Grammar Key B1

Angela Gallagher
Fausto Galuzzi
Activating
Grammar
DIGITAL EDITION
Grammar Key
Grammar key
Essential elements
1 Plural of nouns
1 televisions boys cities
knives lives tomatoes potatoes

videos watches sandwiches classes
kisses foxes photos universities
toys schools offices roofs
2 Sostantiviconpluraleirregolare: women
people teeth feet children

3 1b) - potatoes - patate 2a) - radios - radio
3b) - shelves - scaffali 4a) - secretaries segretarie 5b) - beaches - spiagge

6b) - plays - commedie 7b) - brushes spazzole 8a) - cliffs - scogliere
9a) - pencils - matite
4 sunglasses shoes two T-shirts two dresses
two scarves my photos my keys two

brushes
5 1buzzes 2zoos 3roofs 4faxes 5flies
6leaves 7women 8keys 9stories

10feet 11sons
2 Subject and object pronouns

1 1tu / you 2esse, loro / they 3esso / it
4egli, lui / he 5noi / we 6ella, lei / she

7voi / you 8Lei(forma di cortesia) / you
9essa / it
2 1she 2you 3it 4they 5we
2 1re 2s 3s 4Is 5s 6s 7are
8are 9m
3 1Is he from Warsaw? Yes, he is. 2Is his
English good? No, it isnt. 3Are his parents

in England? No, they arent. 4Is Polish food
nice? Yes, it is. 5Is it cold in Poland? Its
cold in winter. 6Are you happy? Yes, I am.
4 1arent 2re 3s 4s 5s 6arent
7isnt 8arent 9isnt
4 Qualifying adjectives
1 1revolutionary design 2small
car 3spacious vehicle 4leather seats

5powerful engine 6mega stereo system
2 1Is the train late? 2I am not tired! 3It
isnt a new project. 4Are you happy?

5Sue is angry. 6You are a nice intelligent
boy. 7Are your hands clean? 8Is Joy a
good cook?
3 1Is it a big place? 2Yes, its quite big.
3Its a quiet town with long sandy beaches.

4Is the sea clean? 5Yes, the sea is crystal
clear. 6Is it hot in July?
4 1Is the new restaurant good?(A) 2Are
your neighbours nice?(B) 3Is the course

interesting?(E) 4Are you busy?(D)
3 1them 2him 3her 4us 5me
5 Idiomatic uses of be
4 1It 2her 3They 4them 5He 6him
1 1b 2a 3b 4b 5a 6b 7b 8a
7She 8We 9us
5 1They; them 2me 3She; her 4us; it
5it; It
3 Verb be
1 1X; X 2X; m 3X; arent; re 4X; isnt;
s 5X; X 6arent; re
2 1is a doctor 2is late 3is cold 4is afraid
5is hungry
3 1How old is she? 2Shes twenty-two/22.
3shes always in a hurry 4Are you hungry?

5Im thirsty. 6Its too hot
4 Risposte aperte
5 1Youre right. Its cold today.
2A: How old are Beth and Judy?
A. Gallagher, F. Galuzzi, Grammar Key Angela Gallagher and Fausto Galuzzi Pearson Italia S.p.A.
Riservato agli studenti delle classi che adottano: A. Gallagher, F. Galuzzi, Activating Grammar DIGITAL EDITION, Pearson Longman
Grammar key
B: Theyre twenty(years old). 3Peters

ashamed of his school report. 4The bus is
late. 5A: How much is the ticket? B: Its
9,50euros. 6A: Why are you in a hurry?
B: Im late for the meeting.
6 Interrogatives
1 1What nationality is your father?(G)
2Whose are the black gloves?(D) 3Why

are you late?(A) 4What is your phone
number?(F) 5Where is the post office?(E)
6Who is next to you in class?(B)
2 1Why 2Who 3When 4Whose
5How 6What 7Where 8What
3 1Whats 2Why are 3Wheres 4When
are 5Whos
4 1Whats that music? 2Wheres your
school? 3Whens the party? 4Whose is

this bag? 5Why are you angry? 6How is
your French?
2 1Have your parents got mobile phones?
2Have your parents got a car? 3Have your

parents got a TV? 4Have you got a TV
in your bedroom? 5Has your father got a
computer?
Risposte aperte
3 1it has 2s got 3s got 4Has the
Miramare Village got a hotel? 5it hasnt

6s got 7s got 8Has it got a restaurant?
9it hasnt 10s got 11Have the two
villages got shops? 12they have 13s
got 14Have the flats got air conditioning?
15have got
9 Possessive adjectives and

pronouns
1 1her 2their 3Your 4his 5our 6its
2 1Hers 2yours 3mine 4Theirs 5his
6ours
3 1hers 2theirs 3our 4ours 5theirs
6your
7 Demonstrative adjectives and

pronouns
1 1V 2V 3L 4L 5V 6L 7V
2 1b 2b 3a 4b 5b 6a 7a 8a
3 Chiparlavicinoalloggettoindicato:
frasi1, 3, 5
Chiparlalontanodalloggettoindicato:
frasi 0, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8
4 1this 2that 3these 4those 5that
6those 7that
5 1that 2that 3that 4this 5this
6this
8 Verb have got

1 1s got 2have got 3have got 4s got
5havent got 6s got 7havent got 8ve

got 9hasnt got
4 1Quella macchina non la nostra. La
nostra macchina laggi. 2A: Queste pizze

sono vostre? B: No, non sono nostre. Sono
le loro. 3A: Dove sono i nostri biglietti?
B: Questo il mio. Kate ha il tuo. 4Qual
il tuo numero di telefono? 5Dov la mia
bicicletta? 6A: Quello zaino di Paul?
B: No, mio. Il suo nero e arancione.
7A: Dov Helen? B: nella sua camera.
8La Sua camera pronta, signora White.
Traduzione:
1That car isnt ours. Our car is over there.
2A: Are these pizzas yours? B: No, they
arent ours. Theyre theirs. 3A: Where
are our tickets? B: This is mine. Kates got
yours. 4Whats your telephone number?
5Wheres my bicycle? 6A: Is that
schoolbag/backpack Pauls? B: No, its mine.
His is black and orange. 7A: Wheres
Helen? B: Shes in her bedroom. 8Your
room is ready, Mrs White.
Grammar key
10 Genitive s and s(genitivo

sassone)
1 1is Pauls 2is Chriss 3are her sisters
4is her brothers 5is her cousins 6is

Lauras
2 1Carls 2Anns and Carls 3Carls
4Helen and Jamess 5Jamess 6Helens

7childrens
3 1Julies telephone number 2the telephone
number of the restaurant 3the king of

Spain 4Angelas coat
4 1Nigels car is at the mechanics. 2Wheres
the mens changing room? 3Sues and

Trudys coats are here. 4The students
results are good. 5Anne and Douglass
daughter is twelve(years old). 6The
tourists suitcases are already on the coach.
11 Imperative
1 1Show 2Keep 3Dont leave 4Dont
wear 5Wear 6Switch off

2 1Take 2Dont leave 3Wait 4Dont
wear 5Eat 6Dont be

3 1Lets walk 2Lets listen to 3Lets not
go; Lets stay 4Lets not do 5Lets book

6Lets invite
4 1dont light 2Dont eat 3Leave 4Dont
forget 5Remember 6put
12 Esercizi sommativi(1-11)
1 1He 2you 3I 4He 5he 6he
7He 8He 9she 10she 11They
2 1is 2re/are 3Are 4arent/are not
5Are 6s/is 7are 8Are 9are 10re/

are 11isnt/is not 12s/is 13Are
3 1life is great 2of nice people 3the bad
things 4a balanced person 5the good

things and the bad things 6a positive
person 7the negative things
4 Davesprofession: songwriter 1his 2His
3their
Jillsprofession: dubbing actor 4Her
5her
5 1Whats Steves surname? 2corretta
3corretta 4That mans face is very

familiar. 5corretta 6corretta 7Nigel is
Clares brother. 8Shes Christians mother.
6 1Where are Kodiak bears from? 2Why
are polar bears white? 3Are bears fast?

4Where are lemurs from? 5Are lemurs
members of the monkey family? 6What
is the meaning of hippopotamus in Greek?
7Why are toads useful?
A 4 B 7 C 6 D 3 E 0 F 5 G 1 H 2
7 1them 2it 3you 4her 5us
8 1are not 2is 3have got 4have got
5Are 6are 7arent 8Has 9has

10hasnt 11Is 12is 13isnt 14have
15are 16have not got 17are 18has
9 1Helens 2hers 3Mr Jenkinss 4his
5Helens 6Mr and Mrs Clarks 7theirs
10 1Use 2Increase 3decrease 4Press
5choose 6Dont touch 7use 8Dont

expose
11 Risposte aperte
13 Indefinite article
1 1a 2an 3a 4an 5a 6an 7a 8an
9a 10an 11an 12a 13a 14an

15an
2 A: home = una casa year = un anno

table = un tavolo wardrobe = un armadio
heart = un cuore sister = una sorella
car park = un parcheggio uniform = una divisa
bathroom = un bagno daughter = una figlia
hostel = un ostello
AN: address = un indirizzo ear = un orecchio
office = un ufficio essay = un saggio/tema
uncle = uno zio airport = un aeroporto
example = un esempio
3 1an 2an 3an 4a 5a 6a 7a 8an
9a 10an 11an
Grammar key
4 1an 2a 3a 4a 5a 6a 7a 8an
9a 10a 11a 12a 13a 14an 15an

16a
14 Definite article; zero article(1)

1 1S 2S 3G 4G 5S 6S 7G
Richiedono luso di the nella traduzione le

frasi: 1, 2, 5, 6
2 1X(G); The(S) 2The(S); X(G)
3X(G); The(S) 4the(S); X(G)
3 1a; a; The 2the; a 3the; the; the 4an;
a/the
4 1a 2the 3The 4a 5a 6the 7the
8an 9a
15 Definite article(2)
1 0A: a; B: The1A: X; B: The 2A: X;
B: the 3A: a; B: the; A: a; X
2 0The; X1X 2The 3X 4X 5the, the
6X; X 7X; X 8X
3 1the; 2the; ; 3a; 4The; a
5the; an 6the;
4 1D 2C 3B 4A 5B 6C 7C 8D
9B 10C
5 Risposte aperte
6 b-3 c-10 d-5 e-7 f-4 g-8 h-9 i-2
j-1
1are you in a hurry 2Are you cold 3re

right 4m hungry 5s sleepy
7 1The; the 2a; a/an 3a; a/an 4a; a/an
5X; the
8 0Mio cognato ha una casa al mare.1A: Di
chi quella casa? B: Quale? La casa bianca?

2A: Che lavoro fa John? B: Fa il designer/
lo stilista. 3Costa 20euro al giorno
noleggiare una bicicletta. 4Hai la tosse?
5I gatti sono animali indipendenti.
9 1X 2The 3a 4the 5X 6The
10 1The sugar is on the table. 2John has
got a beautiful car. 3Sugar is too sweet.

4Trees are necessary. 5The trees in your
garden are beautiful. 6The water is in the
fridge.
17 Nouns with a plural verb;
4 1The 2The; the 3 4; the 5the;
collective nouns; compound

nouns
5 1the; a; a 2a 3a; X 4the; the 5The;
1 1gets; bring 2work 3are 4get 5are
6the; the 7three; an 8;
the 6X 7the; The 8X; the; X 9X; the

6 1the 2X 3the 4X 5X 6The 7X
8a 9the 10an 11X 12a 13the

14X
1 1X 2a 3The 4X 5an 6X
2 1X 2a 3the 4the 5The 6a 7a
8an 9The 10a 11a 12A 13the

14the 15X 16the
3 1Are they 2theyve got 3are they
4Theyve got 5Have they got 6s

7they have 8arent 9Theyre 10have
got
6are 7is 8are 9plays (is playing)

10are
2 1History book 2phone bill 3hotel room
4two-hundred-mile journey 5swimming

instructor 6car keys 7kitchen clock
8three-month course 9two-million-dollar
project 10newspaper article
3 1isnt 2are 3are 4is; it is 5are
investigating 6are 7wasnt 8is 9are;

Theyre 10is
18 Double genitive
1 1of mine 2of ours 3of Klauss 4of
theirs 5of Chriss cars 6of Sues
Grammar key
2 1of my sisters 2of our relatives 3of
Klauss books 4of their sons

3 1of Anitas 2colleagues of Anitas
3neighbours of Anitas/of Anitas neighbours

4of Anitas 5Anitas aunts 6cousin of
Anitas
4 1A friend of mine/One of my friends
2Some products of ours/Some of our

products 3Three guests of yours/Three of
your guests 4Many students of his/Many
of his students
19 Reflexive pronouns; each other/

one another
1 1ourselves 2himself 3themselves
4herself 5himself 6ourselves
2 1your; yourself 2his; himself 3her;
herself 4myself; my 5themselves; their

6itself; Its 7ourselves; our
3 1They see each other almost every
day. 2They write each other love letters.

3They give each other presents. 4They
never argue with each other. 5They tell
each other everything. 6They trust each
other.
4 1herself 2each other/one another 3each
other/one another 4myself 5each other/

one another 6himself
20 Non-reflexive verbs; get +

adjective/participio passato
1 1to remember 2to relax 3to fall asleep/
to go to sleep 4get angry 5get tired

6get stressed 7To enrol
2 1to get up 2relaxed 3was getting
married 4got married 5split up/broke

up 6to get ready 7washed 8got dressed
9hurried 10remembered 11stopped
12get wet
3 1I dont want/I dont mean to complain,
but its two oclock and we still have to eat.

6
2Ive enrolled in a Spanish course. It starts

next week. 3You mustnt behave like that!
4I want to relax in front of the television
tonight. I dont want to go out. 5I didnt
go to sleep/I didnt fall asleep until two
oclock last night. 6Julie and Steven met
at the seaside last year and fell in love with
each other. 7Dont play with mud. Youre
getting dirty. 8I dont get tanned very
easily.
21 Definite article(3)
1 1Aran Islands 2Republic of Ghana
3Red Sea 4south of France 5Dolomites

6Sahara desert 7Isle of Elba 8Seine
9Ritz Hotel 10New York Times
2 1X; A: the, the; B: the, X 2The; A: the;
B: the 3A: the; B: X 4X; A: the; B: the

5the; A: X; B: X 6X, The, X; A: X; B:
The 7X, the; A: the; B: X 8the; A: the;
B: the
3 1the 2 3 4 5an 6 7
8the 9 10 11The 12 13
14the 15 16 17 18 19
20 21 22the 23the
1 1a 2a 3the 4X 5an 6the 7X
8the 9the 10the 11the 12the 13X

14the 15a 16X 17a
2 Pronomiriflessiviereciprocidacancellare:
1himself 4himself 5yourself 7himself

8himself 9himself 11each other
3 1are 2confiscate 3these 4they arent
5They are 6those 7They arent 8They

are 9these 10are 11that 12is
13isnt 14this 15is growing 16is
4 1one sculpture of hers 2some students of
theirs 3a friend of mine 4songs of ours

5 1B 2A 3D 4B 5C 6A 7D 8A
9A 10B 11B 12A 13D 14D

15A
Grammar key
6 1of my cousins is 2attendant of the
generals 3of Susans 4Mrs Taylors

students fail 5of his were 6are(both)
helping themselves to 7are helping each
other/one another 8by himself
9year-old man 10page novel
7 1The city centre itself is small, but the
outskirts are very large. 2In this picture,

the painter portrays himself. 3I dont
need your help. I can do it myself. 4This
shop sells do-it-yourself furniture. 5Why
dont you pour yourself a drink? 6Were
enjoying ourselves a lot. 7Paul is talking to
himself. 8The teacher herself doesnt know
the answer.
8 1The two boys fell from the tree and hurt
themselves. - The two boys had a fight and

hurt each other. 2The two defendants
accuse each other. - Both defendants accuse
themselves of the crime. 3Deanna and
Robert support each other in difficult
moments. - My children/sons have got a
part-time job and support themselves at
university.
9 1Sheila is washing her hair. 2The new
student is introducing himself to the class.

3The children are getting bored. 4Chris
and Ingrid phone each other every day.
5Every morning I look at myself in the
mirror. 6Be careful! Youll hurt yourself.
THE PRESENT
23 Present simple: affirmative and

negative forms
1 1works 2says 3come 4love
5organises 6travel 7stay 8watch
2 1practises 2flies 3stays 4misses
5sees 6watches 7goes 8tries
3 1doesnt do 2doesnt pay 3doesnt listen
4doesnt help 5dont like 6dont study
4 1buy 2dont buy 3read 4doesnt read
5buys 6dont wear 7wear
24 Present simple: interrogative

form and short answers
1 1Does your wife come from Italy, too? Yes,
she does. 2Does your wife speak English?

No, she doesnt. 3Do you and your wife
like England? Yes, we do. 4Do your
children go to the local school? No, they
dont. 5Do you work in the town? Yes, I do.
6Does your wife work? No, she doesnt.
2 1Does your brother play 2Does the bank
close 3Do you like 4Do your parents

live 5Does Jules come 6Does Sally work
3 1Where does Prince Harry live? 2Which
bus do I take for the Science Museum?

3What time does the Science Museum
open? 4How much does it cost to visit the
museum? 5When do the sales at Harrods
start? 6Where do they sell tickets for the
Opera?
4 1What languages do you speak? 2Do
many tourists come to Sydney? 3Where

do you take the tourists? 4Do they give
you tips? 5Do you work every day? 6Do
you like your job?
25 Present simple and adverbs of

frequency
1 1It usually gets dark early in winter. 2It
is always very cold in winter in Scandinavia.

