Electrochemistry and Oxidation and Reduction

Akhmalazmi86@blogspot.
com
Form 4 Chapter 6 and form 5 Chapter 3
F4 Chapter 6 Electrochemistry
F5 Chapter 3 Oxidation & Reduction
ANALYSIS OF PAST YEAR QUESTIONS FROM 2003 2008
Year
Paper
No.
Type of
question
Question
No
F4 Chp
6
F5 Chp
3
2003
P2
2004
P3
P2
E
2005
P3
P2
E
2006
P3
P2
E
2007
P3
10
7
P2
E
2008
P3
P2
E
P3
E
8
9
STRUCTURED QUESTIONS
1
SPM 2003/P2/Q5
Figure 5 shows the set-up of apparatus to investigate the reactions that take place in
test tubes P and Q.
Figure 5
(a)
State the observation for the reaction

(i)
in test tube P.
(ii)
[1 mark]
in test tube Q.
(b)
[1 mark]
Write the ionic equation for the reaction in (a)(i).
(c)
..
[1 mark]
State what is meant by oxidizing agent in terms of electron transfer.
(d)
..
[1 mark]
Referring to the reaction that takes place in test tube P,
Akhmalazmi86@blogspot.com
(i)
what is the change in the oxidation number of magnesium?
[1 mark]
(ii)
(e)
name the oxidizing agent.
[1 mark]
Referring to the reaction that takes place in test tube Q,
(i)
state the type of reaction that occurs.
(ii)
[1 mark]
state the oxidation number of bromine in bromine water.
(iii)
[1 mark]
what is the function of bromine water?
(iv)
[1 mark]
name another reagent that can replace bromine water.
[1 mark]
SPM 2004/P2/Q3
Figure 3 shows the set-up of apparatus to investigate the electrolysis of dilute
copper(II) sulphate solution.
Figure 3
(a)
(i)
What is meant by cation?
(ii)
....
[1 mark]
What is the energy change that occurs in the electrolysis process?
[1 mark]
(b)
In the electrolysis of dilute copper(II) sulphate solution:

State all the ions in the electrolyte.
(i)
[1 mark]
(ii)
In the table below, write the ions in (b)(i) which moved to electrodes X and
Y.
Electrode X
Electrode Y
[1 mark]
(iii)
What are the processes that occur at electrodes X and Y?

Electrode X :
Electrode Y :
[1 mark]
(iv)
What would you observe at electrode Y?
[1 mark]
(v)
What is the colour change of the electrolyte?
[1 mark]
(c)
(i)
Name the gas collected in the test tube at electrode X.
[1 mark]
(ii)
The volume of gas collected at electrode X is 20.0 cm3.

How many moles of the gas were collected?
Use the information that 1 mole of gas occupies a volume of 24.0 dm3 at
room temperature and pressure.
[1 mark]
(iii)
Based on the answer in (c)(ii), what is the number of gas molecules

collected?
Use the information that the Avogadro number is 6.02 x 1023 mol-1.
[1 mark]
SPM 2005/P2/Q6
Table 6 shows the descriptions and observations for two experiments, I and II.
Experiment
I
II
(a)
Description
Electrolysis of 1 mol
dm-3 sodium
sulphate solution
using carbon
electrodes.
Combustion of 1.2g
of magnesium
powder in excess
oxygen.
Observation
Gas bubbles are
released at the
anode and cathode.
Glaring white flame

is seen and white
powder is formed.
Based on Experiment I:
(i)
Draw the set up of the apparatus to carry out this experiment. In your
diagram show how the products at the anode and cathode are collected.
[3 marks]
(ii)
State how you would verify that the gas released at the cathode is
hydrogen.
(iii)
[1 mark]
Explain how hydrogen gas is produced at the cathode.
..
..
..
..
[3 marks]
(b)
Based on Experiment II:

