Implementing SOA with EJB 3.

Ingmar Rtzler

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Outline

Introduction
Implementing services
Communication
Synchronous with session beans
Web services
Asynchronous communication

Loose Coupling
Persistence
Conclusion
Sources

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EJB Technology

Java EE 5 technology for developing business components

Provide logic and represent data specific to a business area
e.g. perform banking account operations
Services provided by the EJB runtime environment:
Persistence
Transactions
Security
Scalability

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Enterprise JavaBeans

Standardized components
Portable
Deployed in any compliant J2EE application server
Flexibility in distributing the components of an application

Reusable
May be used in multiple business applications

Managed
EJB container provides system-level services, e.g. transactions, security
Developer free to concentrate on application logic and data aspects

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Rope Shop: Services

Required services:
Order Processing System
Customer Relationship Management
Billing System

Implemented as stateless session beans

Represents single unique session between client and bean instance
Exposes methods to execute business tasks
Does not maintain conversational state with client
Better scalability for applications that require large numbers of clients

Stateful session bean possible to retain client-bean session state

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Rope Shop: Architecture

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Client access to session beans

Business interface defines client's view of a session bean

Remote interface exposes business methods
Client may be web component, application client, or another enterprise bean
May be on different machine and JVM

Local interface mostly for tightly coupled components

Client may be web component or another enterprise bean
Must be in the same JVM

Use of interfaces allows easy change of bean implementation

All communication is synchronous

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Rope Shop: Order Process

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Web Service Support

Any web service client can access a stateless session bean

Automatic generation of web service endpoint

Invocation of business methods annotated with @WebMethod

Enterprise beans can also be clients of web services
Great flexibility in integrating Java EE applications with web services

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Asynchronous communication

Message-driven beans process asynchronous messages

Typically receives messages from Java Message Service (JMS)
Messages can be sent by any Java EE component

Execute upon receipt of a single client message

Stateless (no conversational state)
May access and update shared data
Useful in many business-to-business communication scenarios

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Loose coupling and configuration

EJB container supports Dependency Injection

Automatic supply of object's dependencies
No explicit request for resource required
Applicable to all resources of a component
Usable throughout Java 5 technology

Effectively hiding creation and lookup of resources from code

Allows dynamic configuration of resources
Container provides dependencies at run-time

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Rope Shop: ER-Diagram

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Rope Shop: Entities

Required entities: Customer, Supplier, Order, ...

Implemented as entity beans
Represent data in a storage medium
Hibernate-inspired O/R mapping
Relationships with other entity beans, e.g. one-to-many

Can be shared (transaction management important)

Persistent (because of underlying database)
Detached entity beans possible (e.g. serializable)
But still major problem to return persistent objects to clients

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Conclusion

Many SOA concepts applicable

Statelessness (stateless session beans)
Composition (reuse of existing beans)
Loose coupling (dependency injection)
Configuration through container
Customization (use of interfaces)
Open standards (web services)

Drawbacks
No metadata description of services (only business interface)
No central service repository (no automatic discovery)
Dependency on heavyweight EJB container

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Sources
Sun Microsystems. EJB 3.0 Specification Final Release
http://java.sun.com/products/ejb/docs.html

Sun Microsystems. The Java EE 5 Tutorial, 2006

http://java.sun.com/javaee/5/docs/tutorial/doc/index.html

John Stearns, Roberto Chinnici, and Sahoo. Update: An Introduction to the

Java EE 5 Platform, 2006
http://java.sun.com/developer/technicalArticles/J2EE/intro_ee5/

Ed Ort. Ease of Development in Enterprise JavaBeans Technology, 2004

http://java.sun.com/developer/technicalArticles/ebeans/ejbease/index.html

Anil Sharma. EJB 3.0 in a nutshell, 2004

http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-08-2004/jw-0809-ejb.html

JBoss. JBoss EJB3, 2006 http://labs.jboss.com/portal/jbossejb3/index.html

Chris Richardson. POJOs in Action. Manning, 2006

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