3It is often hot in southern Europe in
summer. 4In Finland it snows every
winter. 5There are normally 365days in a
year. 6Birds frequently fly to hot countries
in winter.
2 1Do you usually get up late? 2Are you
always busy? 3Do you ever go away at

the weekend? 4Are you often at home on
Grammar key
Saturday evening? 5Do you sometimes go

to the theatre? 6Do you usually watch TV?
7Are you ever bored? 8Do you always see
your friends at the weekend?
Risposte aperte
3 Risposte aperte
26 Verb have; idiomatic uses of
3 1The babysitter isnt helping him. 2Shes
ignoring him. 3Sue and Joy arent reading.

4Theyre watching TV. 5The baby isnt
sleeping. 6Hes crying.
4 1are you phoning; m phoning 2are you
going; m going 3is Ann looking for; s

looking for 4are the children doing; re
watching 5Are you making a cake; I am
6are you running; is coming
have
1 1Does Alan have satellite TV? No he
doesnt. / Has Alan got satellite TV? No, he

hasnt. 2Do Tim and Joy have a computer?
Yes, they do. / Have Tim and Joy got a
computer? Yes, they have. 3Do they have
satellite TV? No, they dont. / Have they
got satellite TV? No, they havent. 4Does
Alan have a digital camera? Yes, he does. /
Has Alan got a digital camera? Yes, he has.
5Does Alan have a DVD player? No, he
doesnt. / Has Alan got a DVD player? No,
he hasnt. 6Do Tim and Joy have a DVD
player? Yes, they do. / Have Tim and Joy got
a DVD player? Yes, they have.
2 1has breakfast 2has a cup of coffee 3has
a sandwich 4have dinner 5has a driving

lesson 6has a party 7has two weeks
holiday
3 1Do you have breakfast 2do you have
3Do you have three meals 4do you have

5Do you have 6do you have
Risposte aperte
27 Present continuous(1)
1 1re relaxing 2are swimming 3are
playing 4s winning 5s getting 6s

sitting 7s reading 8s sleeping 9s
taking 10m wearing
2 1Are you helping Trevor? Yes, I am. 2Are
Sue and Joy reading? Yes, they are. 3Is the

baby sleeping? No, he isnt. 4Is he crying?
No, he isnt. 5Are you preparing dinner?
Yes, I am. 6What are you cooking? Im
cooking pasta.
8
28 Contrast: present simple/

present continuous(1)
1 1live; are staying 2cook; are eating
3goes; is camping 4get up; are having

5does; is visiting 6runs; is relaxing
2 1A do you work; work 2C s raining
3A does 4C arent you paying; s

disturbing 5C isnt eating 6A does
3 Espressionidacancellare: 1Do you enjoy
2are having 3has 4are you wanting

5are you usually having 6do you have
4 00hate 1m writing 2m watching
3are playing 4have 5know 6love

7dont think 8s winning 9needs
1 1isnt working 2loves 3is enjoying
4is watching 5comes 6is trying 7is

finding 8is losing
2 1make 2Do you often go 3are you
living 4re studying 5phone 6do you

usually finish
3 1dance 2usually practise 3do you
practise 4normally practise 5often

rehearse 6are you rehearsing 7re
rehearsing 8m enjoying 9m learning
4 1Im working. 2Its raining. 3It gets
very hot. 4I listen to music. 5Hes

playing tennis.
5 1m writing 2does the post office close
3want 4m going 5think 6do tigers
Grammar key
come 7live 8say 9s looking 10s

coming 11m joking 12are you having
13Do you want 14dont like 15Do you
have 16dont have 17hate 18dont
believe
6 1come 2do you live 3Do you know
4dont 5has 6m visiting 7Are you

enjoying 8am 9love 10Are you staying
11come 12live 13m waiting
7 1is preening 2knows 3are filming
4are watching 5is enjoying 6are taking

7tune 8enjoy 9do 10become
31 Contrast: present simple/

present continuous(2)
1 1looks 2gets 3crashes 4m doing
5does it finish 6s getting 7does Nick

do 8plays 9doesnt like 10wants
2 1gets 2s raining 3seem 4have 5does
6s learning 7do 8spend 9doesnt offer

10usually drive 11re building
3 1are going 2is changing 3are beginning
4regularly download 5believes 6offers

7hold
8 1C 2A 3C 4C 5B 6D 7B 8C
9A 10D
9 1PS 2PS 3PC 4PC 5PS 6PS
7PC 8PC
10 1do you do; work 2hibernate 3m
losing 4s sleeping 5sleep; get up

6often drives 7re driving 8Are you
studying; m reading
11 Risposta aperta
12 Risposta aperta
30 Present continuous(2)
1 1are always shouting 2re going 3are
getting 4m learning; s teaching 5re

sleeping; re decorating
2 1Frase 2 2Frase 5 3Frase 1
3 1re studying 2re studying 3s changing
4s getting 5s melting 6is creating.
Situazioniinevoluzione: the Arctics

climates changing. - Its getting warmer and
the ices melting. - The difference in the
climate is creating serious problems for polar
bears.
4 1Im visiting 2Hes spending 3What is
he studying? 4Hes doing 5How long are

you staying? 6m leaving
1 1G 2F 3A 4D 5H 6E 7B
2 1Im spending the year in Spain. 2Are
you studying at a university there? 3Im

not. 4Im teaching English in a secondary
school. 5Are you enjoying it? 6Im
enjoying it very much. 7Where are you
living? 8Im living with a Spanish girl.
9She doesnt speak English 10my Spanish
is improving a lot.
3 1A: What time do you usually go to bed?
B: I never go to bed before ten oclock.

2A: Why is the dog barking? B: Theres
a cat. 3Computer batteries are getting
more and more powerful. 4Sandra is
always criticising everything I do. Im fed
up. 5When water freezes, its volume
increases. 6A: What are you watching?
B: Im watching a film. 7A: Wheres
Daniel going? B: Hes going to bed.
8A: Where does Daniel go to school?
B: He goes to Frome High School.
4 1always works; takes 2are always
shouting; never tell 3do you want; Do you

accept 4start/are starting; usually start;
are starting 5is Jeff studying; believe
6does he do; designs
5 1are advertising 2are taking 3appears
4reports 5is increasing 6explains
Grammar key
7dont earn 8seems 9forget 10need

11start 12often spend 13get
6 1re staying 2like 3start 4suppose
5think 6dont feel 7normally take 8s

teaching 9hope 10re looking for 11re
getting
7 1B 2C 3D 4B 5A 6B 7A 8C
9C 10D
8 1are you reading 2re camping 3come
4gets 5m learning 6s expanding 7has

8leaves 9s always playing
PREPOSITIONS
33 Prepositions of time
4 Risposte aperte
1 Unorariospecifico e periodi particolari
5 1It finishes on the third of June two
= AT: midnight, lunchtime, 15.00, the

weekend
Unperiodospecifico = IN: the autumn,

2009, September, the evening, the 20th
century
Ungiornospecifico=ON: our wedding
day, Sunday 6th, Monday morning,
Christmas Day
2 Preposizionierrate:1on 2on 3on 4in
5on 6at 7in 8on 9in
3 1in 2at; in 3X 4from; to; on 5on;
on 6on 7at; X 8on

4 1to 2in 3at 4at 5on 6at 7on
8at 9at 10in
thousand and twelve. 2Intensive courses

start on the twenty-first of September two
thousand and eleven and on the fourteenth
of January two thousand and twelve.
3They finish on the twelfth of November
two thousand and eleven and the twentieth
of February two thousand and twelve.
4the eighteenth of March two thousand and
twelve. 5From the seventh to the eleventh
of January two thousand and twelve.
35 Main prepositions of place

1 1on; in 2in 3at 4at 5in 6on; in
2 Preposizionierrate: 1on; at 2in; in 3at;
at 4in 5at; at; on 6at
34 The date and ordinal numbers
3 1in 2at 3in 4in 5on 6in 7on
1 1fifth; 5 2twenty-seventh; 27
4 1in 2at 3on 4at 5in 6in 7at 8at
th
th
3ninetieth; 90th 4eighth; 8th 5twelfth;

12th 6fourth; 4th 7ninth; 9th 8sixth; 6th
9third; 3rd
2 1tenth 2sixtieth 3twenty-second 4first
5thirtieth 6fifteenth 7eightieth
3 1the eighth of April nineteen thirty-seven
2the first of July two thousand and eight

3the twenty-second of March sixteen
ninety-one 4the thirty-first of January two
thousand 5the third of February eighteen
hundred 6the twelfth of September
nineteen 0eight 7the eleventh of August
thirteen ninety-two
10
8in 9in 10in
5 1on 2near 3above - over 4under
5on 6over - above 7above
6 1near; in front of 2above 3among
4below 5in 6next to
7 1between 2near 3behind/near 4in
front of 5opposite 6at

8 Risposte aperte
36 Main prepositions of motion

1 1onto 2into 3to 4from
Grammar key
2 1into 2out of 3from 4to 5off
6onto 7out of 8in
3 1is getting on/onto 2is getting off 3is
getting off 4is getting on 5is getting out

of
39 More prepositions of place and

motion
1 1across 2around 3through 4inside
5up 6over 7down
4 Risposte aperte
2 1up 2across 3along 4down
3 1inside 2round 3through 4down
5through 6over 7around 8outside

5over 6across 7up 8towards
1 1tenth 2from 3to 4in 5On 6at
7on 8on 9to
2 1next to 2near 3opposite 4at
5behind
Da sinistra a destra i nomi mancanti sono
Cindy e Tony
3 1at 2in 3from 4to 5at 6from
7to 8at
4 1in 2in 3in 4at 5on 6in 7on
8at 9on
5 A 1in 2at 3at 4to 5in
B 6on 7at 8in 9at 10in

C 11in 12to 13on 14at
Animalepiidoneo: Alsatian for Beth Goldfish for Chris - Horse for Helen
6 1in 2on 3in 4at 5in 6on 7to
8on/onto 9at 10by 11in 12in

13on 14at
38 Other time expressions: by/in/

within/in two months time;
until/to; by the time; for/over
1 1by(M); in(P) 2in(P); by(M)
3by(M); in(P) 4In(P); by(M)
2 1by the time 2By then 3by the time
4By now 5by then
3 1to 2until 3until 4from 5to

4 1Turin was the capital of Italy for three
years. 2Rod finished the report over the

weekend. 3I stayed at the Carlton Hotel
for a week. 4Our friends stayed at our
house over Christmas.
40 Expressions which cause

confusion: on time/in time; at
the end/in the end; over/above/
across
1 1in 2in 3at 4on 5at 6in
2 1below 2across - over 3under 4above
5above 6below 7over
3 1In the end 2below 3on time 4in
time 5at the end 6under 7over 8at

the end
1 A1over B 2out of; 3over C 4into
5over 6through 7over D 8across

9onto 10out of 11At the end E12on
13off 14inside 15on time 16within
F17under - below 18above 19within
20by G 21in the end 22by 23in time
HRisposta aperta
2 1Il pagamento deve essere fatto entro tre
giorni dal ricevimento della merce. 2C

uno sconto del 10% se prenota/prenotate
entro il 30aprile. 3Se ordina/ordinate
ora, ricever/riceverete i libri entro una
settimana. 4by 5within
6in/in Xs time
3 1Dont call Lucia at this time. By now shes
certainly in bed. 2We rushed/ran to the

station, but by then the train had left.
4 1D 2C 3A 4D 5A 6D 7A
8C 9B 10C
11
Grammar key
QUANTIFIERS
42 Countable/uncountable nouns
1 Nonnumerabili: ham; cheese; pizza; wine;
milk
Formeerrate: 1are 2has got 3is 4are
5is 6are 7are 8is
2 Sostantivinumerabili: watch(orologio)
- door(porta) - exam(esame) result(risultato) - bicycle(bicicletta) family(famiglia) - shop(negozio) calculator(calcolatrice) - pencil(matita) teacher(insegnante)

Sostantivinonnumerabili:
aluminium(alluminio) - intelligence
(intelligenza) - patience(pazienza) love(amore) - sadness(tristezza) - salt(sale)
- silver(argento) - education(istruzione) mayonnaise(maionese)
3 1three 2three cans 3two tins 4a bottle
5a tube 6a kilo 7a 8a packet 9a bar
4 1a chocolate cake 2two ice creams
3some chocolate cake 4a tea 5some ice

cream
5 1luggage; transport 2spaghetti; money
3damage; evidence 4music; equipment
6 1a) is; b) one piece of 2a) is; b) are 3a)is;
b) need 4a) a piece of; b) is 5a) helps;

b) a nice piece of 6a) a piece of; b) isnt
7 1is 2are 3is 4is 5is 6is 7is 8is
9is
4 1any 2a 3some 4some 5a 6any
7some 8a
44 There is/are with countable and

uncountable nouns
1 1There is 2there isnt 3there are
4There is 5there are
2 1Is there a sauna? No, there isnt. 2Are
there any family rooms? Yes, there are. 3Is

there a TV in the bedroom? Yes, there is.
4Is there satellite TV? No, there isnt. 5Is
there a private car park? Yes, there is. 6Are
there any facilities for young children? Yes,
there are.
3 1There are 2There are 3Theres
4theres
Il titolo del programma : The Witness
4 1There is 2bathroom 3there are 4bus
5there is
45 Much, many, a lot of with nouns;

a lot, much with verbs
1 1much; a lot of 2many; many 3much;
43 Some, any, no
1 1some 2some 3a 4a 5some
6some
2 Formeerrate: 1a 2any 3some 4any
5some 6an 7any 8some 9any
3 1Have we got any flour? Yes, weve got
some. 2Have we got any bacon? No,

we havent got any./No, weve got none.
12
3Have we got any butter? Yes, weve got

some. 4Have we got any cheese? No,
we havent got any./No, weve got none.
5Have we got any mushrooms? No, we
havent got any./No, weve got none.
much 4many; many 5many; many

6many; a lot
2 1How much 2How many 3many
4much 5How many 6How much
3 1many 2a lot of 3much 4a lot of
5a lot of 6a lot of/much
4 1much; a lot of 2much; a lot 3a lot
of 4many; many 5many; a lot 6much;

much/a lot
Grammar key
46 One/ones
1 1Which ones, the white ones? 2Try
this one by Wilbur Smith. 3That one.

4Which ones? 5A black one or a red one?
6The ones on the table.
2 1ones 2ones 3one 4one 5one 6one
Sue: Guarda quelle scarpe in vetrina.

Rita: Quali?
Sue: Quelle nere vicine a quelle beige. Sono
proprio carine.
Rita: Perch non le provi?
Sue: S, daccordo. Hanno anche delle belle
borse. La mia borsa vecchissima. Ho
bisogno di unanuova.
Rita: Potresti prenderne una nera da abbinare
alle scarpe. Quella l non cara.
Sue: Intendi quella con le borchie?
3 1large one 2comfortable ones 3brown
one 4clean one 5new ones

4 1Which shirt do you prefer? The blue one
or the white one? 2A: Which is Anitas

brother? B: The tall one near the door.
3A: I like those jeans in the window.
B: Which ones? 4A: Which is your
umbrella? This one or that one? B: The
brown one. 5A: Were at the Regent Hotel.
B: I know it. Its the one on the seafront.
6A: Where are Barbaras sunglasses?
B: Theyre the ones on the table.
47 Too, too much, too many

1 1too 2too much 3too much 4too
many 5too 6too much 7too many

8too much 9too
2 1too much 2too many 3too much
4too much 5too 6too 7too much

8too much
3 1too expensive 2too late 3too many
people 4too much milk 5too many ads

6use the computer too much
4 1too much 2too much 3too 4too
many 5too
48 Enough with adjectives,

adverbs, nouns and verbs
1 1She doesnt pay enough attention. 2She
doesnt write clearly enough. 3She doesnt

concentrate enough. 4She doesnt do
enough homework. 5She isnt interested
enough in her work. 6Her results arent
good enough.
2 1She doesnt use enough butter. 2Her
butter isnt soft enough. 3She doesnt beat

the mixture enough. 4She doesnt leave the
cake to cook enough. 5The oven isnt hot
enough.
3 1m (not) confident enough 2m (not)
talented enough 3can/cant sing well

enough 4(dont) know enough jokes 5m
(not) photogenic enough 6can/cant act
well enough
4 Risposte aperte
49 Both and, either or,

neither nor
1 1and 2either 3or 4neither 5nor
6either 7or 8neither 9nor 10both

11and
2 1nor 2either 3or 4both 5and
6either 7or
3 1Neither John nor 2both fish and
3either on Friday evening or on Saturday

4Neither Jane nor 5either the blue pen or
1 1any 2There are 3How many 4there
are 5There is 6no 7There are 8there

is 9any
2 1any 2a 3some 4an 5any 6none
7some 8much
3 1none 2no 3none 4any 5no
6none
4 Risposte aperte
13
Grammar key
5 1any 2a lot of 3How many 4a lot
of 5many 6any 7any 8much 9any

10some 11How much 12a lot of
13much
6 1A lot of/Many people often need to contact
me 2I dont use it much 3both Nick and
I have got the same game 4Nick and some
of my other school friends 5you have

enough time at school 6theres no time
7 1old enough 2long enough 3interesting
enough 4too cold 5too late 6too fast

8 1C 2A 3C 4D 5A 6C 7C 8B
9A 10C
9 1We havent got much bread. Can you buy
some bread rolls? 2Dont put too much

salt into the water. Yesterday the pasta was
too salty. 3Neither Pietro nor Daniele
want to go out tonight. Theyre too tired.
4A: Can you give me my bag? B: Which is
it? A: The brown one on the chair.
5A: Have you got any books on/about
Egypt? B: If there are any, theyre on that
shelf. 6A: Im hungry. B: There are some
biscuits. Do you want some? 7There
isnt much fruit. Theres an apple and
two bananas. 8A: Have you got much
homework for tomorrow? B: No, I havent
got much. 9There isnt much information
about the accident. 10A: Have you got
enough money for tonight? B. Yes, I have.
The tickets dont cost much.
51 Compounds of some, any, no

and every
1 1something 2anywhere 3Nobody;
Everyone 4nothing 5anything

6somewhere 7nothing 8nowhere;
Everywhere
2 1anything(cosa) 2anywhere(luogo)
3nothing(cosa) 4something(cosa)
5anyone/anybody(persona)
6anywhere(luogo)
4 1anything 2is; their 3something
4Everywhere 5anything 6something
5 0anything; anything 1anything
2Nobody/No-one; anyone/anybody
3anywhere 4anywhere
5anybody/anyone 6something
6 1their 2them 3their 4They