(i)
The white powder formed is magnesium oxide.
Write the formula for magnesium oxide.
(ii)
[1 mark]
Write the chemical equation for the reaction that takes place.
(iii)
[1 mark]
State the oxidation number for each of the elements in magnesium oxide.
[2 marks]
4 SPM 2007/P2/Q6
Iron is a metal that rusts easily.
(a)
(i)
State the conditions for the rusting of iron.
(ii)
[1mark]
Draw a labelled diagram to show how the conditions for the rusting of iron
involve in the ionization of iron and the flow of electron.
(b)
(i)
[3 marks]
Describe the reactions that take place at the edge of water droplet (positive
terminal) during the rusting of iron after the Fe2+ and OH- ions are formed.
(ii)
[3 marks]
State the change in the oxidation number of iron in 6(b)(i).
[ 1 mark]
(c)
Diagram 6 shows the use of zinc plates on an iron ship to prevent rusting.
(i)
Diagram 6
Explain how the zinc plates protect the iron ship from rusting.
(ii)
[2 marks]
Write the half equation for the rection in 6(c)(i).
[1 mark]
5 SPM 2004/P3/Q2
Metals are arranged in the Reactivity Series based on the reactivity of metal
with oxygen.
Figure 2.1 shows the set-up of apparatus for an experiment to determine the order of
metals in the Reactivity Series.
Potassium manganate(VII) is heated to release oxygen gas to react with metal powder.
Figure 2.1
The experiment is carried out using metal powders of copper, zinc, magnesium and lead
reacted with oxygen respectively.
Observations on the metal powders of copper, zinc, magnesium and lead in the
experiments are shown in Figure 2.2.
Figure 2.2
(a)
Look at the flame or glow in each diagram in Figure 2.2. Complete Figure 2.2 by
stating the observations for the reaction of metal powders with oxygen.
[3 marks]
(b)
Complete Table 2.3 based on the experiment.
(i)
Name of variables
Manipulated variable:
(i)
Action to be taken
The way to manipulate
variable:
...........
..
..
(ii)
Responding variable:
(ii)
...
What to observe in the
responding variable:
.
...
...
...
(iii) The way to maintain the
controlled variable:
(iii) Controlled variable:

.
...
Table 2.3
(c)
State one hypothesis for the experiment.

..
..
[3 marks]
(d)
(i)
Based on the observations in Figure 2.2, arrange copper, zinc, magnesium and
lead in descending order of reactivity of metal towards oxygen.
Descending order of reactivity of metal towards oxygen.

[3 marks]
(ii)
The experiment is repeated by using aluminium powder to react with oxygen.

The result of the experiment is shown in Figure 2.4.
Set-up of apparatus
Observation on the metal
Moderately bright flame
Figure 2.4
Predict the positions of aluminium in the Reactivity Series of metals in (d)(i).
Draw an arrow ( ) in (d)(i) to show the position of aluminium in this reactivity
series.
[3 marks]
10
(e)
Figure 2.5
Based on the observations in Figure 2.5, classify the metals into two groups, those
which are more reactive than carbon and those which are less reactive than carbon.
Put your answer in a suitable table.
[3 marks]
11
SPM 2005/P3/Q2
A pupil wanted to construct the electrochemical series.
He measured the potential dfference of a few pairs of metals.
The set up of the apparatus of his experiment is shown in Figure 2.1.
Figure 2.1
Figure 2.2 shows the results obtained from experiment after 30 minutes.
Figure 2.2
(a)
Describe the change that you see in the copper(II) sulphate solution during
the experiment.
..
..
..
[3 marks]
12
(b)
The pupil repeated the experiment by substituting the zinc metal with iron,
magnesium and lead.
Each time he used copper metal as the negative electrode and fresh
copper(II) sulphate solution.
The following table shows the voltmeter readings he obtained from the pairs
of metals.
Experiment
I
II
III
IV
Pairs of metal
Negative
Positive
electrode
electrode
Zinc
Copper
Iron
Copper
Magnesium
Copper
Lead
Copper
Reading of
voltmeter/ V
1.10
0.78
2.72
0.45
Based on the above information, complete the following table.

Method to manipulate the

variable:
..
......
..
..
..
...
How the variable is responding:
......................................................... ...
... ...
... ...
Controlled variable:
Method to maintain the
..
...
..
...
... ...
(c)
State the hypothesis for this experiment.

