Paul Jones

American Pageant Chapter 27

1. Alfred Thayer Mahan

Alfred Thayer Mahan was a United States Navy flag officer, geostrategist, and educator. His
ideas on the importance of sea power influenced navies around the world, and helped prompt
naval buildups before World War I. Wrote The Influence of Sea Power Upon History.
2. Valeriano Weyler
Valeriano Weyler Nicolau was a Spanish soldier. Weyler began herding farm people into
what were called reconcentrados, concentration camps. He penned up about 500,000 Cubans in
these camps.
3. Dupuy de Lome
Enrique Dupuy de Lôme was a Spanish ambassador to the United States. Through the so-
called De Lôme Letter, he defamed U.S. President William McKinley, an act which eventually
contributed to the Spanish-American War.
4. Theodore Roosevelt
Theodore Roosevelt was the 26th President of the United States. He is well remembered for
his energetic persona, his range of interests and achievements, his leadership of the Progressive
Movement, his model of masculinity, and his "cowboy" image. He was a leader of the
Republican Party and founder of the short-lived Progressive ("Bull Moose") Party of 1912.
Before becoming President (1901–1909) he held offices at the municipal, state, and federal level
of government. Roosevelt's achievements as a naturalist, explorer, hunter, author, and soldier are
as much a part of his fame as any office he held as a politician.
5. George Dewey
George Dewey was an admiral of the United States Navy. Many historians called him the
"hero of Manila." He is best known for his victory (without the loss of a single life of his own
forces due to combat; one man died of heat stroke) at the Battle of Manila Bay during the
Spanish-American War. He was also the only person in the history of the United States to have
attained the rank of Admiral of the Navy, the most senior rank in the United States Navy.
6. Emilio Aguinaldo
Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy was a Filipino general, politician, and independence leader of
Chinese and Spanish descent. He played an instrumental role in Philippine independence during
the Philippine Revolution against Spain and the Philippine-American War that resisted American
occupation. He eventually pledged his allegiance to the US government.
7. William Howard Taft
William Howard Taft was the 27th President of the United States and later the 10th Chief
Justice of the United States.
8. John Hay
John Milton Hay was an American statesman, diplomat, author, journalist, and private secretary
and assistant to Abraham Lincoln. In August 1898, Hay was named by President McKinley as
Secretary of State and helped negotiate the Treaty of Paris of 1898, which ended the Spanish–
American War.
9. Philippe Bunua-Varilla
Philippe-Jean Bunau-Varilla, commonly referred to as simply Philippe Bunau-Varilla, was a
French engineer and soldier. With the assistance of American lobbyist and lawyer William
Nelson Cromwell, Bunau-Varilla greatly influenced the United States's decision concerning the
construction site for the famed Panama Canal, today a vital waterway for trade shipment between
the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
10. George Washington Goethals
George Washington Goethals was a United States Army officer and civil engineer, best
known for his supervision of construction and the opening of the Panama Canal. The Goethals
Bridge between Staten Island, New York City and Elizabeth, New Jersey is named in his honor,
as is the Goethals Medal.
11. Reconcentration
Internment is the imprisonment or confinement of people, commonly in large groups, without
trial.
12. Imperialism
Imperialism, defined by The Dictionary of Human Geography, is "the creation and
maintenance of an unequal economic, cultural and territorial relationship, usually between states
and often in the form of an empire, based on domination and subordination."
13. Guerilla warfare
Guerrilla warfare is the irregular warfare and combat in which a small group of combatants
use mobile military tactics in the form of ambushes and raids to combat a larger and less mobile
formal army.
14. Spheres of influence
In the field of international relations, a sphere of influence (SOI) is an area or region over
which a state or organization has significant cultural, economic, military or political influence.
15. “yellow peril”
Yellow Peril (sometimes Yellow Terror) was a color metaphor for race that originated in the
late nineteenth century with immigration of Chinese laborers to various Western countries,
notably the United States, and later associated with the Japanese during the mid 20th century,
due to Japanese military expansion. The term refers to the skin color of East Asians, and the
belief that the mass immigration of Asians threatened white wages and standards of living.