7 1Some of the students 2Somebody/
Someone 3anywhere 4anyone/anybody

else 5any of you; None of us 6anything
interesting
8 1anywhere 2somewhere 3any of
4someone 5no-one 6something else

7something sharp 8anything
52 (A) little,(a) few

1 1few 2little 3few; little 4few 5little
6few
2 1a few books 2a few clothes 3a little
water 4a little suntan cream 5a few trees

3 1a little knowledge 2a little milk 3a
little time 4a few apples

4 1a little 2little 3a little 4few 5a few
6a little 7A few
53 Comparing quantities with more/

the most; less/the least; fewer/the
fewest;(not) as much/many as
1 1less; the least 2more; the most 3more;
less 4More; the most 5fewer; more; the

fewest
2 1fewer languages than 2as many
languages as 3less self-confidence than

4as much self-confidence as
3 1as much money as 2as many points
3as much traffic 4as many tickets tonight

as 5as much support from
3 1something 2anywhere 3something
4anything 5Nobody/No-one 6anywhere
14
Grammar key
54 Some(of), all(of), none(of),

most(of), plenty of
1 1All 2some 3most 4None 5most
6most 7all 8some
2 1X(G) 2of(S) 3of(S) 4of(S)
5X(G) 6X(G)
3 1(of ) 2X 3(of ) 4of 5X
55 Both(of), either(of), neither(of),

all/everything, every/each(of)
1 1Neither; has got 2Neither; has got
3Both; have got 4Neither; has got

5Both; have got 6Both; have got
7Neither; has got 8either 9Neither; has
got 10Either; is
2 1All; are 2Everything; looks 3all; live

3 1all 2 all 3 all everything 4 all
5Everything
4 1each 2Every 3each 4every
1 1any 2Each 3either 4All 5both
6neither 7everything
2 1everything 2something 3someone
4nothing 5everywhere 6anything

7anywhere 8anyone
3 Risposte aperte
4 1A 2C 3D 4D 5C 6D 7A
8C 9B 10C 11A 12C 13A

14D
5 1The 2 3very 4of 5people 6
7Any 8 9less 10 11to 12

13 14in 15
6 1was little enthusiasm 2a few people
visited 3sell as many copies as 4less

support than 5fewer vacancies for doctors
than 6the most fish 7most of the
biscuits 8slept the least 9on each side
of the/on either side of the 10on every
side
7 1You will find our products in most
supermarkets. 2Most of your answers

are correct. 3I collected most of these
specimens on my travels. 4Most countries
have introduced summer time. 5I know
most of the people that work in this
office. 6Most hotels accept credit cards.
7We found a lot of mushrooms and my
father found the most. 8That night my
mother cooked most of the mushrooms.
9Everybody in my family loves to read, but
my sister reads the most books. 10My
sister has read most of the books in our
library. 11Most of you know the rules of
our club. 12In those days most people
were illiterate. 13We played a match and I
scored the most goals. 14Every year most
of our students pass the exam.
THE PAST(1)
57 Past simple verb be

1 1The food wasnt very nice. 2There were
a lot of boring people. 3Sues boyfriend

wasnt very friendly. 4Sues new trousers
were horrible. 5I was too tired to dance.
6My new shoes werent very comfortable.
2 1was not/wasnt 2were 3was 4was
3 1Were you there with friends? 2Was it
very hot? 3Was the sea clean? 4Were

you in a hotel? 5Was Greece expensive?
6Were the Greeks friendly?
4 1No, I wasnt. 2Yes, it was. 3Yes, it was.
4Yes, we were. 5No, it wasnt. 6Yes,

they were.
5were not/werent 6were 7was 8was

not/wasnt 9was
15
Grammar key
58 Past simple regular verbs:

affirmative form
1 1borrowed 2played 3studied
4watched 5visited
2 1She always ordered champagne in
restaurants. 2She never cleaned the house

herself. 3She never worried about money.
4Carol and her husband never stayed at
home in the evenings. 5They preferred to
go out to restaurants or the theatre. 6They
organised a trip abroad every two months.
3 1played 2decided 3worked 4started
5introduced 6persuaded 7starred

8received
4 1stopped -(D) - waited 2passed -(A)
- opened 3appeared -(E) - looked 4(F)

- walked 5started -(B) - disappeared
59 Past simple irregular verbs:

affirmative form
1 Irregolari: swam/to swim fed/to feed
made/to make paid/to pay read/to read

said/to say
Regolari: saved/to save tried/to try liked/
to like
2 1chose 2cost 3met 4kept
5brought 6built 7left 8wrote

9put 10ran 11got 12gave
13read 14came 15meant 16made
17sent 18drove
Lavoro di Christine: COMPUTER
PROGRAMMER
3 1took 2left 3drove 4went 5slept
6got up 7spent
4 1played; gave 2lived; moved
3learned/learnt 4did 5bought 6did
60 Past simple regular/irregular

verbs: interrogative and
negative forms
1 1Did Aunt Julie invite; Yes, she did. 2Did
you take; Yes, I did. 3Did your friends

come; Yes, they did. 4Did they stay; No,
they didnt. 5Did you do; No, I didnt.
6Did anyone phone; No, they didnt.
2 1Gill didnt give 2You didnt pass 3You
didnt go 4Your parents didnt buy 5Your

mother didnt live 6You didnt play
3 1Where did you park 2What time did the
film finish 3Where did you go 4Where

did you meet 5What did you have
6What did you give
4 1Did you like 2loved 3did you see
4Did you go 5watched 6Did the

teachers take 7went 8went 9spent
10didnt buy 11bought
61 Past continuous
1 1was cooking 2were listening to music
3was writing an e-mail 4were studying

5was cleaning 6were talking
2 1A: What were you cooking? B: I was
cooking spaghetti. 2A: What were you

listening to? B: We were listening to the
radio. 3A: Who were you writing to?
B: I was writing to a friend. 4A: What
were you studying? B: We were studying
physics. 5A: What were you cleaning?
B: I was cleaning my room. 6A: What
were you talking about? B: We were talking
about our son.
3 1was travelling; was writing 2was
discussing; were having 3were having;

were looking 4was sitting; was studying
5 Risposte aperte
16
Grammar key
62 Contrast: past continuous/past

simple
1 1While Jeff was cutting the grass, he found
a watch. 2I was walking to school when

I met Tony. 3I was washing the car when
it began to rain. 4You were not studying
when I came in. 5Johns mobile phone
rang twice while we were having a meeting.
6The bus arrived while I was talking to
Nick.
2 1phoned 2wanted 3didnt know 4was
writing 5arrived 6needed 7didnt have

8came 9was preparing 10were you
doing 11phoned 12was having
3 1flew 2hired 3drove 4took 5arrived
6went 7had 8decided 9were walking

10stopped 11was 12was
4 1was raining 2was passing 3saw 4was
wearing 5was standing 6stopped 7got

8was not
5 1sat 2was crying 3noticed 4was
blowing 5were not 6were jogging

7were playing 8were 9tried 10had
11was he
6 Risposte aperte
63 Used to
1 1used to go out every night 2used to
spend a lot on clothes 3used to eat a lot

4used to be fat 5used to work long hours;
used to be a manager
2 1Did you use to get good marks? 2Did
you use to play any sports? 3Did you use

to go out a lot? 4Did you use to help in
the house? 5Did you use to get pocket
money?
3 1I used to get quite good marks because I
used to copy. 2I used to play rugby. I used

to be in the school team. 3No, I didnt use
to go out at all. 4Yes, I used to do lots of
jobs in the house. 5There didnt use to be
pocket money in those days.
4 1used to ride 2didnt use to wear 3used
to wear 4didnt use to be 5used to be

6didnt use to be
5 Risposte aperte
1 1made 2was 3were 4left 5studied
6began 7became 8made 9got married

10went 11won 12had 13died
2 1did you go 2was 3went 4met
5didnt like 6met 7did the party finish

8finished 9did you get 10walked
11were 12didnt want
3 1Where did you buy this cake? 2What
time did the show end? 3When did Sue

and Carl get engaged? 4What time did the
plane land? 5Where did you put my keys?
4 1was waiting 2was she doing 3was
doing 4Did you see 5Yes, I did.

6happened 7was standing 8stopped
9was giving 10crashed
5 1saw 2noticed 3were taking 4were
5saw 6were getting 7called 8received

9arrested
6 1rang; was looking for 2stole; was cycling
3were you saying; interrupted 4was not

waiting; arrived 5left; was washing 6was
not wearing; saw 7were not sleeping; got;
opened; were waiting 8didnt see; was
driving 9were standing; arrived 10didnt
want; got
7 1used to have 2used to be 3didnt use
4use to believe 5used to be 6didnt use
8 crossed; went
knew; liked
was blowing
blew; pulled
saw
was sitting; was talking
17
Grammar key
65 Past perfect simple

1 1had seen 2had ridden 3had flown
4hadnt been 5hadnt seen 6hadnt

toured 7hadnt been
2 1cooked 2had left 3had 4had already
started 5hadnt made 6did 7had

already opened
3 1went 2had seen 3had made 4got
5showed 6washed 7cut 8looked

9had seen
66 Conjunctions in narrative(after,
before, when, while/during, as,
just as, as soon as)
1 1Before 2After 3Before 4After
5Before 6After
2 2After parking the car, I caught the bus
into the centre. 4After arriving home, Sue

made herself a cup of tea. 6After getting
up, Tony had a shower.
3 1while 2During 3just as 4during
5as
4 1learned/learnt to swim when she was
forty 2just as the ferry was 3during

the discussion of 4went to bed only after
5she had said goodbye to 6as they were
filming/as he was filming 7as soon as I got
1 1past continuous: Sentence 1
2a past simple: Sentences 3and 4
2b past simple: Sentence 6
2c past simple: Sentence 7
3past continuous e past simple: Sentence 2
4past perfect simple: Sentence 5
2 1Sues train had left when she got to the
station.(A) - Sue got to the station before

her train left.(C)
18
2Richard was listening to music while he

was studying yesterday.(C) - Richard used
to listen to music while he was studying.(B)
- Yesterday Richard listened to some music.
Then he studied.(A)
3 1saw 2was shopping 3did you buy
4saw 5was looking 6didnt get 7were

you 8fell 9was cycling 10Did you see
11didnt see 12were having 13started
4 1remembered 2had left 3decided
4was walking 5started 6ran 7decided

8looked 9opened 10had left
5 1realised 2had left 3hesitated 4had
invited 5didnt want 6needed 7went

8ran 9grabbed 10raced 11was getting
12had forgotten
6 1leaving 2worked 3taught 4was
teaching 5met 6left 7spent

8returned 9leaving 10stayed
11collected 12died
7 1had spent 2was 3was lying 4heard
5put 6touched 7called 8discovered

9had killed
8 B 1 C 4 D 1 E 3 F 2
A went B closed; switched C was

going; saw D arrived E was playing; was
singing F was still studying
9 1While I was doing my homework, my
friend arrived. 2Before getting married,

I used to go to the theatre at least once a
month. I liked it a lot. 3My parents were
living with my grandparents when I was
born. 4Once I didnt use to like horror
films. Now I like them a lot. 5The teacher
got very angry with Clare because she hadnt
done her homework. 6The phone rang,
but Nick ignored it. 7Yesterday I bought
the new Robbie Williams record/Robbie
Williams new record. 8When I was
sixteen I used to go out only on Saturday
nights. Now I go out every night.
Grammar key
THE PAST(2)
68 Present perfect simple

1 1have hired 2has invited 3have
organised 4has promised 5has bought

6has written 7has got 8have sent
2 1havent studied 2hasnt finished
3havent got 4havent signed 5havent

bought 6havent found
3 1Has Simon cleaned his teeth? 2Have
you given Michael his clean clothes? 3Has

Sandra had her breakfast? 4Have you
made the beds? 5Has Kevin brushed his
hair? 6Have Kevin and Simon drunk their
milk?
4 1Have you fed; Yes, I have. 2Have I
left; No, you havent. 3Has Gill phoned;

No, she hasnt. 4havent met 5Have
you made; No, I havent. 6has scratched
7Has Sandra booked; Yes, she has. 8Have
you locked; Yes, I have.
question. 3Ive just heard the news about

Sandra. 4We havent lost one match yet.
5Have you(recently) sat any exams recently?
6Hes always wanted to learn to ski. 7I
have already fed the dog. 8I still havent
received your payment. 9The postman has
just delivered this letter. 10I have(recently)
started learning German recently.
2 1She hasnt cooked the chicken yet. 2She
has already made a sweet. 3She has already

washed her hair. 4She hasnt got changed
yet. 5She has already put the wine in the
fridge. 6She hasnt laid the table yet.
3 1Have you booked a hotel in Birmingham yet?
2Have you found out about flights to Munich

yet? 3Have you cancelled tomorrows meeting
yet? 4Have you typed my report yet? 5Have
you phoned Ann Walsh yet? 6Have you filed
the documents yet?
4 Risposte aperte
5 1have fitted 2have painted 3have built
4have pulled down 5has cut 6has

planted
6 1Ive made a film. 2Ive worked in a hotel
in the Bahamas. 3Ive travelled all over the

world. 4Ive climbed Kilimanjaro. 5Ive
been in politics. 6Ive driven a formula
one racing car.
7 1Shes finished her report for Ben Smart.
2She hasnt phoned the sales representatives.

3Shes had lunch with Helen Grey. 4Shes
written the product descriptions for the
catalogue. 5She hasnt spoken to Carl
Laiker. 6She hasnt tidied her desk.
8 Risposte aperte
69 Present perfect simple with

ever, already, just, still, yet
1 1They have invited us to their house several
times. 2You still havent answered my
70 Contrast: past simple/present

perfect simple
1 1have already seen 2landed 3Have you
ever eaten 4have spent 5havent caught

6didnt phone; forgot
2 1felt; has felt 2wore; hasnt got
3worked; hasnt thought 4read; has read

5had; hasnt had 6saw; hasnt seen
3 1had 2handed in 3have already given
4havent met 5havent spent 6have gone

7went 8have just invited 9have never
been 10sent
4 Risposte aperte
5 1(R) D 2(R) E 3(E) A 4(R) G
5(E) B 6(R) F
6 1She has cut her hair. 2She has bought a
new dress. 3She has cooked a nice dinner.

4She has opened a bottle of red wine.
19
Grammar key
5She has lit some candles. 6She has found

his favourite CD.
7 1ve crossed; Did you cross 2ve worked;
Did you find 3ve climbed; Did you climb

4ve met; Did they all speak 5ve eaten;
did you eat 6ve seen; Did you see
8 Risposte aperte
1 1She has sat her first year exams at
university. 2She hasnt learnt to swim well.

3She has saved some money. 4She hasnt
bought her own computer. 5She hasnt
found a job for the summer. 6She has
spent some time abroad.
2 Risposte aperte
3 1Have you ever got 2Have you ever
travelled 3Have you ever tasted 4Have

you ever climbed 5Have you ever started
Risposte aperte
4 1Have you asked 2yet 3havent 4ve
already bought 5havent done 6yet

7ve already ordered 8Have you phoned
9yet 10havent
5 1didnt 2Was it 3was 4was 5have set
up 6has visited 7did he go 8went 9liked

6 1has lived; lived 2has done; joined 3has
done; did 4has been; went 5has gone;

went 6has made; made
7 1have had 2have worked 3have worked
4did you work 5worked 6Have you

ever organised 7have 8was 9worked
10organised 11Have you had 12have
13ran 14contacted
8 1have seen 2has tried 3havent seen/
have never seen 4hasnt been/has never

been 5have slept 6have eaten
9 1Have you already eaten? 2did you leave
3you have flown 4Have you ever eaten

5Did you like 6Have you eaten
20
72 Present perfect continuous

1 1Karens sister has been trying on clothes all
afternoon. 2Her aunt and uncle have been

looking for a last-minute present. 3Karens
father has been practising his speech all
afternoon. 4The caterers have been
preparing the food all afternoon. 5Karen
has been worrying about details all day.
6Vick has been organising his stag night.
2 1have been chatting 2has been writing
3has been reading 4has been listening

5have been playing 6has been looking
Azioniconclusedapoco: Frasi 2, 5, 6
3 1Roger has been writing reports all day.
2I have been updating the database all

afternoon. 3Sue and Joy have been
doing the accounts all afternoon. 4Vick
and Peter have been organising the sales
conference all day.
73 Present perfect simple/present

perfect continuous with for or
since
1 1since 2since 3for 4since 5for
6since 7since 8for 9for 10for
2 1has been painting the scenery since ten
oclock this morning/for six hours 2has

been sewing the costumes since eleven
oclock this morning/for five hours 3has
been rehearsing since two oclock in the
afternoon/for two hours 4has been
practising the songs since three oclock in the
afternoon/for one hour 5has been trying
out the dance routines since three thirty in
the afternoon/for half an hour 6have been
checking the lights and audio equipment
since a quarter to four in the afternoon/for a
quarter of an hour
3 1How long have you lived on your own?
Ive lived on my own for six months.

