Sunteți pe pagina 1din 13

T-TEST

WHEN TO USE: Use this test when you want to compare values of any numeric variable between two groups (such as tree he

Before
44
40
39
46
42
43

After
46
41
41
47
43
45

w h a t a r e y o u m e a s u r in g (u n its )

Steps to using Excel to do t-test:


Click on Group 1 and type in new name for group; do same for Group 2
Replace existing data with your data under each column name
Click into the vertical-axis label of the graph, and change the label, remembering to give the units, too

average Before
average After

42.333
43.833

standard error Before


standard error After

1.054
1.046

P value

0.336

44.000

43.500

43.000

42.500

42.000

41.500

43.000

42.500

42.000

41.500

n two groups (such as tree heights in a wash versus on a hill slope).

give the units, too

These values show the variability for each group, and are used to make the "error bars" on the graph below

Is the p value less than 0.05?


If no, then the averages are not significantly different (cannot reject null hypothesis)
If yes, then the averages are significantly different (accept an alternative hypothesis)

44.000

43.500

43.000

42.500

42.000

41.500

Before

After

43.000

42.500

42.000

41.500

Before

After

rror bars" on the graph below

PAIRED T-TEST
WHEN TO USE: Use this test when you want to compare numeric variables that come in pairs.

Before
44
40
39
46
42
43

After
46
41
41
47
43
45

w h a t a r e y o u m e a s u r in g (u n its )

Steps to using Excel to do paired t-test:


Click on Variable 1 and type in a name for your variable; do same for Variable 2.
(These names just need to distinguish between the two variables. For instance, you could
use "North" and "South" if you were comparing numbers of holes in north versus south sides of cacti.)
Replace existing data with your data under each column name. Make sure you put both of the numbers from e
Click into the vertical-axis label of the graph, and change the label, remembering to give the units if appropriat

average Before
average After
standard error Before
standard error After
P value

44.000

43.500

43.000

42.500

42.000

41.500

43.000

42.500

42.000

41.500

sides of cacti.)
h of the numbers from each pair of observations in the same row.
e the units if appropriate

42.333
43.833
1.054
1.046

These values show the variability for each variable, and are used to make the "error bars" on the gra

p<.01

Is the p value less than 0.05?


If no, then the averages are not significantly different (cannot reject null hypothesis)
If yes, then the averages are significantly different (accept an alternative hypothesis)

44.000

43.500

43.000

42.500

42.000

41.500

Before

After

43.000

42.500

42.000

41.500

Before

After

"error bars" on the graph below

THIS PAGE DOES CALCULATIONS FOR THE CHI-SQUARE

IF TOTAL IS GREATER THAN 3.84 (df=1)


THEN THERE IS SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE
Categories

Obs

Exp

(O-E)2

(O-E)2/E

120

135

225

1.67

150

135

225

1.67

total

270

270

TOTAL

3.33

Page

S-ar putea să vă placă și