1) Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions by lowering the

- Activation energy
2) The process of influencing the chemical bonds in a way that lowers the
___ needed to speed up a chemical reaction is called catalysis
-activation energy
3) protein catalysts that speed up the various metabolic biological
reactions in an orgranism are called
4) Oxidation and reduction reactions are chemical processes

that result in a gain or loss in

-electrons
5) the specificity of an enzyme is due to its activite site. The active site
is shaped so that only a certain
-substrate molecule can fit into it
6) glucose is broken down to carbon dioxide and water in organisms
which breathe air in a process called ____ respiration
aerobic
7)chemiosmotic generation of atp is driven by
- a difference in H+ concentration on two sides of the mitochondrial
membrane
8) a molecule that stores energy by linking charged phosphate groups
near each other is called
-ATP
9)when oxygen is limiting, during heavy exercise, muscle cells revert to
_____ fermentation for energy production
-lactid acid
10) the first stage of cellular respiration ____ occurs with or without
oxygen present
-glycosis

Chapters 10/11
1)in the human body cells (non-sex cells) contain two sets of
chromosomes totaling
46
2)each chromosome has a _____ a point of constriction containing
certain repeated DNA sequences that bind specific proteins
centromere
3)prophase is the first stage of mitosis characterized by the ____ of the
chromosomes

condensation
4)the attachment of which molecules is critical for the proper
separation of sister chromatids?
microtubules
5)the accommodation of the very long dna fiber into a limited space of
the nucleus is achieved by coiling around beads of histones into
repeating subunits. These subunits of chromosomes are given the
name
nucleosomes
6) which of the following produces identical cells?
mitosis
*7)a process in which pairs of homologous complex chromosomes line
up side by side
homologue
8) the pairing of chromosomes along their lengths which is essential for
crossing over is referred to as
synapsis
9) the two homologous chromosomes pair along their length early in
the first nuclear division. During this physical joining genetic exchange
occurs between them in a process called
recombination
10)chromosomes exchange genetic information by
Crossing over
Chapter 12
1) Individuals carrying two factors for most traits are
Diploid
2)when the two haploid gametes contain two different alleles of a
given gene the resulting offspring is called
Heterozygous

3) Let P = purple flowers and p=white and T=tall plants and t =dward. What would be
the appearance of a plant with the genotype PpTt

In white tigers, the absence of fur pigmentation is caused by a recessive allele. This
allele also causes the tigers to be cross-eyed. If two tigers heterozygous for this allele
mate and produce offspring, what percentage can be expected to be white and/or
cross-eyed?
25% white and the same 25% crosseyed

http://quizlet.com/5981792/test-questions-and-answer-sheets-chapter10-14-biology-flash-cards/

Chapter 17 & 18
1) a 6.85 kb eco rl fragment of dna is shown below. The locations of
several restriction sites are indicated. Scale is approximate.
If you were to digest this fragment of DNA with PST I, how many pieces
of DNA would you obtain?
*3
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-731128
2) The procedure for producing a line of genetically identical cells from
a single altered cell is called
cloning
3)DNA fragments complementary to the DNA being investigated are
referred to as
cDNA
4)small, circular auxiliary DNA molecules of bacteria which are commonly used in
biotechnology are referred to as
plasmids

When electrical current is applied during a gel electrophoresis

procedure, the DNA fragments are separated by
the size of the fragments
5)

6)which of the following statements about genomes are true?

http://quizlet.com/8182247/chapter-18-flash-cards/
The number of genes in eukaryotic genomes is not necessarily correlated with the
amount of DNA in the genome.
Ingeneral,eukaryoticgenomesarelargerthanprokaryoticgenomes.
7)THemajorityofDNAinahumanis
non-coding

8)a___ consists of all the dna in a nucleus of a cell

genome
9)a transgene is an
inserted foreign gene
10) inactive genes that have lost their function do to mutations are called
pseudogenes