2How long have you gone out with Simon?
Ive gone out with Simon for a year. 3How
long have you had driving lessons? Ive had
driving lessons since last month. 4How
Grammar key
long have you been working in a bar on

Saturdays? Ive been working in a bar on
Saturdays since August. 5How long have
you been doing Latin American dancing?
Ive been doing Latin American dancing
since I met Simon. 6How long have you
been saving money for a car? Ive been
saving money for a car for three months.
4 Risposte aperte
5 1has played 2has not worked 3has been
looking after 4have had 5have known

6have not lived 7has done 8have gone
6 1Its six months since he ate/has eaten bacon
and eggs. 2Its two years since he saw/

has seen his parents. 3Its a month since
he spoke/has spoken to his friend in Wales.
4Its a long time since he had/has had a pint
of Guinness. 5Its ages since he read/has
read an English newspaper. 6Its years since
he went/has been to the cinema. 7Its two
years since he went/has been on a plane.
7 1X 2has been travelling 3has been
working 4has been taking 5has been

working 6X
74 Contrast: present perfect

continuous/present perfect
simple
1 1ve cleaned(azione conclusa da un
certo tempo) 2have been living have
lived(azione tuttora in corso con for /
verbo dazione) 3have liked(azione
tuttora in corso / verbo di stato) 4s been
raining(azione tuttora in corso / senza how
long, for, since) 5ve written(azione appena
conclusa) 6have only ironed(si attira
lattenzione sul risultato dellattivit)

2 1Scientists have been trying to find alternative
forms of energy. - They have developed

the use of solar energy and wind power.
2Scientists have been developing space
technology. - They have built space stations
and gone to the Moon. 3Scientists have
been studying the cell. - They have discovered
DNA. 4Scientists have been developing

communication systems. - They have invented
the internet and the mobile phone.
3 Risposte aperte
75 Past perfect continuous

1 1had been snowing(F) 2had not been
waiting(B) 3had not been working(C)

4had been sitting(A) 5had not been
living(E)
2 1had been living; met 2had been waiting;
was 3decided; had hot been sleeping

4rang; had been expecting 5had you and
James been going out; got engaged 6had
been crying; were
3 1had been expecting 2had been trying
3had been looking for 4had been saving
1 1forgot 2Have you listened 3have never
invited 4has been 5has made 6did

Bill learn 7have lived/have been living
8have had 9have not eaten 10have been
interviewing
2 1Have Italian housewives stopped 2have
been selling/have sold 3interviewed 4said

5have always been 6have always prided
7have given 8have not disappeared
3 1have Liz and Pete been; got 2have been
using; switched 3have you been waiting;

didnt get 4had you and Nigel been going
5lived; did you stay
4 1won 2was 3left 4had been losing
5has been working 6has brought
5 1had an election since 2havent been out
3have been living 4has been working for

our 5heard from Karen for 6have been
6 1Ho questauto da un anno.(Presente

semplice) 2Aiuto! Ho perso gli
occhiali.(Passato prossimo) 3Sono ore che
aspetto.(Presente semplice) 4Ho visto Phil
21
Grammar key
ieri.(Passato prossimo) 5Raffaello visse a

Firenze.(Passato remoto) 6Sono stanco. Ho
studiato sodo.(Passato prossimo)
Presentesemplice: Present perfect simple Present perfect continuous
Passatoprossimo: Present perfect simple Past simple - Present perfect continuous
Passatoremoto: Past simple
7 1Helen hasnt smoked for years. 2I met
Bill in front of the cinema last night. 3Ive

bought a new mobile phone. Look! 4I
havent slept for three nights. 5Ive liked
that group for years. 6Look! Mums made/
prepared some ice cream.
Constructing sentences
77 Basic sentence structure(1)

1
Soggetto
Verbo
Compl. oggetto
1 The men
are planting
2 Janet
is crying.
3 He
spoke
4 He
wore
the medal
5 We
have
four lessons
6 Children
learn
some trees
2 1the first goal unexpectedly in the first
minutes. 2Juventuss advantage after a few

minutes. 3a penalty easily in the second
half. 4the third goal 17minutes from the
end. 5the only goal for Real in the 89th
minute. 6noisily in the city streets until
late at night. 7Chelsea at Manchesters
Old Trafford Stadium on the 28th May.
3 1Luca speaks English very well. 2We
play football on the beach all day. 3A

policeman arrived and told us to move
along. 4Please read the instructions
carefully. 5The team trains in the gym
every day.
78 Order of adjectives
1 1A difficult mathematical problem 2A
comfortable old country house 3An

unusual small wooden table 4An
interesting black and white film
22
Come?
Dove?
in the park.
Quando?
=
=
softly
on the phone
10minutes ago.
proudly
on his chest
during the ceremony.
quickly.
in the morning.
=
2 1Our new red sports car 2Their four
young children 3Two dirty black leather

shoes 4My five expensive antique watches
3 1comfortable small leather 2fantastic
big American 3horrible stuffed South

American/horrible South American stuffed
4ugly purple plastic 5strange oval Japanese
79 Relative pronouns(defining
clauses)
1 1who/that 2which/that 3which/that
4who/that 5who/that 6which/that

7which/that 8who/that
2 1who/that 2which/that 3who/that
4who/that 5which/that 6who/that

7which/that
3 1The trousers which/that Anne is wearing
are nice. 2Thats the girl who/that is

Steves new girlfriend. 3This is the ring
which/that Dave gave me. 4I didnt like
the song which/that you have just played.
Grammar key
5I dont know those people who/that are

over there. 6I like the pizza which/that
Sue made.
4 Si possono omettere i pronomi relativi nelle
frasi 0, 1, 3, 4, 6.
5 1Did you enjoy the book that/which you
were reading? 2The girl that/who Tim

met on holiday was French. 3The house
that/which we rented last summer was very
nice. 4I dont like the T-shirt that/which
my mum bought me. 5The man that/
who you saw is my brother-in-law. 6The
person that/who the police want to question
is from York.
6 1This is the house where they live. 2This
is their neighbour that/who spoke English

well. 3This is the school where I went
every day. 4This is our teacher that/who
was very nice. 5This is the French boy
that/who I met on the last day. 6This is
the restaurant which he took me to. 7This
is the girl whose mum is a friend of my
mum. 8This is the photo that/which I
took of the Eiffel Tower.
7 Si possono omettere i pronomi relativi nelle
frasi 0, 5, 8.
8 1where 2whose 3who/that 4whose
5where 6who/that 7whose 8which/

that
9 1Heres the article which I was telling you
about. 2This is a photo of the children

who Sue looks after. 3This is the catalogue
which I ordered some things from. 4Who
was that man who you were talking to?
5Whats that song which dad always listens
to? 6Thats the Chinese restaurant which
we often go to.
10 1who/that the police arrested yesterday
2where they saw a modern play 3whose

house I rented in France 4which/that I
bought last year 5who/that had the book
6which/that I want to see
11 1where 2X 3whose 4X 5X 6X
80 Direct/indirect objects
1 1a newsletter to our members 2a hotel
room for my friends 3a new exercise to

Lara 4a message for me
2 1Take Mr Jones the books. - Yes, take them
to Mr Jones. 2Offer aunt Mary a piece of

cake. - Yes, offer it to aunt Mary. 3Read
the contestants the rules of the game. - Yes,
read them to the contestants. 4Send our
clients the new price list. - Yes, send it to
our clients. 5Show your grandparents the
holiday photographs. - Yes, show them to
your grandparents.
3 1a new lesson to our students 2up-to-
date information to teachers 3a residential

course for you 4an e-mail to our secretary
5you a few questions 6you a pleasant tour
81 Auxiliary verbs; So do I/Neither

do I; I think so/I hope so
1 1has E 2had A 3couldnt B
4dont D
2 1So have I. 2So can I. 3Neither/Nor
can I. 4Neither/Nor am I. 5Neither/Nor

have I. 6So do I. 7So did I. 8Neither/
Nor did I.
3 1So have I. 2So have I. 3Neither/Nor
do I. 4Neither/Nor can I. 5Neither/Nor

do I.
4 1dont think so 2expect so 3hope so
4Im afraid not
1 1had breakfast all together in the refectory
2did manual work in the fields or in the

monastery 3read a passage from the Bible
aloud for the other monks 4copied them
carefully in the library 5sang Gregorian
chants in Latin in the church for an hour
6prayed individually in his cell for half an
23
Grammar key
hour 7went to church very early in the

morning
2 Across: 1Flat round Mexican bread
(= tortilla) 4Strong red Sicilian wine

(= Marsala) 6Small sandy island in the
Caribbean(= Key) 8Small flat European
country(= Holland) 9Famous Russian
alcoholic drink(= vodka) 10Soft round
French cheese(= Camembert).
Down: 2Big ocean wave(= tsunami)
3Slow tropical animal(= sloth) 4Thick
cold yellow sauce(= mayonnaise) 5Small
Hawaiian string instrument(= ukulele)
7Small herbivorous Australian marsupial
(= koala)
3 1whose 2that/which 3where 4whose
5where 6that/which
First house: blue, Jeff, Julie
Second house: yellow, Steve, Diana
Third house: red, Bob, Anita
4 1gave it to your grandfather 2showed
an art dealer the painting 3buy it for a

client 4offered her a lot of money 5sell
it to him 6asked him a lot of questions
7sent my grandmother a letter 8sell it to
two big art galleries in Paris 9only told his
daughter the truth
5 1so was Paul 2so did he 3neither/nor
had Louise 4neither/nor is the air fare for

Paris 5so does Louise 6neither/nor has
she
6 1tall dark foreign 2who/that 3did
he 4beautiful green English 5where

6peacefully in the fields 7small silver gun
8that/which
7 1dont think so 2our members some
pictures 3dont suppose so 4new farming

techniques to them 5m afraid so 6him
his life 7hope not 8a reward to anyone
8 1small square wooden 2who 3where
4his children 5so do
9which/that 10who/that 11which/that

12who/that 13who/that
10 2= A 3= B 4= D
83 Sentence structure(2) Inversion

1 1Were he my son, I wouldnt allow him
to do that. 2Were it serious, the doctor

would operate immediately. 3Should you
decide to cancel the booking, we will give
you a refund. 4Were we free to choose,
wed go and live abroad.
2 1Only a week later did the letter arrive.
2Rarely can he take a week off work.

3Nowhere is global warming as evident as
in the Polar regions. 4In no circumstances
must you leave this door unlocked. 5On
no account can the public enter this area.
3 1Not only did you take 2Rarely had I
seen 3Only after a few minutes was I able

4Never have I seen 5Only then did I realize
4 1flows the river Dveir 2stands the
beautiful Medieval Cathedral 3rise the

Uran Mountains 4here comes our coach
84 Relative pronouns
(non-defining clauses)
1 1E 2E 3D 4E
2 1whose 2where 3which 4who; who
3 1I need to take my car, which is a Toyota
Yaris, for an M.O.T. 2The Kings Arms,

where Jim works, is a nice pub. 3Mr
and Mrs White, whose children have all
left home, have bought a smaller house.
4Caroline, who played very well, won the
tennis match.
4 1which 2where 3which 4what
5whose 6who 7who
9 1so does she 2so has Mike 3so is Mike
4so does her sister Carol 5neither did

Dave 6so is he 7which/that 8where
24
Grammar key
85 Reason and purpose: infinitive

of purpose, so that; due to/
owing to; in case
in front of it. 4had we sat down for lunch

than the door bell rang.
4 1than 2when 3After 4no sooner
5Finally 6then
1 1to get 2to invite 3to save 4to study
5to earn 6to live
2 1for storing 2to play 3for growing
4to plant 5for watering 6to swim
3 1to 2in order not to 3to 4so that
5to 6so that
4 1due to 2so that 3in case 4so that
86 Participle clauses
1 1The suspect is in the garden watering the
flowers. 2His wife is sitting in the living

room watching TV. 3His children are in
their room playing a video game. 4The
suspects dog is standing at the gate growling
at me.
2 1learnt; reading 2Walking; saw
3trained; running 4Crying; went
3 1Having worked 2looking 3Having
been 4Not being 5going 6Not having

contacted 7Having taken 8Hearing
4 1Speaking from his mobile phone
2cheered on by thousands of supporters

3weighing more than five kilos
4Advertised on TV
87 Time linkers: afterwards, later,

then, eventually, finally, no
sooner
1 1After 2later 3after 4afterwards
5later
2 1eventually/finally 2Finally/At last
3finally 4If necessary
3 1had the ship left the port than a storm
broke. 2had Ali Baba said the magic word

than the cave opened. 3had Tom bought
the house than they built a shopping centre
88 Connectors and sequencers

1 1or 2but 3and; but 4or
2 1Although the company invested a lot of
money in the project, it wasnt a success.

2Even though the train was late, I got there
on time. 3Although exports increased last
year, profits fell.
3 1even though 2In spite of 3except
4but 5except 6even though 7Though

8Although
4 1In spite of being rich, he leads a simple
life. 2In spite of all his money, he leads

a simple life. 3In spite of having many
children, he lives alone.
5 Risposte aperte
6 1There has been an accident so the road is
blocked. - The road is blocked because there

has been an accident. 2Daves ill in bed
so he cant come. - Dave cant come because
hes ill in bed. 3I forgot to buy some bread
so I cant make you a sandwich. - I cant
make you a sandwich because I forgot to
buy some bread. 4The taxi didnt come
on time so I missed the train. - I missed the
train because the taxi didnt come on time.
7 1since 2because of 3Since 4because of
5since 6Because of
8 1House prices are falling. For this reason,
more people are buying their own property.

2The new bypass will solve the problem
of traffic passing through the town. On the
other hand, it will cross valuable agricultural
land. 3The new recreation centre will
provide a meeting place for the old.
Moreover, it will solve the problem of the
lack of facilities for the young. 4Everyone
expected the project to fail. On the contrary,
it was a great success.
25
Grammar key
9 1Then 2After that 3later 4finally

10 1Secondly 2Then/After that 3After
that/Then 4Finally
11 1In addition 2Another point is that
3However 4as a result 5For this reason

6In conclusion
1 1Had we informed 2Were you 3Were I
4Should you need
2 1Keep your camera handy in case you see
some wild animals. 2is slippery owing to

the morning dew. 3Ill keep the restaurant
open till late so that you can have dinner
when you come back. 4Drink plenty of
water in order not to get dehydrated during
the walk. 5so that it wont chase the sheep.
6Use sun-protection cream in order not to
get sunburnt.
3 Steve was there with an Italian girl who/
that he met this summer in Italy. She comes

from Poggibonsi, which is a small town
between Florence and Siena. Everyone in
the pub was looking at her because she was
really beautiful and she had a great pair of
jeans on, which were obviously designer
jeans. Jenny and I were really jealous(only
joking!). Steve, who was obviously mad
about her, kept talking to her all evening
and hardly said a word to us.
Do you remember Sally, whose brother sings
in a band? Next month shes leaving for
Madrid, where shes got a temporary job as
an au pair with a family. The family which/
that shes going to work for are old friends
of Sallys parents. Sallys planning to stay two
months and then tour Europe because the
26
train ticket which/that she bought last week

lasts three months and covers the whole of
Europe.
4 Frasi in cui il pronome relativo pu essere
omesso: Steve was there with an Italian

girl(who/that) he met this summer in Italy.
- The family(which/that) shes going to
work for are old friends of Sallys parents. Sallys planning to stay two months and then
tour Europe because the train ticket(which/
that) she bought last week lasts three months
and covers the whole of Europe.
5 1which 2which 3which 4who
5based 6selling 7advertised 8working
6 Alternativesbagliate:1While having
worked 2After having heard 3having

made 4because he had turned to
7 1had the shop opened than 2weighing
more than 10tons 3who had seen the

red 4that I could 5Having turned off
all the 6apologised afterwards 7in spite
of 8Since the weather was 9As a result
10arrived ten minutes later
8 1They train/are training so that they can
take part in the competition. 2Ill give

you a sweater so that you wont feel cold.
3They built the road so that the village
wouldnt be cut off from the world.
4He had given me this grammar so that I
could learn English. 5The teacher spoke
slowly so that everyone could follow him.
6Our staff is working so that everything
will be ready.
9 1Ive prepared some sandwiches in case we
feel hungry during the journey. 2If by any

chance they invited you, would you accept?
3Use this exit only in case of emergency.
Grammar key
ASKING QUESTIONS
90 Interrogatives as subject and

object
1 1What surprises you?; Who is George
helping? 2Who is very good?; What does

he sing? 3Who knows me?; What did she
send?
2 1Who is helping the teacher?(S) - Matteo
is helping her. 2Who is the teacher

helping?(O) - Shes helping two students.
3Who did the dog see?/Who has the dog
seen?(O) - It saw/has seen the postman.
4Who saw/has seen the dog?(S) - I saw/
have seen it.
3 1Who did you go home with? 2Which
bus were you waiting for? 3What did you

speak about? 4What stop did you get off
at? 5How long did you stay for? 6What
channel was it on?
91 Indirect questions
1 1how you say thank you in Arabic. 2why
water vapour rises. 3when Napoleon

invaded Russia. 4if we need a visa to go
to Istanbul. 5if Ive got a car? 6what she
has bought me.
2 1how old you are 2where you are from
in China 3if/whether you like Italian

food 4if/whether you study English in
Chinese schools 5what your favourite TV
programme is 6when you arrived in Italy
7if/whether you can play football 8if/
whether youve got any brothers or sisters
92 How + adjective: how tall, how

long, how wide
1 1How old 2How tall 3How hungry
2 1long 2long 3heavy 4high 5high
6deep 7deep
3 1big 2long 3wide 4powerful
5many 6much
93 How far is it? How long does it

take?
1 1How long does it take Cathy to get
to work? It takes her one hour by train.

2How far is the office from her house? Its
ninety-eight kilometres. 3How long did
it take her yesterday? It took her two hours
twenty minutes by car. 4How long does
it take John to get to work? It takes him
twenty-five minutes by bus. 5How far is
the office from his house? Its six kilometres.
6How long did it take him yesterday? It
took him one hour ten minutes on foot.
2 Risposte aperte
3 1is/takes 2How long does it take 3takes
4How far is 5is 6takes 7one hour

fifty minutes
94 Questions with like

1 1Whats Dr Cobb like? 2What were they
like? 3Hows Joanna? 4What did it look

like? 5What does he look like? 6what do
you like
2 1How are things at school? 2What does
he look like? 3What are his lessons like?