..
..
..
13
[3 marks]
1
SPM 2003/P2/Q5
(a)
(b)
(c)
(i)
Brown solid is formed.

Blue solution turns colourless.
(ii) Green solution turns brown.
Brown colour of bromine decolorizes.
Mg + Cu2+ Mg2+ + Cu
A substance that receives electron.
(d)
(i)
(ii)
(e)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
0 +2
copper(II) ion // copper(II) sulphate
redox
0
oxidising agent
chlorine water
SPM 2004/P2/Q3
(a)
(i)
(ii)
A positively charged ion.

Electrical Chemical
(b)
(i)
(ii)
Cu2+, SO42-, H+ , OHIn the table below, write the ions in (b)(i) which moved to electrodes X
and Y.
Electrode X
SO42OH-
Electrode Y
Cu2+
H+
(iii)
Electrode X : Oxidation
Electrode Y :
(c)
(iv)
(v)
(i)
(ii)
Reduction
Brown solid
Blue to colorless.
Oxygen
20___ = 0.0008 mol
24000
(iii)
0.0008 x 6.02 x 1023
14
SPM 2005/P2/Q6
(a)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
A burning splinter gives a pop sound.

Na+ and H+ ions are attracted towards the cathode. H+ ions are selected to be
discharged as hydrogen gas.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
MgO
2Mg + O2 2MgO
Oxidation number for:
Magnesium = +2
Oxygen
= -2
SPM 2007/P2/Q6
(a)
(i)
water and oxygen
(ii)
(b)
(i)
Fe2+ and OH- ions combine to form iron(II) hydroxide.

Iron(II) hydroxide is oxidised to iron(III) hydroxide.
Iron(III) hydroxide form hydrated iron(III) oxide/ rust.
15
(c)
(ii)
+2 +3
(i)
Zinc is more electropositive than iron.

Zinc atoms lose electrons more easily than iron.
Zinc corrodes but iron does not.
(ii)
Zn Zn2+ + 2e
SPM 2004/P3/Q2
(a)
Metal
Zinc
Magnesium
Lead
Observations
Moderately bright flame
Very bright flame
Bright flame
(b)
Name of variables
(i) Type of metal
Action to be taken
(i) Replace the metal with different
metals
(ii) Intensity of the flame
(ii)
Observe the intensity of the

flame
(iii) Quantity of metal
(iii)
Use a constant mass of metal
(c)
The higher the metal in the reactivity series, the brighter the intensity of the flame.
(d)
(i)
Mg
Zn
Pb
Cu
Descending order of reactivity of metal towards oxygen.

(ii)
Mg, , Zn, Pb, Cu
(e)
Metals more reactive
than carbon
Magnesium
Sodium
6
Metals less reactive

than carbon
Lead
Copper
SPM 2005/P3/Q2
(a)
(b)
The blue colour of copper (II) sulphate solution fades.

The metal as negative electrode
Method to manipulate the

variable:
Replace the negative electrode
with different metals.
Voltmeter reading
How the variable is responding:

The voltmeter reading changes.
16
Controlled variable:
Method to maintain the

Use copper(II) sulphate solution of
the same concentration.
Use copper as the positive
electrode.
Concentration of copper(II)
sulphate solution,
copper metal
(c)
The greater the distance between two metals in the electrochemical series, the
higher the voltage reading.
17
ANALYSIS OF PAST YEAR QUESTIONS FROM 2003 2008
Year
Paper
No.
Type of
question
Question
No
F4 Chp
6
F5 Chp
3
2003
P2
2004
P3
P2
E
2005
P3
P2
E
2006
P3
P2
E
2007
P3
P2
E
10
7
2008
P3
P2
E
P3
E
8
9
SPM 2003/P2/Section C/Q3

