University of Pangasinan- Phinma

Arellano St., Dagupan City

Experiments in Digital Communications (10:30-12NN; M/T/W/Th )

Experiment # 1: Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)

Experiment # 2: Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
Experiment # 3: Phase Shift Keying (PSK)

Submitted by:
Cabacungan, Riceron Kisses P.
De Guzman, Gemaima M.
Salinas, Ronnie A.

Submitted to:
Engr. Jeffrey Berida

EXPERIMENT # 1: Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) Modulation and Demodulation

AIM:

To design and verify the characteristics of Amplitude Shift Keying

modulation and demodulation using MULTISIM software.

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM:

OUTPUT:

OBSERVATION:
The digital-analog conversion, Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) also known as
On-Off Keying (OOK) has the modulating signal given with discrete values. As
observed, the composition of the modulation and demodulation of ASK are
square wave modulating signal and a sinusoidal carrier frequency. Function
generator 1 gives the waveform for the modulating signal with 10Vp and 500
Hz frequency that is directed towards the channel A of the four-channel
oscilloscope. For channel B, function generator 2 gives the waveform for a
carrier signal with 10Vp and 5 KHz frequency. Note that carrier frequency fc
is always greater than or equal to the modulating signal fm. Given this two
signals the expected output (modulated signal) will have a waveform that
only varies on amplitude as shown on the third waveform. Such thing defines
what amplitude shift keying is. At 10Vp the modulation is at on state and at
0V it is at off state. By using the NPN transistor the variation happens
depending on its level. Once the modulating signal is at on state, the carrier
frequency follows otherwise it wont. In demodulation process, the
modulating signal will be recovered. The extraction of the carrier from the
modulated wave will give the result.

CONCLUSION:
The Amplitude Shift Keying is one of digital modulation schemes that
modulate discrete amplitude levels to transmit information with constant
frequency and phase.

EXPERIMENT # 2: Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) Modulation and Demodulation

AIM: To design and verify the characteristics of frequency shift keying
modulation and demodulation.
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM:

OUTPUT:

OBSERVATION:
The digital-analog conversion, Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) has the
modulating signal given with discrete frequency. As observed, the
composition of the modulation and demodulation of FSK are square wave
modulating signal and two sinusoidal carrier frequencies. This two carrier
frequencies are mark and space frequency. Mark frequency corresponds to
the higher frequency while space frequency corresponds to the lower
frequency. Referring to the four channel oscilloscope, the 1st waveform
represents the modulating signal, 2nd is the mark frequency, 3rd is the space
frequency and 4th is the modulated wave. Given the modulating and carrier
signals the expected output (modulated signal) will have a waveform that
varies on frequency. Such thing defines what frequency shift keying is.
Transistors used lead the shifting of the frequency. NPN transistor established
the high state of the modulating signal and demonstrates the mark frequency
while the PNP transistor established the low state of the modulating signal
thus, demonstrate the space frequency. The continuous shifting of frequencies
will give the result of the 4th waveform, the modulated wave. In demodulation
process, the modulating signal will be recovered. The extraction of the carrier
from the modulated wave will give the result.

CONCLUSION: The Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) is one of digital modulation

schemes that modulate discrete frequency levels to transmit information with
constant amplitude and phase. Instantaneous frequency shift between
discrete values termed the mark and space.

EXPERIMENT # 3: Phase Shift Keying (PSK) Modulation and Demodulation

AIM: To design and verify the characteristics of Phase shift keying modulation
and demodulation.
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM:

OUTPUT:

OBSERVATION:
The digital-analog conversion, Phase Shift Keying (PSK) has the modulating
signal given with discrete values. As observed, the composition of the
modulation and demodulation of PSK are square wave modulating signal and
a sinusoidal carrier frequency. Two carriers are specified on the four channel
oscilloscope, the in-phase and out of phase carrier. In phase modulation, the
phase is varied. From the given two levels which are at 10Vp and 0Vp the
phase is in either out of phase or in phase. For high level the modulated wave
is in in-phase condition while at low level condition it is out of phase. Given
the modulating and carrier signals the expected output (modulated signal)
will have a waveform that only varies on phase as shown on the 4th waveform.
Such thing defines what phase shift keying is. By using the NPN transistor
phase shifting happens depending on its level. In demodulation process, the
modulating signal will be recovered. The extraction of the carrier from the
modulated wave will give the result.

CONCLUSION: The Phase Shift Keying (PSK) is one of digital modulation

schemes that modulate discrete levels to transmit information with constant
amplitude and frequency. The shifting for this experiment is of only two
condition, in-phase and out of phase. This form of PSK is sometimes called bi
phase modulation.