4What does it look like? 5What does he
like?
3 1What does it taste like? 2What do
they look like? 3What does it feel like?

4What does it smell like?
4How big 5How much 6How many

7How deep 8How long
27
Grammar key
1 1did the referee give out 2did Italy beat
3did Germany and Italy play 4did Italy

score 5played the final 6happened
7did the referee send off 8did Italy win
2 1Romeo love 2refused to marry Renzo
and Lucia 3killed Cleopatra 4did

Elvis Presley play 5sang Penny Lane
6composed music 7did Adolphe Sax
invent 8happened
3 1which film you like the most 2if/
whether you enjoyed working with Ben

Graves 3what your plans for the future are
4Warner Brothers are going to shoot the
new film 5how you met your wife
6she usually travels with you when youre
working abroad
4 1What does it smell 2What does (a)
corky wine taste 3is he 4What was he/

What did he look 5How was he?
6What did his voice sound like?
5 1the film starts 2who you saw 3took
wouldnt 5d(had) - hadnt 6s(has) hasnt 7re(are) - arent

3 1havent you 2havent you 3isnt there
4dont you 5cant you 6werent you

7didnt you 8didnt you 9wouldnt you
10dont I
4 1discovered it in 1765, didnt he 2one
military airport, isnt there 3must travel

to the island by boat, mustnt they 4will
become independent in 2012, wont it
5speak English, dont they 6erupts once a
year, doesnt it
5 1arent they 2were you 3didnt he
4could they 5does she 6is there

7arent I 8will we
6 1is it 2would it 3are they 4is she
5are they 6arent they 7isnt it 8did

they
7 1were you 2dont you 3havent they
4does it 5will you/wont you 6wont it

7will you/wont you 8are you
8 1C 2B 3A
me 4is the food 5does it take

6 1C 2D 3A 4A 5D 6C 7A 8A
9B 10C
7 1How deep 2How high 3How long
4how tired 5How heavy 6how hungry
8 1big it is 2was inside 3the man looked
like 4how tall he was 5if/whether he was

young 6what he was wearing 7how long
he left his suitcase unattended
Helpbox: 8How big is it? 9What was

inside? 10What did the man look like?
11How tall was he? 12Was he young?
13What was he wearing? 14How long
did you leave your suitcase unattended?
96 Question tags
1 1E 2F 3I 4A 5H 6B 7D 8G
2 1re(are) - arent 2ll(will) - wont
3ve(have) - havent 4d(would) -
28
97 Echo questions
1 1Have they 2Didnt you 3Are you
4Cant you
2 1Does he 2Did you 3Does it 4Did
she 5Do they 6Do you

3 1Does he 2Did you 3Cant he 4Will
she 5Would he 6Are they 7Is there

8Arent there 9Wont you 10Hadnt you
4 Esercizio in parte aperto
1So am I./Are you? I 2So do I./Do

you? I 3So did I./Did you? I 4So
have I./Have you? I 5So have I./Have
you? I 6So can I./Can you? I
1Neither do I./Dont you? I 2Neither

can I./Cant you? I 3Neither have I./
Havent you? I 4Neither did I./Didnt
you? I 5Neither am I./Arent you? I
6Neither do I./Dont you? I
Grammar key
1 1She was old, wasnt she? 2He robbed/s
robbed that shop, didnt/hasnt he? 3You

didnt do your homework, did you? 4They
dont/cant speak English, do/can they? 5It
will open next June, wont it? 6They dont
fit, do they?
2 1Does it? How fast can it move? 2Doesnt
it? How often does it need to emerge?

3Can it? How far can it travel? 4Can it?
How many(people) can it carry? 5Doesnt
it? How heavy is it? 6Do you? How
many(submarines) do you plan to produce?
3 1Was it 2did it cost 3Did he 4did
he do that 5Does he 6does he want to

buy 7Does he 8does he do 9Will he
10does he sell his photos to
4 1What is it full of? 2Who did you run into?
3Who is he here with? 4Who does she
work for? 5What is she writing(an article)

about? 6Where do they come from?
5 1Many students dont do their homework,
do they? 2Dinosaurs were reptiles, werent

they? 3Nobody saw you, did they?
4Its raining, isnt it? 5A lot of/Many
people come here on Sunday, dont they?
6Its not a difficult exercise, is it?
6 1Theres no milk in the fridge. Isnt there?
Why didnt you buy some? 2Theres a

parcel for you. Is there? What can it be?
3Weve won the competition. Have we? I
dont believe it. 4Mary cant swim. Cant
she? Why dont you teach her?
7 1C 2C 3B 4B 5D 6A 7A 8B
9D 10D
8 1havent you 2isnt she 3have they
4doesnt it 5didnt he 6have you

7wont they 8can it
ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS
99 Adjectives ending in -ing/ed; gradable and ungradable

adjectives
1 1exciting 2excited 3frightened
4frightening 5interested 6interesting

7disappointing 8disappointed
9fascinating 10fascinated
2 1freezing 2big 3enormous
4frightened 5terrified 6surprised

7amazed 8bright 9dazzling
3 1absolutely 2freezing 3quite
4absolutely 5enormous 6rather

7utterly 8terrified 9very 10completely
11dazzling 12rather 13utterly
14amazed
4 1totally 2absolutely 3completely
4appalling 5rather
100 Formation of adverbs

1 1casually 2clearly 3suddenly 4funnily
5incredibly 6automatically
2 Dear Sir,
I wish to apply for a transfer to our

foreign department. I can speak French
and German(0) fluently and I know the
European markets(1) well. I am prepared
to travel(2) extensively. Im not interested
in sitting(3) comfortably at my desk all
day. However, I know that in this position
Ill have to work(4) hard at the office too
and I am prepared to arrive(5) early and
leave(6) late, if necessary. Since in my
present position in the sales department I
have shown that I can work(7) efficiently,
I hope you will consider my application(8)
favourably.
29
Grammar key
3 1innocently 2impatiently
3impulsively 4fast 5hard 6silently

7quickly 8probably 9enigmatically
10comfortably 11badly
6the funniest 7the most serious 8the

most generous
101 Comparative adjectives and

adverbs
1 1older 2easier 3longer 4hotter
5more attractive 6cleaner 7narrower/

more narrow 8funnier 9wider 10more
expensive 11smaller
2 1older than; more recent 2longer; heavier
than; more comfortable 3shorter than;

easier 4more expensive than; cheaper
3 1harder 2more smartly 3more carefully
4more promptly 5faster
4 1more carefully 2faster 3more smartly
4more promptly 5harder
5 1older than us 2more intelligent than me
3earlier than you 4more slowly than them
102 Superlative adjectives and

adverbs
1 1the oldest 2the most suitable 3the
most expensive 4the widest 5the

friendliest 6the most comfortable 7the
easiest 8the cheapest 9the nearest
10the smallest 11the newest
2 1the oldest 2the newest 3The most
expensive 4the cheapest 5the nearest

6the most comfortable 7the easiest 8the
friendliest 9the most suitable 10the
widest 11the smallest
3 1in 2in 3of 4in
4 1the fastest 2the longest 3the most
skilfully 4the loudest

5 1highest 2lowest 3smaller 4larger
6 1The oldest 2the tallest 3the shortest
4The most intelligent 5the most cheerful
30
7 Risposta aperta
8 1famous opera house 2most recent novel
3youngest child 4oldest car
103 Irregular comparatives and

superlatives of adjectives and
adverbs
1 1worse 2farther 3further 4elder/older
5oldest 6last 7latest 8older; better
2 1one year older than Roy 2the oldest of
the three children 3better than Roy 4the

best results 5worse than Roy 6the worst
of the three children 7farther than Chris
8the farthest 9worse than Roy
3 1elder 2older 3farther/further 4the
eldest 5the farthest/furthest

4 1last 2latest 3last 4latest
104 (Not) as as with adjectives

and adverbs
1 1is as heavy as the rucksack 2can live as
long as humans 3got up as early as their

parents 4is as expensive as the digital
camera
2 1As fat as a pig. 2As hungry as a wolf.
3As obstinate as a mule. 4As slow as a

snail. 5As tall as a giraffe.
Grammar key
3 1as painful as you think 2as fast as I can
3as brave as a lion 4as often as you can

5as expensive as to crown a tooth
4 1am not as experienced as her 2dont
know Spain as well as them 3arent as old

as his 4arent as interesting as hers 5m
not as flexible as them 6isnt as important
as my work
105 Quite, rather, very + adjective/

adverb
1 1very 2quite 3very 4quite 5very
6very 7rather
2 1a very enjoyable film 2rather a good
restaurant 3quite a warm evening

4rather a long walk 5a very good sleep
3 1completely 2totally 3very 4rather
5quite
4 1rather; absolutely 2rather; completely
3rather; absolutely 4very; quite 5very;

quite
106 So/such
1 1so 2so 3such 4such 5such 6so
7so
2 1such a big 2such nice 3such modern
4such comfortable 5such a quiet 6such

luck
3 1Theres so much noise in the classrooms,
2The teachers give us so much homework,

3There are so few computers in the
computer lab, 4There are so many books
to study for the exams, 5There are so
many questions in the exam papers, 6The
teachers spend so little time with students,

1 1worried 2serious 3hopeless 4heavily
5higher 6the lowest 7latest 8as fast as

9so slow 10such stiff
2 1drier 2the coldest 3colder 4the
biggest 5bigger 6the fastest 7faster

8the most ferocious 9the longest
3 1more accurately 2him 3faster 4them
5higher 6her 7harder 8him 9more

carefully 10you
4 1the youngest 2older than 3the eldest/
the oldest 4the youngest 5further 6as

old as
Caroline
Alice
Diana
Barbara
16
12
12
5 1Ive never drunk such good wine. 2was
so tender 3It was tastier than I expected.

4were as sweet as honey. 5it was the most
expensive bill Ive ever paid
6 Risposta aperta
7 1C 2C 3B 4D 5A 6B 7B 8C
9C 10A
8 1shocking experience 2more difficult than
3expensive as 4the most convincing

5such a
9 1in 2sweeter 3puzzled 4quite
5carefully 6as sweet 7tastiest 8that

9tastier 10better 11as 12most
beautiful 13more beautiful 14prudent
15good 16such 17absolutely 18so
19very 20rather
10 1Prices are increasing so fast! 2Ive never
received such a beautiful present. 3In

English there are such complicated rules!
4We ate such delicious food!
4 1so 2so 3so 4such 5such 6so
31
Grammar key
108 Modifiers of comparative

form; more and more; the
more the less
1 1far more popular than 2much warmer
than 3slightly cheaper than 4even more

expensive 5by far the fastest
2 1a little cheaper 2by far the fastest 3far
better 4even better

3 1stronger and stronger 2faster and faster
3The faster we go, the sooner 4fewer and

fewer 5more and more dangerous 6The
more dangerous the situation, the better
109 Less(crowded) than/the

least(crowded)
1 1Its less comfortable, but its also less
expensive. 2Its less difficult, but its also less

useful. 3Its less beautiful, but its also less
crowded. 4Its less accurate, but its also less
cumbersome. 5They are less fashionable,
but theyre also less uncomfortable.
2 1is less expensive than a hotel 2is less
difficult to learn than English 3is less

formal than a letter 4is less interesting
than history 5is less comfortable than that
6is less noisy than Devon Road
3 1the least developed 2less developed
3less industrial 4less polluted 5the least

accessible 6the least visited 7less
4 1nearly as influential as The Independent
2nearly as effective as the new one
110 Like, as, as if, as though

1 1like mine 2as her brother did 3Like
most young people 4as we had hoped

5like him 6as she likes
2 1As 2like 3as 4as 5like 6As
7like 8as
3 1as if/as though someone is working in the
garage 2as if/as though its going to fall

32
apart 3as if/as though it works perfectly

4as if/as though you need a break
4 1as if/as though they werent interested
2as if/as though she hadnt understood me

3as if/as though she was listening to music
4as if/as though you were little children

1 1the least athletic 2fatter 3fatter 4older
5fatter 6a little younger 7much older

8as 9like 10as if/as though
2 1younger 2older 3the youngest 4the
oldest 5more heavily 6the stockiest

7stockier 8more athletic 9more
intelligent 10the stupidest/the most stupid
11older 12fatter 13stupider/more
stupid 14the most unlikely
3 1B 2A 3C 4A 5A 6C 7C 8A
9B 10D 11A 12A 13B 14C 15D
4 1more and more 2nearly as large 3so
few/so few people 4as if she was/were a

5quite a pleasant 6so much fog 7the
higher the price 8a little faster than
9least expensive 10far more polluted
5 1originally 2universal 3living 4easier
5open 6different 7simultaneously

8skeptically 9convincing 10considerable
6 elder the oldest the eldest the latest
the last
7 1On the last issue of the magazine there are
the results of the football matches. 2Our

football team has lost the last match of the
tournament. 3Both my sons/children play
football. Brian, the elder, is also the oldest in
the team.

8 1more and more dangerously 2farther
and farther/further and further 3better

and better 4more and more expensive
9 1Varenne was the fastest horse of all time.
2The Italian boxer was the faster of the two.

3There were only two pieces of cake: I took
the smaller one. 4The smallest country in
the world is Vatican City.
Grammar key
THE FUTURE
112 Present continuous used for

the future
1 1are going 2is flying 3is coming 4is
meeting 5is having 6are playing
3What colour are you going to paint the

kitchen? 4What are you going to give Tom
for his birthday?
5 1re going to invite 2isnt going to accept
3m going to paint 4m going to get
2 1Are you going by plane? 2How are you
getting to the school? 3Are you staying

with a family? 4How long are you staying?
3 1Yes, Im flying with British Airways.
2Im catching the 16.55train. 3No.

Im staying in residential accommodation.
4Im staying 3weeks.
4 1are accompanying 2are travelling 3are
going; are coming 4are staying 5are

having 6are visiting 7is taking 8are
going
5 1m going 2m meeting 3re going
4Are you staying 5am 6m staying

7m coming 8m catching
6 Risposte aperte
113 Be going to

1 1He isnt going to be late for work. 2Hes
going to walk to work to save money. 3He

isnt going to go out every evening. 4He
isnt going to spend all his money. 5Hes
going to keep his room tidy. 6Hes going
to do physical exercise every day.
2 1re going to fall off 2s going to drop
3arent going to be 4re going to be

5s going to rain
3 1Are you going to see 2s going to learn;
Is she going to do 3Is David going to

have; he is 4Are your parents going to
buy; they arent 5are going to go
6m going to dye
114 Future simple: will

1 1ll be; wont tell 2will be; wont give
3wont be; ll have 4will win; wont score

5will invite; wont say 6wont send; ll stay
2 1Will I fall in love? 2Youll fall in love
more than once, 3but you wont get

married. 4Will I be rich and famous?
5You wont be rich and famous, 6but
your brother will be Prime Minister. 7Will
he govern the country well? 8Hell do a lot
for the country.
3 1will come 2will pass 3wont hear
4will melt 5wont get; will wait 6will

get
4 1E - Ill take you to the airport. 2B - Ill
change it for you, madam. 3F - Ill give

it to you. 4A - Ill open it for you. 5D
- Show me and Ill try and help you.
5 1Ill phone John. 2Ill get a ticket. 3Ill
wear my new trousers. 4Ill buy her some

red roses. 5Ill have a Coke. 6Ill watch a
DVD.
6 1wont be able 2ll have 3ll ask 4will
5wont remember 6ll help 7ll come

8ll write 9ll wear 10wont see 11ll
catch 12ll be
7 Offerta1: Ill help you.
Offerta 2: Ill come round to your house

tonight and we can study together.
8 Risposte aperte
4 1What are you going to do next weekend?
2Is Peter going to accept the job in Cardiff?
33
Grammar key
115 Contrast: be going to/present

continuous/will
1 1Are you going to tidy; m playing; m
going to do 2Will you be; m meeting

3ll go 4is coming; ll try; m going to
phone; ll be
2 1s playing(ID) 2m going to change(I)
3ll have(DI) 4is flying(ID) 5Are you

going to wash(I) 6ll get(DI)
3 1s going to bring 2m going to look
3m going 4Are you going 5am 6will

be
my fathers firm doesnt close at Easter, we

wont go away. 7When my father retires
next year, hell spend long periods at the
seaside. 8As soon as I have enough money,
Ill buy a new car.
117 Certainty and

possibility(may/might)
1 1may/might cook turkey 2may/might ask
mum to make it 3may/might take them

to the circus 4may/might spend it with
friends
2 1may/might not see him tonight 2may/
116 The present simple for future

use
1 1What time does the coach get to
Heathrow? 2gets to Heathrow at ten thirty

3What time does our flight leave? 4leaves
at one thirty p.m. 5What time do we land
in Madrid? 6land in Madrid at two
forty-five p.m./a quarter to three
2 1are you seeing 2are you getting 3m
catching 4gets 5does the show start

6starts 7are you getting 8m coming
9leaves
3 1ll take 2get 3go 4will give
5touches 6ll make 7get 8go 9will

be
4 1After we get married, well live in a
big house in the country. 2If we have

a garden, well be able to have a dog.
3Provided that Chris gets a good job, I
wont need to work. 4While Chris is at
work, I wont be bored. 5If I get bored, Ill
join a sports club.
5 1As soon as I have the address, Ill call/
phone you. 2Theyll never sell those

houses, unless they lower the prices. 3Ill
wash the dishes while you take the dog out.
4Well give you a Playstation provided that
you dont use it all the time. 5While Sarah
is at the dentists, Ill do the shopping. 6If
34
might not be here next weekend 3may/

might be cold 4may/might go to the gym
after work 5may/might wear my new jeans
3 1I may have(P) 2Well be(C) 3it
starts(C) 4I might put it(P) 5wont

pass(C) 6youll see it(C) 7They may
give it(P)

