OBJECTIVE:

The objective of this project is to design a digital thermometer using ATMEGA 16

microcontroller. Digital thermometer displays the ambient temperature through a LCD
display. It consists of two sections. One is that which senses the temperature. This is a
temperature sensor LM 35.

CIRCUIRT DESCRIPTION:
The circuit is based on LM35 analog temperature sensor, ATMEGA 16 microcontroller.
LM35 is an analogue temperature sensor IC which can measure a temperature range of -55
to 150C. Its output voltage varies 10mV per C change in temperature.
Celsius scale thermometer displays the ambient temperature through a LCD display. It
consists of two sections. One is that which senses the temperature.
This is a temperature sensor LM 35. The other section converts the temperature value into
a suitable number in Celsius scale which is done by the ADC.
A digital thermometer can be easily made by interfacing a temperature sensor to the
microcontroller ATMEGA 16. The temperature sensor used in the project isLM35. The LM
35 IC generates a 10mV variation to its output voltage for every degree Celsius change in
temperature.
The Output of the temperature sensor is analog in nature so we need an analog to digital
convertor for converting the analog input to its equivalent binary output.
ADC is an analog to digital convertor inbuilt in microcontroller.
LIST OF COMPONENTS USED

LM35 Temperature Sensor

ATMEGA 8 Microcontroller

Seven segment LCD display

LED

GSM

GPRS

Speaker

LM35 TEMPERATURE SENSOR

LM35 is a precision IC temperature sensor with its output proportional to the temperature (in
C).

The sensor circuitry is sealed and not subject to oxidation, etc.

The LM35 generates a higher output voltage than thermocouples and may not require that the
output voltage be amplified.

The operating temperature range is from -55C to 150C

ATMEGA 8 MICROCONTROLLER

High-performance, Low-power Atmel AVR

Advanced RISC Architecture

High Endurance Non-volatile Memory segments

Operating Voltages: 4.5V - 5.5V

Power Consumption at 4Mhz, 3V, 25C

8-bit Microcontroller

LCD SCREEN

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display module A 16x2 LCD display is very
basic module and is very commonly used in various devices and circuits

The reasons of choosing this LCD because of its economical purpose, easily programmable, have
no limitation of displaying special and even custom characters (unlike in seven segments),
animation and so on.

A 16x2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line and there are 2 such lines.

In this LCD each character is displayed in 5x7 pixel matrix.

This LCD has two registers, namely, Command and Data.

WORKING
This is a digital thermometer with an Atmel AVR microprocessor, measuring the temperature in
range of 2 to 150C (degree Celsius) with a resolution of 1 C. The circuit is controlled by the
microprocessor AVR ATmega8. As the temperature sensor an integrated circuit LM35 is used. It
provides the output voltage linearly proportional to the temperature with coefficient of 10mV /
C. The temperature is displayed on a two digit seven-segment LED display. Refresh rate of
displayed data is about 2 Hz. IO1 ATmega8 is using internal oscillator that is set to 1MHz.

APPLICATIONS OF THIS DIGITAL THERMOMETER

It can be used at industries to avoid the accidents due to temperature rise.

It can be used to control the switching of loads like motors, heaters based upon the
temperature.

It can also be used at homes to get the temperature reading

LIMITATIONS OF THIS THERMOMETER

Range for temperature detection is only upto 150 degree Celsius.

CONCLUSION
Finally I want to say that digital thermometer can be used to avoid the accidents in the
industries due to rapid increase in the temperature . Using GSM and GPRS we will get the
message of temperature rise alert and take precautions to avoid the damage .
We can also make the temperature data online so that from anywhere we can access to check
the reading and to ensure that temperature is within the safety limit.