "*
bellian controversy,
which he explained
error
his
his
sentiments more
of Sabellianism,
less clear
fully,
from
* Eusebius.
400
DIONYSIUS.
substance.
to the
to contain
portant subject.
Different ages have had their peculiar temptation* with regard to the doctrine of the
The
cially the
by subtle attempts
present,
less
Trinity.
it
to
latter is
more dangerous
doubtless the
the
is
not
it.
evil f
The
but
were well
if
is
a sea which no
whose summit
is
wrapped
By
far the
to
modern
may be
Socinians.
Paul appears
to
have been
he
is
his doc-
notorious
for
his
In a circular letter
episcopal
1
office
frequently
401
DIONYSIUS.
large
extorting
money from
sums of
his
more
his private
use
Nor were
his pride
and ostentation
less
conspi-
pomp
with
abject
multitude
which he
lie
had
erected,
paraded
the
streets,
solicited
his
ments
that
in
the
the
attention,
who
civil
magistrate
On
made use of
thea-
who dared
to resist his
his vanity.
Thus was
power, or refused
an
instrument
tyranny.
life,
But
of avarice,
office,
and
his sentiments,
became
and
terminated
selfishness,
intolerable.
to flatter
into
his
in his
which
at length
bishops.*
infirmities pre-
* See Eusebius.
2d
402
He
ing
DIONYSIUS.
and manifesting
his advice,
his
abhorrence of
This
was the
who
last
It is
we have
defective.
called the
and
zeal
great
give
honourable
title
been severely
and
his piety,
felt
especially by his
His
benevolence,
to
loss
own
at Alexandria, over
THE EXD.
St.
and
which he
more
the
must have
ERRATA.
Page 11, line 13, for day read days.
33, last line, for the cordiality read they cordially.
88, line 4, dele notwithstanding his youth.
98, line
1,
sin through
covetousness.
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