7/15/2014

Quantum Dot Optical Properties

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Quantum Dot Optical Properties

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An immediate optical feature of colloidal quantum dots is their coloration. While the
material which makes up a quantum dot defines its intrinsic energy signature, the
nanocrystal's quantum confined size is more significant at energies near the band gap.
Thus quantum dots of the same material, but with different sizes, can emit light of
different colors. The physical reason is the quantum confinement effect.
The larger the dot, the redder (lower energy) its fluorescence spectrum. Conversely,
smaller dots emit bluer (higher energy) light. The coloration is directly related to the
energy levels of the quantum dot.

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Quantitatively speaking, the bandgap energy that determines the energy (and hence
color) of the fluorescent light is inversely proportional to the size of the quantum dot.
Larger quantum dots have more energy levels which are also more closely spaced.
This allows the quantum dot to absorb
photons containing less energy, i.e.,
those closer to the red end of the
spectrum.
Recent articles in nanotechnology and
in other journals have begun to
suggest that the shape of the
quantum dot may be a factor in the
coloration as well, but as yet not
enough information is available.

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Furthermore, it was shown that the

lifetime of fluorescence is determined
by the size of the quantum dot.

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Larger dots have more closely spaced energy levels in which the electron-hole pair can
be trapped. Therefore, electron-hole pairs in larger dots live longer causing larger dots
to show a longer lifetime.

Adve rtise m e nt

As with any crystalline semiconductor, a quantum dot's electronic wave functions

extend over the crystal lattice. Similar to a molecule, a quantum dot has both a
quantized energy spectrum and a quantized density of electronic states near the edge
of the band gap.
Qdots can be synthesized with larger (thicker) shells (CdSe qdots with CdS shells). The
shell thickness has shown direct correlation to the lifetime and emission intensity.

Further Reading
Quantum Dots - What are Quantum Dots?

Quantum Dot Production

Quantum Dot and Computing
Quantum Materials secures antiQuantum Dots in Photovoltaics
counterfeiting quantum dot detection
Quantum Dots in Biology and Medicine
technology

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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. It

uses material from the Wikipedia article on "Quantum dot" All material adapted used from
Wikipedia is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike
License. Wikipedia itself is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.
Last Updated: Feb 1, 2011

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