1 1are you going to do 2m going to go
3m travelling 4re leaving 5are you

going 6re going to buy 7are you going
to stay 8ll stay 9are 10ll have
2 1Ill send 2Ill do 3Im going to leave
4Ill phone 5Were going
3 1wont be(2) 2m going to be(1) 3will
work(2) 4is going to boil(1) 5s going

to cry(1) 6Will people speak(2) 7s
going to attack(1)
4 1They may/might not like it 2may/might
not get the right size 3may/might not

appreciate antiques 4may/might not want
to spend a lot 5may/might say its OK
5 1may/might not find 2may/might not
have 3may/might steal 4may/might not

get on 5may/might fall out 6may/might
be 7may/might get 8may/might not
speak 9may/might not understand
Grammar key
6 1Im spending 2Im going to do 3I
might do 4Im also going to play 5I

might go
7 Risposte aperte
8 1A: What are you going to do this
weekend? B: Either Im going to go to the

seaside or Im going to see some friends.
2I dont like this programme. Ill change
the channel. 3The Minister for the
Environment is meeting the Greenpeace
representatives tomorrow at 15.00. 4Im
tired. Ill go to bed./Im going to go to bed.
5Im hungry. Ill have/eat a biscuit. 6Im
going to go to the cinema tonight. 7Im
taking Julie to the circus tomorrow. Ive
already got the tickets. 8A: I cant do this
exercise. B: Ill help you.
119 Future continuous

1 1ll be cooking for our guests 2ll be
getting married 3ll be flying to Moscow

4ll be giving a concert
2 1wont be working 2ll be moving 3ll
be lying 4wont be spending 5wont be

coming
3 1Youll be flying British Airways as you
requested. 2Well be stopping for lunch

on the motorway. 3Will the group be
arriving in the afternoon? 4How will you
be paying, sir?
4 1will be waiting 2will be staying 3Will
I be seeing 4wont be arriving 5 ll be

meeting
5 Risposte aperte
120 Future perfect

1 1will have flown 2will have taken 3will
have been 4will have opened 5will have

met 6will have made
2 1will have eaten; get 2Will they have
reached 3wont have finished; meet 4will

have been 5wont have reached 6will
have had; retire 7ll have stopped; find

8wont have found; leaves 9wont have
repaired 10will have stopped; answer
3 1Scientists will have found/wont have
found alternative forms of energy. 2Space

astronauts will have found/wont have
found life on Mars. 3Scientists will have
invented/wont have invented flying cars.
4The first tourists will have visited/wont
have visited the Moon.
121 Future in the past

1 1was meeting Joy in the morning 2would
be home for lunch 3was playing football

in the afternoon 4was going to the sea for
the day 5wouldnt be back until 6were
going to have 7was playing the saxophone
2 1was going 2would stay 3was going to
make 4was leaving 5was going to give

6was meeting 7would be
3 1I was going to stay at home, instead I went
out with Keith. 2It was 6.30. Valery was

arriving at 6.35. 3The United Nations
were meeting the next day to discuss the
crisis in the Middle East. 4Tony was going
to study philosophy at university but then
he changed his mind.

1 Espressionidabarrare:1Im going to catch
2I buy 3Im carrying 4Im putting

5Im going 6will fall 7is never finding
8am going to fly 9wont rain 10is going
to land 11am finishing
2 1A, B, C 2A, C 3A, C 4B

3 1wont have 2ll be touring 3ll be 4ll
probably be 5ll tell 6wont be eating

7ll be eating
4 1leave 2invite 3will be flying/am flying
4are paying 5will be staying/am staying

6will be 7am 8am going to visit
9invites 10will have seen
35
Grammar key
4previsione basata su fatti osservabili al

momento - Look at the clouds. Its going
to rain soon. 5A: intenzione - Arent you
going to eat? B: impegno definitivo - I cant.
The computer technician is coming at one
oclock. 6decisione immediata - A: What
time is it? B: Its ten oclock. A: Ill phone
tomorrow. 7offerta di aiuto - A: Wheres the
dictionary? B: Ill get it for you. 8previsione
basata su ipotesi - I think /In my opinion
itll rain a lot before the end of the month.
9impegno definitivo - The Russian delegation
is arriving next Tuesday at ten oclock.
10offerta di aiuto - A: I must be at the
airport tomorrow at eight. B: Ill take you.
5 1will have finished 2Will the electricians
have already installed 3is delivering 4will

the electricians have finished 5will have
finished 6is coming 7are arriving 8will
have finished
6 1ll be 2is taking 3m giving 4m
leaving 5Are you flying 6am 7are

going to drive 8Will it be 9will be
7 1intenzione - Were going to move if we
find a house at a good/reasonable price.

2impegno definitivo - Were moving at the
end of the year. Weve just bought a nice
flat near my parents. 3decisione immediata
- A: Would you like something to drink?
B: Yes, please. Ill have a coffee.
8
Funzioni comunicative
Parlare di un impegno definitivo
Tempo verbale italiano
Parlare di unintenzione futura
Present continuous
Presente semplice (viene)

Futuro semplice
Presente semplice
Tempo verbale inglese
(Cambieremo/arriver)
(non mangi)
be going to
Futuro semplice (Cambieremo)

Parlare di una decisione immediata
Presente semplice (Prendo)
Future simple
Futuro semplice (Telefoner)

Parlare di una previsione basata su
fatti osservabili al momento
Futuro semplice (Fra poco piover)
be going to
Parlare di una previsione basata su

ipotesi
Futuro semplice (Secondo me, piover)
Future simple
Offrire aiuto
Presente semplice (Te lo prendo io)
Future simple
Futuro semplice (Ti porter io)
MODALS
123 Ability and possibility(present)

with can, be able to
1 1can type; cant do shorthand 2can use
a computer and Word; cant use Excel and

other programmes 3can work in the
evenings when necessary; cant travel because
she has young children 4can write business
letters; cant do the accounts
36
2 1Can you sew 2Can you send 3Can
you change 4Can you light 5Can you

read
Risposte aperte
3 1cant go; will/ll be able to explore 2cant
breathe; will/ll be able to stay 3cant

travel; will/ll be able to go
Grammar key
124 Permission with can, could,

may, be allowed to
1 1Can I wear your jacket? 2Can I use your
mobile phone? 3Can I listen to your CD?

4Can I taste your pizza? 5Can I borrow
10?
8Can/Will you pass me the beach towel,

please?
3 1Would you mind watering; of course/
certainly 2Would you mind feeding; m

sorry 3Would you mind turning; m sorry
4Would you mind cutting; certainly/of
course
2 1you cant 2sorry but 3sorry but
4sure 5you cant
3 1Could/May I phone my parents?; Yes,
of course. Use the phone in the kitchen.

2Could/May I borrow a dictionary?; Yes,
certainly. Theres one in Kims bedroom.
3Could/May I have some milk?; Yes,
certainly. 4Could/May I use your
computer?; Im sorry but it doesnt work.
4 1can drink/are allowed to drink 2can
drive/are allowed to drive 3cant ride/arent

allowed to ride 4can vote/are allowed to
vote 5can get married/are allowed to get
married
5 1Could I have 2Could I have 3Could I
have 4Could I have 5Could I have
125 Requests with can, could, will

and would
1 1Can you photocopy your history notes
for me, please?; Yes, OK. I hope you can

understand them. 2Can you give Julie
a message, please?; Yes, sure. Whats the
message? 3Can you lend me your new
CD, please?; Im sorry but Daves got it.
4Can you tell the football coach Im ill,
please?; Im sorry but Im not going to the
training session tonight.
2 1Could/Would you put this money in the
hotel safe, please? 2Could/Would you

bring us breakfast in our room, please?
3Could/Would you prepare our bill, please?
4Could/Would you call us a taxi, please?
5Can/Will you put some suntan cream on
my back, please? 6Can/Will you take a
photo of me on that rock, please? 7Can/
Will you hold my bag a minute, please?
126 Offers of help with can, could,

shall and will
1 1Shall/Can I clean the windows for you?;
Thats very kind of you but the window

cleaner is coming tomorrow. 2Shall/Can
I cut the grass for you?; Thank you very
much. It needs cutting. 3Shall/Can I
take the dog for a walk for you?; Thank
you but my son is coming to take the dog
out. 4 Shall/Can I do the ironing for you?;
Yes, thanks. The iron is in the cupboard.
5Shall/Can I vacuum the house for you?;
Thank you. The vacuum cleaner is in my
bedroom.
2 Risposte aperte
3 1Ill pay 2Well cook 3Well come and
get you 4Ill answer

4 1Could I make you a cup of tea? 2Could
I get you something to eat? 3Could I show

you the city?
Risposte aperte
127 Invitations and offers with

would, do you want
1 1would you like a cup of tea?; No, thank
you. 2would you like a cup of coffee?; Yes,

please. 3would you like some sugar?; Yes,
please. 4do you want a sandwich?; Yes,
please. 5would you like something to eat?;
No, thank you. 6do you want a tomato in
your sandwich?; No, thanks.
2 1would you like to go to Bath for the
day?; Thats very kind of you. They say its

a beautiful city. 2would you like to have
37
Grammar key
a picnic?; Wed love to but the weather isnt

very good. 3do you want to go to a disco?;
No, thanks. I dont like discos. 4do you
want to see my friends?; Yes, great.
3 Risposte aperte
4 1d love to 2Do you want to come for a
pizza? 3thanks 4Do you want to go for a

ride on my motorbike? 5thanks
128 Proposals with shall, lets, why

dont we, what about, how
about
1 1How about 2Lets 3What about
4Why dont we 5Id rather 6Why not?
2 1Lets give her 2Id rather not 3Why
dont we get 4What about/How about

getting her 5Thats a good idea 6When
shall we go 7Lets go
3 1Shall we/Why dont we use the computer
3 1I mustnt go to bed so late. 2I mustnt
be late for work in the mornings. 3I must

choose my clothes carefully. 4I must do
some exercise every day. 5I mustnt lose
my temper.
4 1must apply 2mustnt tell; must tell
3must ask 4must we take 5must visit
5 Risposte aperte
130 Obligation and necessity with

must, have to, need
1 1has to visit 2have to have 3have to
change 4has to go
2 1have to look after 2dont have to do
3have to play 4dont have to cook 5have

to get; have to be 6has to go
3 Teachers:1must read 2must write
3must do 4must study
2No, lets not 3Shall we/Why dont we go

swimming? 4a good idea 5Yes, OK
Students: 1have to write; have to read

2have to write 3have to find out; must
help 4have to study
4 1A: Shall we go to the cinema this evening?
4 1Do I have to pay the entire subscription
B: Id rather go/Id prefer to go tomorrow.

Im tired. 2A: What shall we eat this
evening? B: Why dont we get some pizzas?
3A: What about/How about inviting Jeff
and Fiona to dinner? B: Thats a good idea.
Lets invite them for tomorrow evening.
129 Obligation and prohibition

with must
1 1must close the gate 2must keep the hall
clean 3must park behind the building

4mustnt keep large animals in the flats
5mustnt play football in the grounds
6mustnt leave bicycles in the hall
2 4It is forbidden to keep large animals in
the flats. 5It is forbidden to play football

in the grounds. 6It is forbidden to leave
bicycles in the hall.
at once?; must pay 2Do I have to attend

the classes every week?; must attend 3Do I
have to wear special shoes for aerobics?; must
wear 4Do I have to have the supervision
of an instructor to use the fitness machines?;
must follow
5 1Clare needs to find a sleeping bag.
2They need to book the campsite. 3They

need to find out about the area. 4Anne
needs to buy some batteries for her torch.
6 1Anne doesnt need to/doesnt have to find
a sleeping bag. 2They dont need to/dont

have to get plates, cups, knives and forks.
3Clare doesnt need to/doesnt have to
borrow a rucksack. 4They dont need to/
dont have to borrow cooking utensils.
7 Mancanzadinecessit:1dont have to cook
2dont have to clean 3doesnt have to iron

4dont have to wash 5doesnt have to feed
Siraccomandadinonfare: 1mustnt use

38
Grammar key
2mustnt leave 3mustnt stay 4mustnt

invite 5mustnt move
8 1mustnt smoke(P) 2mustnt take(P)
3doesnt have to curl(NN) 4mustnt

forget(P) 5mustnt speak(P) 6dont have
to get up(NN)
131 Advice and criticism with

shall, should, ought to
1 1Shall I take; should take/ought to take
2shall I do; should apologise/ought to

apologise; should explain/ought to explain
3Shall I ask; should wait/ought to wait
4shall I answer; should say/ought to say
2 1should I do; should accept/ought to accept
2should I phone; shouldnt phone/oughtnt

to phone; should wait/ought to wait
3should I tell; shouldnt tell/oughtnt to tell;
should pretend/ought to pretend 4should
I forget; shouldnt worry/oughtnt to worry
3 1Shall I phone 2should look for/ought
to look for 3shouldnt phone/oughtnt

to phone 4should keep/ought to keep
5Shall I tell 6shouldnt tell/oughtnt to tell
7should tell/ought to tell
4 Risposte aperte

1 1can dance 2cant start 3cant be 4can
use 5can book 6cant play

2 1can I use the bathroom?; Yes, sure. I think
the bathrooms free. 2Could/May I look

at that magazine?; Yes, certainly. 3Could/
May I use the hairdryer?; Im sorry. It isnt
working. 4can I borrow a belt?; Yes, sure.
Ive got a black one. 5Could/May I have a
drink?; Yes, certainly. Do you prefer Coke or
fruit juice?
3 1I can 2can speak 3can do 4can you
start 5cant start 6can wait 7Could I

ask 8Could you tell
4 1Can you collect 2Can you lend
3Could you answer 4could you take

5Could you water
5 1Shall I introduce 2Do you want to sit
3ll lend 4Do you want to come
6 1Lets go 2Lets have 3Id rather try
4Lets go 5shall we do 6Lets try
7 1have to go(DA) 2must do(DP) 3have
to leave(DA) 4have to help(DA) 5must

practise(DP) 6must go(DP)
8 Risposte aperte
9 1mustnt forget 2dont have to get
132 Deductions: expressing

certainty, probability and
possibility
1 1must be 2cant know 3cant live
4must have 5cant be 6must be
2 1should be/ought to be 2shouldnt spend
3shouldnt have 4should get/ought to get

5shouldnt be
3 1may not/might not be 2may/might/
could have 3may not/might not enjoy

4may/might/could work 5may/might/
could be 6may not/might not live
4 1should 2must 3may not 4Could
3mustnt turn 4mustnt go over 5dont

have to drive
10 1had to stay 2has to spend 3will have
to catch 4to have to phone 5have had to

call
11 1shouldnt drink/oughtnt to drink
2should I eat 3should eat/ought to eat

4shouldnt eat/oughtnt to eat 5should
stay/ought to stay 6shouldnt open/
oughtnt to open 7should open/ought to
open
12 1must be 2should get 3should be
4might bring - may bring
13 1doesnt need/doesnt have 2may be/might
be/could be 3are 4How about/What

about 5should
39
Grammar key
134 Ability(past) with could, able

to, manage
1 1could count; can do 2could catch; can
play 3couldnt write; can write 4couldnt

use; can use
2 1couldnt find/wasnt able to find 2didnt
manage to open 3managed to hitch

4was able to get/managed to get 5was
able to say
3 1couldnt(S) 2couldnt - wasnt able to(P)
3managed to(P) 4could(S) 5could were able to(P)
4 1Were you able to record 2couldnt come/
wasnt able to come 3couldnt ski 4could

hear/was able to hear 5Could Andrew play
6couldnt/wasnt able to get
135 Lack of necessity with neednt/

neednt have/didnt need to
1 1neednt phone(M) 2dont need to
go(A) 3neednt work(M) 4doesnt need

to work(A) 5Need I give(M) 6Do you
need to update(A) 7neednt take(M)
8neednt get up(M)
2 1didnt need to phone 2neednt have
washed 3didnt need to wash 4didnt

need to leave 5neednt have rushed/didnt
need to rush 6didnt need to spend
7neednt have brought 8neednt have
worked
3 1didnt need to go 2neednt have worried
3neednt have asked 4didnt need to do

5neednt have invited
136 Had better, its time

1 1d better check 2d better take 3d
better buy 4d better leave 5d better set

6d better make
2 1d better not wear 2d better apologise
3d better not go 4d better go 5d better

stop 6d better not make
40
3 1d better study 2d better study 3d
better not leave 4shouldnt leave 5d

better not drink 6shouldnt throw; d
better remember
4 1Its time the mayor listened to us! 2Its
time he banned lorries from the town centre!