(a) Lime juice was electrolysed using carbon electrodes.
What is produced at the cathode?
Write a half-equation for the reaction.
[2 marks]
(b)
Figure 6 shows two types of cell.
Figure 6
Compare and contrast cell P and cell Q. Include in your answer the observation
and half-equations for the reactions of the electrodes in both cells.
[8 marks]
(c)
A student intends to electroplate an iron key with a suitable metal to beautify it.
Design a laboratory experiment to electroplate the iron key.
Your answer should consist of the following:
18
Chemicals required
Procedures of the experiment
Diagram showing the set-up of the apparatus
Chemical equation involved in the reaction
Observation
[10 marks]

(a) Explain what is meant by redox reaction using a chemical reaction.
[2 marks]
(b)
Table 4 shows the result of two experiments to study the effects of metals P
and Q on the rusting of iron.
(i)
(ii)
(c)
Table 4
Explain why there is a difference in observations in Experiments I and II.
Arrange in descending order metals P, iron and Q based on the
electropositivity of the metals.
[8 marks]
You are provided with strips of metals W, X, Y and Z and their salt solutions.
Describe how you would show that the order of these metals in the
electrochemical series is W, X, Y and Z in descending order of
electropositivity.
Your explanation should include observations and conclusions.
[10 marks]
19
SPM 2005/P2/Q9
(a) You have an iron key that rusts easily.
State how you would solve this problem using an electrolysis process.
[4 marks]
(b)
Electrolysis is carried out on a dilute sodium chloride solution using carbon

electrodes.
Explain how this electrolysis occurs.
Use a labelled diagram to explain your answer.
[6 marks]
(c)
Aluminium is placed above zinc in the electrochemical series.

Aluminium and zinc can be used to build a chemical cell, using suitable
apparatus and the following chemicals;
Aluminium sulphate solution
Zinc sulphate solution
Sulphuric acid solution
Describe how you build this chemical cell.
Include a labelled diagram in your answer.
On your diagram, mark the direction of the electron flow, the positive terminal
and the negative terminal.
[10 marks]
4 SPM 2006/P2/Q7
(a)
The following are the formulae of two compounds.

Al2O3
Cu2O
(i)
Based on the two formulae, state the oxidation number for aluminium and
copper.
[2 marks]
(ii)
Name both the compounds based on the IUPAC nomenclature system.

[2 marks]
(iii)
(b)
Explain the difference between the names of the two compounds based
on the IUPAC nomenclature system.
[2 marks]
Diagram 7 shows the set up of the apparatus for an experiment to investigate

electron transfer through a solution.
20
Diagram 7
(i)
Name the oxidation agent in the experiment.
(ii)
Write the half equations for the reactions that occur at the negative and
positive terminals.
[5 marks]
Based on your answer in 7(b)(ii), describe the oxidation and reduction
process in terms of the electron transfer that occurs at the negative and
positive terminals.
State also the changes that can be observed after 10 minutes.
[8 marks]
(iii)
[1 mark]
SPM 2008/P2/Q8
Diagram 8.1 shows the apparatus set-up for the electrolysis of sodium chloride
solution using carbon electrodes.
(a)
(b)
Diagram 8.1
Based on Diagram 8.1, state the factors that determine the products formed at
electrode P and electrode Q.
[2 marks]
Explain the reactions at electrodes, P and Q. Include the following in your
explanation:
21
List of ions attracted to each of electrodes, P and Q

Names of the ions selectively discharged at each electrode
The reason why the ions are selectively discharged
Half equations for each reaction
[10 marks]
(c)
An experiment is carried out to determine the relative position of three metals,

silver, L and M, in the electrochemical series. Diagram 8.2 shows the results of
the experiment.
Diagram 8.2
(i)
Based on the results, arrange the three metals in order of increasing

electropositivity.
Explain your answer.
[6 marks]
(ii)
If M is copper, name the product formed in experiment II.

[2 marks]
SPM 2008/P2/Q9
(a) A metal M reacts with oxygen to form an oxide. The oxide is very soluble in
water to produce an alkaline solution.
Suggest the identity of metal M and describe an observation when the metal you
have named reacts with oxygen.
Write the half-equations for oxidation and reduction for the reaction.
[4 marks]
22
(b)
Diagram 9 shows an apparatus set-up to investigate the effect of two different

metals, X and Y on the rusting of iron, Fe.
Diagram 9
The result of this experiment after three days is shown in Table 9.

