AE 301: Aerodynamics I

Lecture 5: Types of Flow, Boundary

Layers, & Applied Aerodynamics
01/17/2014
Dr. Mark Ricklick, Assistant Professor

HW #2 & Quiz #1
HW # 2 Posted on Blackboard.
Due Wednesday, 1/22/2014
Mainly control volume analysis.

Will have quiz #1 next Friday (1/24/2014)

Aerodynamic Models
A major part of an Aerospace Engineers Job is
making assumptions and building & using
models and collections of models
Analytical, numerical, empirical, combinations

In order to be effective at this, we must

understand how we can categorize and
simplify aerodynamic scenarios
20% of the work gets you 80% of the answer

Types of Flow
Can generally categorize by some nondimensional number ranges
Highlights what physical phenomenon play a
dominant role

Types of Flow

Viscous Effects

Types of Flow

Mach Number Effects (Compressibility)

Types of Flow

Mach Number Effects (Compressibility)

Types of Flow
Comparison of Compressible, Incompressible and Isothermal
Assumptions

2200
2100
2000
1900
1800

Pressure (lb/ft^2)

1700
1600

P2 (incomp)
P2 (iso)
P2 (st.atmo)

1500
1400
1300
1200
1100
1000
900
800
0

3000

6000

9000

Height Above Sea Level (ft)

Assumption Effect vs Altitude

12000

15000

Types of Flow
Percent Difference Between Standard Values and Simplified Values
20

Perecnt Difference (%)

15

10

Incompressible
Isothermal
5

0
0

3000

6000

9000

-5

Height Above Sea Level (ft)

Assumption Effects vs Altitude

12000

15000

Types of Flow
Turbulent vs Laminar flows

Which scenario would experience a higher

drag/losses?
Why?
How about in the face of an adverse pressure gradient?

MIT example
(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1_oyqLOqwnI&list=PL0EC6527BE871ABA3&index=12&feature=plpp_
video)

Knudsen # > 0.1

Mean free path/
Characteristic length

P vs
CdP vs Cdf

Mach Number < 0.3

P_ratio negligable

Mach < 1

Mach ~1

Mach > 1

Mach >>1

Boundary Layers

When will BLs be important?

MIT Example:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wMxK2GtFFq0&list=PL0EC6527BE871ABA3&index=11&feature=plpp_video

Applied Aerodynamics
Real Aero Coefficients 2D Bodies

Applied Aerodynamics
Real Aero Coefficients 3D Bodies

Applied Aerodynamics
Real Aero Coefficients

Whats the major difference

between blunt body &
streamlined body?

Applied Aerodynamics
Pressure vs Skin friction

Whats the major difference

between blunt body &
streamlined body?

Applied Aerodynamics
Blunt body vs Streamlined body Drag
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PIITm1ZzwaY

Applied Aerodynamics
Zero-Lift Drag Comparisons

http://faculty.dwc.edu/sadraey/Chapter%203.%20Drag%20Force%20and%20its%20Coefficient.pdf

Applied Aerodynamics
Zero-Lift Drag Comparisons

http://faculty.dwc.edu/sadraey/Chapter%203.%20Drag%20Force%20and%20its%20Coefficient.pdf

Applied Aerodynamics
Contributions to drag

http://faculty.dwc.edu/sadraey/Chapter%203.%20Drag%20Force%20and%20its%20Coefficient.pdf

Applied Aerodynamics
Contributions to drag

http://faculty.dwc.edu/sadraey/Chapter%203.%20Drag%20Force%20and%20its%20Coefficient.pdf

HW #1
Additional Review w/ time.