3Its time the authorities built a ring road!
4Its time there was a public debate of the
problem! 5Its time local regulations were
changed! 6Its time the media took an
interest in us!
137 Modals used for deductions in

the past and other tenses
1 1couldnt have made 2must have drugged
3might have known 4must have waited

5should have been able to 6cant have found
2 1could/might have forced 2shouldnt
have forgotten/oughtnt to have forgotten

3could/might have told 4could/might
have kept
3 1must have been travelling 2must have
been dreaming 3must be joking 4could

be doing 5may have been watching
6cant be studying

1 1could play 2couldnt hear 3could paint
4could read 5couldnt find 6could do
2 1couldnt remember 2could walk 3was
able to answer 4were able to trace

5didnt manage to find 6couldnt hear/
wasnt able to hear 7couldnt phone/wasnt
able to phone
3 1didnt need to phone 2neednt have set
3neednt have hurried 4didnt need to use

5didnt need to finish
4 Risposte aperte
5 1must have been 2should have told
me 3may have gone 4about watching

5wasnt able to speak 6arent allowed to
write 7is forbidden to touch
Grammar key
8d rather go out 9didnt need to book

10s time you had/s time to have
6 1avresti potuto dirmi 2potresti avermi
detto 3dovrebbe aver telefonato alla nonna

4avrebbe dovuto telefonare alla nonna
7 1You should have asked/ought to have
asked 2The plane should have already/

ought to have already 3might/may/could
have hidden 4You might/could have
phoned me 5You might/could have fallen
CONDITIONALS
139 Conditional sentences(periodo

ipotetico); zero conditional
1 1If you press this button, the number of
the caller appears on the display. 2If you

move this knob, the volume of the ring
tone changes. 3If you press this button,
the phone plays back the messages on the
answering machine. 4If you press this
button, the list of your personal numbers
appears on the display. 5The battery
compartment opens if you move this switch.
2 1If I climb the stairs quickly, I get out of
breath. 2If I dont have breakfast, I feel

weak and hungry all morning. 3If I smoke
a couple of cigarettes, I get a sore throat.
4If I eat a good lunch, I feel sleepy in the
afternoon.
3 1leave; rusts 2do not grow; water
3forget; does the computer do 4gets;

sends 5Can we play; is 6feel; call 7are
not; refund 8cant; dont eat
140 First conditional

1 1youll enjoy better health 2youll be
better at sports 3you wont have bad

breath 4If you ask 5If you join 6If
you dont get
2 1is 2doesnt play 3dont come 4will
you sing 5will lose 6wont understand

3 1Unless you tell jokes, people will get
bored. 2Unless you make literary

quotations, theyll think you are illiterate.
3Unless you are concise, they wont invite
you again.
141 Second conditional

1 1If you studied a little every day, 2If you
took notes in class, 3you would learn a lot

of new words. 4you would improve your
writing.
2 1would be; if more people used public
transport 2Would you still marry; if I were

poor and you were rich 3If you worked at
home; wouldnt have to 4would we do; if
television didnt exist 5If you could have a
long holiday; would you go
3 1If I had a private jet, Id go to Australia for
the weekend. 2If I spoke perfect English,

I wouldnt need to do this exercise. 3If my
best friend didnt live near me, we wouldnt
meet so often.
4 1might get 2stayed 3wouldnt have
4would take 5stayed 6wouldnt 7was

8could go
5 1would 2wouldnt rent 3would be
4wouldnt take 5d take 6wouldnt cycle

7d probably have to
6 1Would he be angry? 2Would they get
bored? 3Would you accept it? 4Would

you forget me?
7 1d phone 2Would you go 3wouldnt
feel 4Wouldnt you like

8 1d call 2would you help 3d take off
4d like 5Would you like 6Would you

mind 7wouldnt interest
9 1saw 2would you be 3d be 4were
5spoke 6would they speak 7d

speak 8were 9met 10Would you run
41
Grammar key
11wouldnt 12would you do 13won

14would like 15wouldnt mind

1 1opens 2wont remember 3re not
4were/was 5wouldnt need 6disappeared

7d be
Firstconditional: B I wont remember all
these procedures when youre not here to
help me.
Secondconditional: C If every computer
in the world disappeared tomorrow, Id be
really happy.
D If I were/was a bright girl, I wouldnt need
to ask for your help all the time.
2 1If you dont believe in God, you are an
atheist. 2If you have two wives, you are a

bigamist. 3If you speak a lot of languages,
you are a linguist. 4If you dont eat meat,
you are a vegetarian.
3 1burns; it will burn 2doesnt mix; it wont
would disturb me. 2If I study medicine,

Ill become a doctor. - If I discovered a cure
for cancer, Id win the Nobel Prize. 3If I
buy a telescope, Ill observe the sky at night.
- If I discovered a new star, theyd give it my
name. 4If I learn to windsurf, Ill enjoy
myself at the seaside. - If I had a big yacht,
Id sail around the world.
7 1G - d like 2C - will be 3H - would be
4F - ll drink 5A - ll pay 6D - d see
8 1there is 2dont show 3they cut 4they
invited 5Id run

9 London Airport: C Passport control: B
Emergency exit: A
10 1listen 2have 3is 4are 5look
6am not 7are 8have 9encourage

10make 11are not 12get 13wont find
14want 15will have to 16are 17will
agree 18saw 19reconsider 20wanted
21make 22would have to
11 Risposta aperta
mix
4 1If you stay at home to avoid a test, the
teacher will cancel the test. 2If you forget

to turn off your mobile phone before the
lesson, your mother will call you. 3If you
study the entire history book except chapter
5, the teacher will ask you questions only
on chapter 5. 4If you desperately need a
book from the school library, it will be out
on loan. 5If you find the book that you
desperately need, the most important page
will be missing.
1If I saw the curtains of my room on fire,

Id 2If a wild boar attacked me in a
wood, Id 3If my computer broke
down while I was writing an urgent report,
Id 4If I cut myself badly when I am at
home alone, Id 5If I saw an old friend
begging in the street, Id 6If I saw my
boy/girlfriend walking hand in hand with
somebody else, Id
6 1If I move to the country, Ill lead a quieter
life. - If I lived on a desert island, no-one

42
143 Third conditional

1 1it would have been more competitive
2you would have reduced costs 3young

people would have been interested
2 1If you had included a free DVD 2If a
famous journalist had written 3If you had

followed my advice
3 1I wouldnt have missed 2I wouldnt have
had 3I wouldnt have got

4 1she hadnt told 2she hadnt watched
3I had been able
5 1Would you have travelled 2would
you have stayed 3would you have done

4Would you have taken
6 1would not have happened; had not
invented 2Would you have imagined; had

not seen 3had come; would have seen
4would have died; had not had 5had met;
would not have thought 6hadnt become;
would you have chosen
Grammar key
7 1had; would 2would; had

8 1would 2could 3might
9 1would have gone 2would have told
3would have understood 4wouldnt

have been 5would have liked 6would
you have played 7wouldnt have played
8would have become
10 1would take -(D) - hadnt built 2would
obey -(E) - had trained 3would still cause

-(A) - hadnt found 4wouldnt be -(B) had saved
11 1would they have kept 2Where would
they have slept 3How would they have got
144 I wish/If only + past simple/
2 1I wish you wouldnt smoke. 2I wish you
would wear the jewels I buy for you. 3I

wish you lived in my town. 4I wish you
would come jogging with me. 5I wish I
knew some of your family. 6I wish you
wouldnt go out with your friends so often.
3 1he wouldnt stay out 2he would study
3his girlfriend wouldnt phone 4his

friends wouldnt spend
4 1She wishes she hadnt left her old job.
2He wishes he hadnt bought me an electric

guitar. 3I wish I had booked a table at the
restaurant. 4We wish we hadnt planted a
tree in our small garden. 5The city council
wishes it had built some schools over the last
years. 6We wish we had remembered to
take an umbrella.
could/past continuous
1 1I wish I had black hair. 2I wish I lived
in the city. 3I wish I worked in an office.

4I wish I knew some famous people. 5I
wish I could ride a horse. 6I wish I was
more outgoing.
2 1We wish our office wasnt/werent so
small. 2I wish my colleagues werent so

lazy. 3They wish the air conditioning
didnt make so much noise. 4He wishes he
didnt work in the basement. 5She wishes
it didnt rain all the time.
3 1wasnt 2werent 3could 4was/were
5was/were standing 6was/were walking

7was/were sitting 8could 9had
4 Risposte aperte
5 Risposte aperte
145 I wish/If only + would/past

perfect/could have
1 1she didnt smoke 2she wore the jewels I
buy for her 3she lived in my town 4she

came jogging with me 5I knew some of
her family 6she didnt go out with her
friends so often

1 1D - hadnt hurt 2B - were 3A - would
have met 4E - hadnt hit 5C - hadnt

stopped
2 1B 2A 3A 4D 5A 6A 7A 8A
9D 10A 11B 12D 13D 14A

15C
3 1wouldnt have gone to 2if we hadnt
invited 3I would be tired 4if he hadnt

studied 5they could have found 6wish I
knew the password 7wish my friends were
not 8she wouldnt smoke 9they could
have found 10wishes he hadnt bought
4 1could have afforded 2could have got
3could have got married 4could have

come
5 1I wish you loved music. 2I wish the boys
would study more./I wish the boys studied

more. 3I wish the bus would come soon.
4Sheila wishes she knew Spanish. 5I wish
that band would stop playing.
6 Risposte aperte
7 Risposte aperte
43
Grammar key
-ING FORM AND INFINITIVE
147 The infinitive: present and

past
1 1to study/not to study; not to study 2to
get up/not to get up; to get up 3to tell/not

to tell; not to tell 4to find/not to find; to
find
2 1to have got/not to have got; not to have
got 2to have lost/not to have lost; to have

lost 3to have parked/not to have parked;
to have parked 4to have phoned/not to
have phoned; not to have phoned
3 1a 2di 3per 4da 5a 6di 7di
4 1to run 2to connect 3to fight 4not to
plan 5to think 6to be 7to dream
148 -ing form(as noun, after

prepositions, -ing clause)
149 Verbs of sentiment

1 1Tim loves going to the football stadium.
2Clare enjoys dancing. 3Tim doesnt

mind going to discos but he hates dancing.
4Clare likes cooking but she prefers eating
out. 5Tim dislikes spending money on
restaurants.
2 1Jenna loves going shopping for clothes.
2Jenna likes doing sport. 3Jenna dislikes

lending her things to friends. 4Jenna hates
studying a lot. 5Jenna doesnt mind going
out with her parents.
3 Esercizio aperto
4 1reading(F) 2not having(D) 3talking
to(A) 4working(E) 5going(C)

A talking to C torturing D being
E sharing F reading
5 Risposte aperte
1 making beginning learning becoming
transmitting cooking giving quarrelling

appealing swimming dying boiling
getting lying
150 Verb + object pronoun +
2 1Eating 2drinking 3Smoking 4Living
1 1She wants Tim to become a famous
5working 6Not knowing
3 1We only send the goods after receiving a
written order. 2Before moving here, we

lived in central London. 3Since meeting
Dave, Ive made a lot of new friends. 4The
children were in the sitting room watching
TV.
4 1of - getting up 2of - arriving 3of -
phoning 4at - lying 5for - being 6in employing 7of - being 8on - explaining
9of - wasting
5 Risposte aperte
infinitive
scientist. 2She wants Tim and Anne to
study hard. 3She wants them to go to
university. 4She wants Tim to play a
musical instrument. 5She wants Tim and
Anne to be happy. 6She wants them to
have children.
2 1the students to be at school for 7.30.
2the students to bring a packed lunch.

3the coach to take them directly to the
hotel. 4the guide to meet them at the
hotel. 5the guide to send her the final
itinerary. 6the students to go out in the
evening.
3 1to have 2them 3to work 4to be
5to have 6doctors
44
Grammar key
4 1me to go 2us to tell 3my friends to
come 4them to stay 5me to do 6me

not to be 7me not to leave 8me to go
to enter 10foreign visitors to pay

11them to import or export 12planning
13consulting
152 Verbs + -ing form or infinitive
1 1staying 2going 3to go 4to get
1 1to keep 2to move 3to comment 4to
5being 6to persuade 7seeing 8to stay
2 1sailing 2dancing 3to take part 4to
teach 5to join 6windsurfing

3 Risposte aperte
4 1want to read 2want to write 3want
to do 4want you to write 5want her to

book 6want her to find out 7want them
to work
5 Verbidainserire: 1entering 2to close
3giving 4ordering 5to tell 6to buy

7queueing 8going
Alternativegiuste: 1B 2A
6 Esercizio aperto
7 1skiing 2looking for 3to speak
4having 5foxhunting 6to study

7talking 8not to eat 9listening/to listen.
Si deveusarelaformain-ing: 1 2John
kept on talking during the film. 4Do you
want to go skiing next weekend? 5While
looking for his passport, Trevor came across
his ex-girlfriends photo.
Si puusarelaformain-ingolinfinito:
6Judy loves listening/to listen to music
while shes doing her homework.
Si deveusarelinfinito: 7Its nice to speak
to you. 8The teacher wants us to study
unit four for homework.
8 1admitting 2to discuss 3to talk 4to
accept 5to say 6marrying 7trying

8entering 9talking 10thinking
11to get married 12doing 13sailing
14skiing 15to marry
9 1everyone to do 2travelling/to travel
3Getting/To get 4to choose 5trekking

6to visit 7to apply 8to go 9tourists
be 5to convince 6to reinstate 7to move

2 1travelling 2discussing 3feeling
4making 5leaving 6looking for

7commuting
3 1not to promote 2to move 3making
4to help
B living C taking D taking E to think
Abbinamenti: 1C 2B 3E 4D
4 1to do 2doing 3to do 4doing
5moaning 6doing 7to convince 8to

differ 9speaking
5 1making; to put 2wasting; going 3to
learn 4to say

6 1falling asleep almost immediately 2He
remembers feeling cold during the night

3getting up in the middle of the night
4He cant remember walking barefoot on
the terrace 5He cant remember going
back to bed after a few minutes
7 1being 2not to drink 3to inform
4telling
A talking B to renew C drinking
D to tell E to convince
Abbinamenti: 1 E 2 C 3 B 4 D
8 1to escape 2to look 3spending
4dreaming
153 Be used to/get used to

1 1Im not used to driving on the left. Im
used to driving on the right. - Now Im

getting used to driving on the left. 2Im
not used to paying for things in pounds. Im
used to paying for things in euro. - Now Im
getting used to paying for things in pounds.
3Im not used to having dinner at 6oclock.
45
Grammar key
Im used to having dinner at 8oclock. Now Im getting used to having dinner at

6oclock.
6 1I saw new trees being replanted. 2I saw
the road being repaired. 3I saw road signs

being repainted. 4I saw the river banks
being reinforced. 5I saw new drains being
dug.
2 1s used to cooking 2are used to washing
3are used to playing 4are used to growing
3 1got used to having 2get used to taking
7 1was seen working 2was heard to say
3was heard saying 4was seen buying

5were seen gambling 6is felt to be
3got used to having 4getting used to

seeing 5get used to taking
4 1speak 2eating 3say 4cooking
5moving 6complain 7living
154 Make/let/get + object pronoun

1 1to decide 2to appreciate/appreciating
3thinking 4listening 5playing 6to

perform 7to stop 8playing 9to give
10giving 11live 12living 13being
14destroyed 15play 16study 17to
practise 18attending 19travelling/
to travel 20to find 21throwing away
22playing 23stealing 24to play
25developing
+ verb; be made to; be allowed

to
1 1let 2get 3makes 4got 5made 6let
2 1made me fill 2made all visitors leave
3make you go 4let me take 5didnt

make me open 6made me stand 7let me
go 8didnt let me bring 9got him to get
10make you feel
2 Risposte aperte
3 1inviting 2to tell 3leaving 4working
5learn 6give 7to lend 8to pay 9to

use 10call 11smoking
3 1was made to wash the family car 2was
made to look after 3wasnt allowed to stay

out 4she wasnt allowed to use 5was
made to feel
155 Verbs of perception

1 1say 2crash 3strike 4score 5enter
2 B talking C smoking D sitting
E repairing F celebrating
Abbinamenti: 1 C 2 E 3 F 4 B 5 D
3 1running 2give 3walking 4stop
5grab 6deliver
4 1them rehearsing 2our football team play
3them training 4the school band play

5notice anyone drinking 6our 3rd year
students take 7anyone cheating
5 1the storm warning broadcast by the radio
2some trees uprooted by the wind

3a bridge swept away by the river 4some
cars carried away by the flood
46
Tabella:
Forget,regret: I forgot to tell you; she
regrets leaving her old job.
Beusedto,Getusedto: Im used to
working long hours.
Make+object: The teacher makes him
learn...
Let+object: Let me give you a hand.
Get+object: How did Kevin get you to
lend him your car?
Bemade: They were made to pay for the
damages.
Beallowed: Customers are not allowed to
use this door.
Verbsofperception: I heard him call my
name; A security guard saw him smoking in
a no-smoking area.
4 1was starting to rain 2is used to sleeping
3made everybody laugh 4get the waiter

to bring 5are not allowed to stay 6be
made to pay 7saw the two boys fighting
Grammar key
8watched Bob and Charles fight 9a tune

being played 10was seen waiting
5 1Helen si ricordata di andare dal dentista
ieri. 2Helen ricord/ricordava la prima

volta in cui era andata dal dentista.(Rivive
lesperienza nella frase 2.) 3Tim si ferm
a parlare con il vicino. 4Tim smise di
parlare con il vicino.(La frase da usare
la 4.) 5Luomo del negozio non parlava
inglese cos Kate cerc/si sforz di parlare
francese. 6Luomo del negozio non parlava
inglese cos Kate cerc/si sforz di parlare
francese.(Nella frase 5Kate cerca di parlare
francese perch sa che luomo lo parla; nella
frase 6Kate prova a comunicare in francese
nella speranza che lui lo parli.) 7Ho visto
che Matthew faceva i compiti e me ne sono
andato. 8Mi sono accertato che Matthew
facesse i compiti e me ne sono andato.(Chi
parla rimane con Matthew nella frase 8).
9Il cliente non era interessato a comprare
una macchina fotografica digitale, cos Jack

pass a illustrargli i modelli tradizionali.
10Il cliente non era interessato a comprare
una macchina fotografica digitale ma
Jack continu a illustrargli tutti i modelli
del negozio.(Jack modifica il suo
comportamento nella frase 9.)
6 1I hear someone talking in the next room.
2Have you ever seen anyone play an entire

match in the snow? 3The man admitted
stealing the money. 4Dont forget to
lock the door. 5I dont remember saying
those words. 6We are used to living in
the country. 7The public is getting used
to buying the new product. 8This song
makes me think of you. 9The employees
arent allowed to park in the courtyard.
10I saw John talking to a stranger. 11I
heard John speak at the conference: he said
interesting things.
THE PASSIVE
157 Passive: present and past

simple
1 1Fifty years ago, houses were built with
wood. Today, they are built with concrete.