Pair of metals
Fe, X
Fe, Y
Observation
Dark blue colour
No change
Table 9
Based on Table 9, suggest the identity of metals, X and Y.

Give two reasons for each of your choices.
[6 marks]
(c)
Iron(II) ions can be converted to iron (III) ions and iron(III) ions can be converted
back to iron(II) ions. By using a named metal as a reducing agent and a named
halogen as an oxidising agent, describe briefly how you would carry out these
two conversions.
Describe a test to show that each conversion has taken place.
[10 marks]
23
SPM 2007/P3/Q2
Diagram 2 shows several electrochemical cells with different voltages.
Diagram 2
Identify the factor that influences the differences in the voltages.
Plan a laboratory experiment to construct an electrochemical cell to determine one
factor that influences the differences in the voltage.
Your planning should include the following:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
Statement of the problem

All the variables
Hypothesis
List of materials and apparatus
Procedure
Tabulation of data
[17 marks]
24
1 SPM 2003/P2/Section C/Q3

(a)
Hydrogen gas.
2H+ + 2e H2
(b)
Cell P
Type of cell
Electolytic cell
Energy change
electrical chemical
Name of electrode Both electrodes are copper
Ions in electrolyte
Cu2+, SO42-,
H+ , OH-
Cell Q
Chemical/voltaic cell
chemical electrical
Copper = positive
electrode
zinc = negative
elctrode
2+
Cu , SO42-,
H+ , OH-
Half equations
At anode:
Cu Cu2+ + 2e
Zn Zn2+ + 2e
Observation
At cathode:
Cu2+ + 2e Cu
At anode:
Copper dissolves.
At cathode:
Brown solid forms.
(c)
Cu2+ + 2e Cu
Zinc dissolves.
Brown solid forms.
To electroplate a key with silver:

Chemicals required:
silver, silver nitrate solution
Procedures of the experiment:
Key is made the cathode.
Silver is made the anode.
Electrolyte used is silver nitrate solution in a beaker.
The silver anode and the key are immersed into the electroyte and
connected to a battery.
Diagram showing the set-up of the apparatus
25
Chemical equation involved in the reaction:

At anode:
Ag Ag+ + e
At cathode:
Ag+ + e Ag
Observation:
At anode:
Silver dissolves.
At cathode:
Shiny solid forms.
No change in the colour of the solution.

(a) Redox reaction is a reaction in which oxidation and reduction occur
simultaneously.
E.g:
Mg + Cu2+ Mg2+ + Cu
(b)
(i)
In Experiment I,
Iron is oxidised to Fe2+ ions.
Electrons flow from iron to P because iron is more electropositive than P.
Blue solution shows the presence of Fe2+ ions.
In Experiment II,
Q is oxidised.
Electrons flow from Q to Fe because Q is more electropositive than Fe.
26
Water and oxygen receive electrons to form OH- ions.

The pink spots show the presence of OH- ions.
(ii)
Q, iron, P
(c)
Salt Solution W X Y Z
Metal
W

X
X

Y
X X
Z
X X X
= Metal deposited X = No deposit
Fill 4 test tubes with salt solutions of metal W, X, Y and Z.

Clean the metal strips with sandpaper.
Put metal W in to every test tube.
Leave for a few minutes
Repeat the steps above using metlas X, Y and Z.
Observation:
For metal W:
Metal deposition occur when metal W is immersed into salt solutions of X, Y
and Z.
Therefore, W is the most electropositive.
For metal Z:
No metal deposition when metal Z is immersed into salt solutions of W, X and
Y.
Therefore, Z is the least electropositive.
For metal X:
There is metal deposition when metal X is immersed into salt solutions of Y and
Z.
There is no metal deposition when metal X is immersed into salt solution of W.
Therefore, X is more electropositive than Y and Z.
For metal Y:
There is metal deposition when metal Y is immersed into salt solution of Z.
No metal deposition occur when metal Y is immersed into salt solutions of W
and X.
Therefore, Y is more electropositive than Z.
Descending order: W, X, Y, Z
27
SPM 2005/P2/Q9
(a) The iron key can be electroplated with nickel by electrolysis.
The iron key is made the cathode.
Nickel is made the anode.
Nickel(II) sulphate is used as the electrolyte.
(b)
Ions present in sodium chloride solution are Na+ , Cl- , H+ , OH- ions.
Na+ and H+ ions are attracted to the cathode.
Cl- and OH- ions are attracted to the anode.
At the cathode, H+ ions are selected to be discharged because it is lower than
Na+ ions in the electrochemical series.
Hydrogen gas is produced at he cathode.
At the anode, OH- ions are selected to be discharged because it is llower than
Cl- ions in the electrochemical series.
Oxygen gas is produced at the anode.
(c)
Dilute sulphuric acid is filled into a U-tube.

Aluminium sulphate solution is added into one arm of the U-tube and zinc
sulphate solution is added into the other arm of the U-tube, slowly.
Aluminium and zic plates are immersed respectively into aluminium sulphate
and zinc sulphate solution.
The wire is connected to complete the circuit.
SPM 2006/P2/Q7
(a)
(i)
Oxidation number of Al = +3
Oxidation number of Cu = +2
(ii)
Al2O3 = aluminium oxide

Cu2O = copper(II) oxide
28
(b)
(iii)
Copper exhibits more than one oxidation number. Therefore the roman
number is used in naming copper(II) oxide.
This is not required to name aluminium oxide because aluminium only
exhibits one oxidation number.
(i)
acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution
(ii)
At positive terminal:
MnO4- + 8H+ + 5e Mn2+ + 4H2O
(iii)
At positive terminal, MnO4- ions receive electrons and are reduced to Mn2+
ions.
At the negative terminal, Fe2+ ions donate electrons and are oxidised to
Fe3+ ions.
The purple colour of potassium manganate(VII) solution fades.
The green colour of iron(II) sulphate solution to brown.
SPM 2006/P2/Q10
(a)
sodium chloride
(b)
At anode: 2Cl- Cl2 + 2e //

At cathode: Na+ + e Na
(c)
(d)
During electrolysis of molten sodium chloride,

chloride ions are attracted to the anode whereas sodium ions are attracted to
the cathode.
At the anode, Cl- ions are discharged to form chlorine gas.
2Cl- Cl2 + 2e
At the cathode, Na+ are discharged to form sodium.
Na+ + e Na
SPM 2008/P2/Q8
(a)
At electrode P/ cathode:
the position of ions in electrochemical series
29
At electrode Q/ anode:
concentration of ions
(b)
Electrode
Ions attracted
Ions selectively discharged
Reason
Half equation
(c)
(i)
P/cathode
Na+ , H+
Hydrogen ion
H+ ions is lower in the
electrochemical
series
2H+ + 2e H2
Experiment
Q/anode
Cl-, OH-Chloride ion
Concentration of
Cl- ions is higher
than OH- ions
2Cl- Cl2 + 2e
I
L is more
electropositive
Explanation than silver.
II
M is more
electropositive
than silver.
III
L is more
electropositive
than M.
L can displace
silver
from its
solution
M can displace
silver
from its
solution
M cannot displace L
from its solution.
Order of the three metals: silver, M, L

(ii)
copper(II) nitrate
SPM 2008/P2/Q9
(a) M is sodium.
[Alternate Answer: any other Group 1 metals]
Sodium burns with a yellow flame to produce a white solid.
+
Oxidation: Na Na + e
Reduction: 02 + 4e 202(b)
X is copper.
[Alternate Answer: any other metal less electropositive than iron.
Copper is less electropositive than iron.
Therfore, iron rusts.
Y is magnesium.
[Alternate Answer: aluminium or zinc]
30
Magnesium is more electropositive than iron.

Therefore, magnesium prevents iron from rusting.
(c)
Fe3+ Fe2+
Reducing agent is magnesium.
Add magnesium to a solution containing Fe3+.
Heat the mixture.
Filter the mixture.
Add sodium hydroxide solution.
A green precipitate is formed.
Fe2+ Fe3+
Halogen is bromine.
Add bromine water to a solution containing Fe2+.
Shake the mixture.
Add sodium hydroxide solution.
Brown precipitate is formed.
SPM 2007/P3/Q2
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
Statement of the problem:

How does the distance between two metals in the electrochemical series
affect the voltage produced in a cell?
Manipulated variable: Pair of metals
Responding variable: Voltage of cell
Constant variable:
Type of electrolyte
Hypothesis:
The further apart the distance between two metals in the electrochemical
series, the higher the voltage produced.
Materials:
iron, zinc, magnesium, copper and aluminium strips; copper(II) sulphate
solution
Apparatus:
voltmeter, beaker, sand paper and connecting wires
Procedure:
1. A beaker is filled with copper(II) sulphate solution.
2. The copper and magnesium strips are cleaned with sand paper.
3. The strips are immersed into the solution and connected by wires
to a voltmeter.
4. The reading of the voltmeter is recorded.
5. Steps 1 - 4 are repeated with zinc, iron and aluminium.
Tabulation of data:
Metal pair Voltage/ V
Mg - Cu
Zn - Cu
Fe - Cu
Al - Cu
31
32

Electrochemistry and Oxidation and Reduction

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Electrochemistry and Oxidation and Reduction

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Form 4 Chapter 6 and form 5 Chapter 3

State the observation for the reaction

Form 4 Chapter 6 and form 5 Chapter 3

what is the change in the oxidation number of magnesium?

name the oxidizing agent.

What is meant by cation?

Form 4 Chapter 6 and form 5 Chapter 3

In the electrolysis of dilute copper(II) sulphate solution:

What are the processes that occur at electrodes X and Y?

What would you observe at electrode Y?

What is the colour change of the electrolyte?

Name the gas collected in the test tube at electrode X.

The volume of gas collected at electrode X is 20.0 cm3.

Form 4 Chapter 6 and form 5 Chapter 3

Based on the answer in (c)(ii), what is the number of gas molecules

Glaring white flame

Form 4 Chapter 6 and form 5 Chapter 3

Based on Experiment II:

Form 4 Chapter 6 and form 5 Chapter 3

Form 4 Chapter 6 and form 5 Chapter 3

Form 4 Chapter 6 and form 5 Chapter 3

Form 4 Chapter 6 and form 5 Chapter 3

Complete Table 2.3 based on the experiment.

(iii) Controlled variable:

State one hypothesis for the experiment.

Descending order of reactivity of metal towards oxygen.

Form 4 Chapter 6 and form 5 Chapter 3

The experiment is repeated by using aluminium powder to react with oxygen.

Observation on the metal

Moderately bright flame

Form 4 Chapter 6 and form 5 Chapter 3

Form 4 Chapter 6 and form 5 Chapter 3

Form 4 Chapter 6 and form 5 Chapter 3

Based on the above information, complete the following table.

Method to manipulate the

State the hypothesis for this experiment.

Form 4 Chapter 6 and form 5 Chapter 3

Brown solid is formed.

A positively charged ion.

0.0008 x 6.02 x 1023

Form 4 Chapter 6 and form 5 Chapter 3

A burning splinter gives a pop sound.

water and oxygen

Fe2+ and OH- ions combine to form iron(II) hydroxide.

Form 4 Chapter 6 and form 5 Chapter 3

Zinc is more electropositive than iron.

(ii) Intensity of the flame

Observe the intensity of the

(iii) Quantity of metal

Use a constant mass of metal

Descending order of reactivity of metal towards oxygen.

Mg, , Zn, Pb, Cu

Metals less reactive

The blue colour of copper (II) sulphate solution fades.

Method to manipulate the

How the variable is responding:

Form 4 Chapter 6 and form 5 Chapter 3

Method to maintain the

Form 4 Chapter 6 and form 5 Chapter 3

SPM 2003/P2/Section C/Q3

Figure 6 shows two types of cell.

Form 4 Chapter 6 and form 5 Chapter 3