2Fifty years ago, traditional costumes were
worn every day. Today, they arent worn
anymore. 3Fifty years ago, rice was grown
in the fields around the village. Today, it is
imported from abroad. 4Fifty years ago
only the local dialect was spoken. Today,
English is often spoken. 5Fifty years ago,
folk dances were performed on religious
occasions. Today, folk dances are performed
for tourists.
2 1Was America discovered in 1746? No, it
wasnt. It was discovered in 1492. 2Are

windsurfs made of metal? No, they arent.
They are made of fibreglass. 3Are oranges
grown in Central Europe? No, they arent.
They are grown in the Mediterranean.
4Was The Lord of the Rings made into a

musical? No, it wasnt. It was made into a
film. 5Were the first railways built in the
USA? No, they werent. They were built in
Britain.
3 1When were the pyramids built? 2How is
this exam marked? 3How often are these

rooms cleaned? 4Where are these products
manufactured?
4 1They - arent allowed in that restaurant
2people - werent used at the table 3They

- is served from 7to 9 4they , they - are
put in large boxes, then they are carried to
the oil mill 5They - m always consulted
about important matters
5 1was built by the Romans 2were
organized by Italy 3is grown by China

4were built by the Mayas
47
Grammar key
6 1was it inaugurated 2was painted 3is
displayed 4is it displayed 5is made 6is

it made of 7was made 8was used 9was
it used for 10was interrupted
158 Passive: other tenses and

modals
1 1will be published 2(past part. di keep)
must be kept 3(past part. di catch) havent
been caught 4(past part. di wear) shouldnt
be worn 5be found 6going to be

cancelled
2 1had been closed 2Was the painting
protected 3had not been switched

on 4are being questioned 5were being
filmed 6will be arrested 7are going to be
caught 8will have been sent out 9be sold
10Would the thieves be caught 11have
been commissioned
159 Passive with verbs followed

by two objects; prepositions
by/with
1 1me - I was taught this song at school.
2him - He will be given the letter

tomorrow. 3famous actors - Are famous
actors paid much money? 4the new
manager - The new manager is being shown
the office. 5the reporter - Was the reporter
passed the information?
2 1At half past nine Sir Keenwit and his wife
were shown different parts of the school

by the students. 2At twelve oclock Sir
Keenwit and Lady Keenwit were served
lunch by the students. 3At two oclock Sir
Keenwit was presented with a medal by the
teachers. 4At half past two Sir Keenwit
was asked questions by the students.
3 1are sent to a paper mill 2are paid a small
sum 3The plastic and glass is sent 4are

granted tax reductions 5These computers
are given to schools in developing countries
160 Have/get + object + past

participle; need + -ing
1 1Ill have them repaired. 2Ill have it
installed. 3Ill have them changed. 4Ill

have it removed.
2 1Do you have your eyes tested once a year?
2do you have your teeth checked? 3Do

you have your cholesterol levels checked
regularly? 4do you have your hearing
tested?
3 1needs repairing 2ll have it repaired
3needs fixing 4 had it fixed 5needs

painting 6m having it painted 7needs
mowing 8ve had it mowed/mown
9needs cleaning
4 Far(si) fare qualcosa: risposte 3, 4, 5
Subire un danno: risposte 0, 1, 2
1had anything stolen 2had his nose

broken 3have it treated 4had the lock
changed 5have a burglar alarm installed

1 1German is spoken here. 2The space
shuttle will be launched tomorrow.

3Cigarettes are not sold to people under 16.
4The missing boy has been found in a cave.
5Five cases of malaria have been reported so
far.
2 Eventi da cerchiare: new school/opened
city theatre/renovated multistorey car park/

built
Eventi da sottolineare: council taxes/
increased three bus lines/cut 50municipal
workers/dismissed parking metres/installed
in the city centre
1We have opened a new school. 2We
have renovated the city theatre. 3We have
built a multistorey car park. 4Three bus
lines have been cut. 5Fifty municipal
workers have been dismissed. 6Parking
metres have been installed in the city centre.
4 1with 2with 3by 4with 5by

48
Grammar key
3 1must be typed 2can be cleaned 3must
be sent 4can be made 5must be put

away
4 1D 2B 3D 4A 5A 6B 7D
8C 9B 10A
5 1were filled 2were invaded 3had been
left 4was lifted 5had been preserved

6were found
6 1is warmed 2is added and mixed carefully
with the milk 3is left 4is put inside a

special cloth 5is put 6is added 7are
carried to the cellar
7 1was been 2had had - had got
3had - got 4wouldnt been 5have - get

6was - got 7was - got 8has
8 1is going to be built in place of the park
2are worried by this plan 3were invited to

a meeting in the city hall 4were shown the
plans of the future car park 5will be built
underground 6will be planted on the roof
7were not convinced by these promises
8has been called for tomorrow afternoon
in front of the city hall 9will be asked to
withdraw their plan
9 1Can the antivirus be downloaded from
Brainsofts website? 2How much space

will be needed on the hard disk? 3How
often is the antivirus updated? 4Is a new
version being prepared(by Brainsoft)?
5When is it going to be released? 6Has
the Brainsoft antivirus been tested by your
experts? 7When were the results of the test
published?
10 1Yes, the antivirus can be downloaded
from Brainsofts website. 2At least

50megabites of hard disk space will be
needed. 3The antivirus is updated every
week(by Brainsoft). 4Yes, at the moment
a new version is being prepared. 5It is
going to be released next month. 6Yes,
the Brainsoft antivirus has been tested by
our experts. 7The results of the test were
published in the April issue of our magazine.
162 It is said that the boys are; the

boys are said to be
1 1He is said to live in a beautiful house.
2His wife is known to be a Hollywood

actress. 3He is believed to drive fantastic
cars. 4His friends are thought to be
influential people. 5His films are said
to make millions of dollars. 6He is not
expected to come back to his native town.
2 1that this was a legend 2was reported that
a large, dark shape often emerged from the

water at night 3It is said that a fisherman
has disappeared mysteriously 4It is
suspected that a large animal lives in the lake
5It is said that the dragon comes out of the
water only on a full moon 6it is expected
that the dragon
3 1was thought to be a legend 2dark shape
was reported to often emerge from the

water at night 3is said to have disappeared
mysteriously 4A large animal is suspected
to live in the lake 5The dragon is said to
come out of the water only on a full moon
6The dragon is expected to surface next
week
4 1are said to have killed the last wolf in our
valleys in 1902 2the presence of a small

pack of wolves was reported 3The animals
are thought to come/have come 4More
wolves are expected to move 5the wolf
was considered a dangerous animal 6it
is known to play an important role in the
mountain ecosystem

1 1The people on board are thought to be
American. 2One of them is considered to

be an experienced skipper. 3The boat is
believed to be flying the French flag. 4It
is known to have stopped at the island of
Noirmoutier on Tuesday night. 5It is said
to have sent the last radio message yesterday
morning. 6It is feared that the boat has
run aground on a sand bank.
49
Grammar key
2 1has been discovered by 2was awarded
the prize 3will be built using 4should be

locked 5is the new library going 6had
my bag stolen 7room needs cleaning
8had my dishwasher repaired 9is said to
serve 10is feared to have
3 1is believed 2were built 3been replaced
4were being tested 5have one installed

6were given 7are currently being built
8can be used 9been installed 10is
emitted 11would be destroyed 12must
be cut 13is expected to continue 14will
be suspended
4 Present simple: is emitted
Past simple: were built

Present continuous: are being built
Past continuous: were being tested
Past perfect: had been replaced
Future with will: will be suspended
Future perfect: will have been installed
Modals: can be used; must be cut
Have/get + object: have one installed
Reporting verbs(costruzione impersonale):

it is believed
5 1First the candidates are examined. Then
the polling stations are opened. Finally

the president is elected. 2First the fish is
cleaned. Then it is fried in a pan. Finally it is
served with salad. 3First the milk is heated
to 72C. Then it is cooled quickly. Finally it
is bottled.
6 1was fought between 1914and 1918 2are
being designed 3are killed every year

4was being built
7 1The Starry Night was painted by Van Gogh
in 1892. 2English Kings and Queens

have always been crowned in Westminster
Abbey. 3New stars are being discovered by
astronomers every week. 4The resolution
will be approved tomorrow. 5The scene
was being filmed by three different TV
crews. 6The house had been painted
yellow.
REPORTED SPEECH
164 Reported speech

1 1you need to be at the cinema by
7.45tomorrow night. Hell meet you

outside 2hes got the tickets for the
football match on Saturday. You owe him
20 3he cant see you next Saturday Hes
busy 4you have to wash his blue T-shirt
5he needs to borrow your notes
for economics because hes lost his
2 1were growing up 2wanted 3would
finish 4was working 5would be

3 1(that) he was going to look for another
flat because he was paying a lot of rent and

he didnt earn much 2(that) he had seen a
lot of Italy. He had been to Rome, Venice,
50
Florence and Umbria 3(that) he thought

he would stay in Pisa for a number of years
4(that) his mum was going to visit him in
July for two weeks 5(that) the last time
she had been there she had got lost
4 1(that) she is having a fantastic time
2(that) the weather is quite hot 3(that)

the beaches are great but the seas cold
4(that) they took them on a tour of Lisbon
yesterday 5(that) they are going to Fatima
tomorrow 6(that) they went to a disco last
night
5 1(that) he had a job interview in London
that day 2(that) he was a cook but he

was out of work at that moment 3(that)
he had lost/lost his job the previous month
Grammar key
4(that) he had worked in some of the best

restaurants in Britain 5(that) he had had/
had another job interview the day before
but they hadnt offered/didnt offer him the
job 6(that) if he didnt get the job that
time, he wasnt going home to his family the
following day. He would go abroad
6 1(that) if he had known, he would have
asked the company for more money

2(that) he had bought a small car 3(that)
he would like to visit Sicily 4(that) a
friend of his was touring Sicily in July
5(that) if he found a cheap flight, he would
go there the following month 6(that) if life
in Italy werent so expensive, he would have
travelled more 7(that) he had booked/
booked his flight home for Christmas the
day before
165 Say and tell

1 1said 2told me 3Did you say 4Why
did Sandra tell you 5Are you saying

6says 7Have you told Fiona 8Tell Pete
2 1says 2have told; says 3says 4Tell
5said 6told 7tells 8will tell
3 1said 2didnt say 3telling 4have
told/ve told
4 1Neil Armstrong told the world(that) that
was one small step for man, one giant leap

for mankind. 2Fellini said(that) it was
only when he was doing his work that he felt
truly alive. 3Gandhi told the people(that)
democracy is not a state in which people are
like sheep. 4Walt Disney said(that) he
always liked to look on the optimistic side
of life, but he was realistic enough to know
that life is a complex matter. 5Wilbur
Wright said(that) man would never fly, not
in a thousand years.
166 Reported speech with modals

1 1might occur at any time 2kidnapped
alone 4ought to 5had to get a 90-day

visa before I went 6would be 7might be
a hurricane while I was 8had to have
2 1could already ski 2would be 3was
absolutely 4would win 5might come

6should think
167 Reported questions

1 1She asked me what the population of
Britain was. 2She asked me if Ben Nevis

was in Wales. 3She asked me which sea
separated Britain from France. 4She asked
me where Snowdonia was. 5She asked me
if the coal industry was important. 6She
asked me what the main industries were.
2 1He asked me what I did. 2He asked me
what I had been doing in Paris. 3He asked

me how long I had stayed there. 4He
asked me which monuments I had seen.
5He asked me why I hadnt visited the
Louvre. 6He asked me when I was going
back to Paris again.
3 1He asked me if/whether I lived near the
centre of London. 2He asked me if/

whether I liked my job. 3He asked me
if/whether I had liked Paris. 4He asked
me if/whether I had been satisfied with my
hotel. 5He asked me if/whether I had
visited Versailles.
4 1what experience I had 2if/whether I
had ever worked abroad 3if/whether I

had enjoyed/enjoyed working there 4if/
whether I would go back there again
5when I could start
168 Reported orders and requests

1 1told me not to put my feet on the sofa
2told me to pick all the sweet papers up off

the floor 3to throw the empty cans away
4told me to clear the table 5to wash all
the dishes in the sink 6to come up and
tidy my room
foreigners and I could 3shouldnt travel

51
Grammar key
Verbi da sottolineare: 1Will 2Could

3Would 4Can 5Would 6Would
2 1to give her a lift to the station 2to go
to the chemists for her 3to buy her some

milk 4to help her update the computer
5to write up a report for him 6to work
over lunchtime to finish
3 1asked me to make her a cup of coffee
2told me to take a document to Mr Jones

on the fourth floor 3told me not to go
for lunch at twelve 4told me to phone
the technician and tell him to repair the
light in her office 5asked me to order her
a sandwich from the caf across the road
6asked me to work next Saturday
last week 6is near 7s got 8we book

now, they will give us a
7 1depended 2wanted 3was 4wasnt
5were renovating 6would 7the

following 8had been 9the previous
week 10was 11had 12booked then
13would give us
8 1the previous night 2knew 3could set
up 4wanted a lot of money 5would

get 6might also allow her 7wouldnt
tell her 8he was taking her 9must be
10was coming to get her 11that morning
12could be 13might not 14me/us
15I/we didnt hear from her 16I/we
should contact
9 1had 2he was recording 3what he

1 1was staying 2worked/works(fatto
sempre vero) 3had hitched/hitched 4had

met/met 5would stay 6would love
7didnt have 8would look
2 Domandeindirette:1if it was raining there
2what I was eating 3what I wanted to do

4if he had enjoyed/enjoyed the film 5if he
had cut his finger
Domandedirette: 6Are you going to

the party? 7Why are you leaving early?
8What do you want to drink? 9Did you
sleep well? 10Did you lock/Have you
locked the door?
3 Richieste: Frasi 2, 4, 5, 7
4 2to lend him her dictionary 4to open the
wine 5to answer the phone 7to pass the

butter
5 1Are you hungry? 2not to write 3to
open 4dont feel 5much does

6 1depends when we want to go 2is a very
good period because it isnt too hot then

3they are renovating the Blue Dream Hotel/
it at the moment 4will open next month
5(that) their travel representative was there
52
was working on 4(that) he was recording

5how long he had been working 6(that)
he started writing 7how he would describe
8(that) it was 9if/whether the album
would be 10would 11went OK 12if/
whether he was planning 13(that) he was
touring 14the following 15was giving
16the following
170 Other verbs used for

reporting
1 1invited me to come to dinner on Saturday
2advised dad to get some exercise every

day/advised dad that he ought to get some
exercise every day 3reminded my brother
to take his sports bag with him 4ordered
us not to leave the town without informing
them first 5warned the passengers to get
to the check-in desk early because there were
huge delays in checking-in
2 1refused to do his; added; hated
2promised to phone/promised she would

phone 3offered to post; explained; was
going 4threatened to sue; didnt reimburse
him/her
3 1(that) a courier would deliver 2to take
advantage/(that) I should take advantage
Grammar key
3to keep 4(that) my husband should

consider 5(that) my husband needed
4 1congratulated Anita on getting
2apologised for being 3blamed his wife

for missing 4accused her brother of lying
5discouraged him from selling
5 1leaving/us to leave/(that) we leave/(that)
we left/(that) we should leave early the next

day/tomorrow 2going/(that) we go/(that)
we went/(that) we should go to Portugal
3advertising/Tony to advertise/(that) Tony
advertise/(that) Tony advertised/(that) Tony
should advertise 4(that) the government
had made/made a mistake 5smoking/
(that) she had smoked/smoked in the
corridor yesterday/the day before 6(that)
the painting was a fake
6 1apologised 2explained 3hadnt
seen/didnt see 4blamed 5for leaving

6admitted 7he was 8added 9was
10had 11suggested 12buy/bought/
should buy

1 1they were offering 2that 3I had any
old furniture 4they would value them for

me 5told 6had a few 7werent very
valuable 8would like 9were worth 10if
I had 11could value them 12I preferred
13if I had time then 14preferred
15(that) I would get 16then 17was
18how long I had had 19had belonged/
belonged 20if it was 21(that) he needed
to check 22he thought(that) they could
23I decided
2 1to answer 2if he has 3him 4he
doesnt 5how he normally acquires 6he

sells 7buys them 8buys them 9to show
me 10if he has sold 11he hasnt 12to
discuss 13to inform us 14to phone us
15to behave 16not to tackle
3 1A 2C 3D 4B 5A 6A 7A 8C
9A 10D
4 1apologised for forgetting to phone
2offered to lend Sue her 3denied breaking

the/denied he had broken the/denied he
broke the 4reminded Tim to put the
5advised Pete not to eat 6told Ian to
take 7admitted eating the last/admitted
she ate/had eaten the last 8promised to
give Richard/promised Richard to give him
9invited Anne to (come to) 10blamed
Kevin for not
5 1Ho telefonato ieri allufficio ma la tua/Sua
segretaria ha detto che dovevi/doveva essere

ammalato perch non eri/era venuto in
ufficio. 2Andrew ha detto che ha dovuto
rimanere in ufficio fino a tardi ieri. 3Gli
insegnanti hanno detto ad Alan che doveva/
dovr ripetere gli esami il prossimo giugno.
1must 2had to
6 1Marks neighbour told me he/Mark must
be away because his car wasnt parked in

front of the house. 2Pete said that the
other night he had to walk home because he
missed/had missed the last bus. 3Yesterday
the boss told me that I must work next/on
Saturday.
7 Il gruppo A richiede in inglese una
costruzione molto diversa da quella italiana.
GruppoA
1Yesterday Cathy suggested going out for
dinner. 2Mark apologised for arriving
late. 3Michael admitted losing my book.
4Yesterday Tanya accused me of saying
horrible things about her.
GruppoB
1The minister admitted the government
wanted to raise the taxes. 2The workers
threatened to go on strike. 3Dan advised
me to tell the truth. 4Carl refused to tidy
his room.
53
Grammar key
Supplementary Section
172 Verbs which cause confusion

1 1lend 2havent met 3borrow
4Remind 5fetch 6dont know
2 1fetch 2brings 3wear 4takes 5carry

3 1fetched 2meet 3reminded 4to lend
4 1I cant remember the name of that French
restaurant near the bank. 2I cant fetch

the children from school tomorrow. I have
a meeting. 3Remind Julie to buy milk,
please. 4Sandra and Jerry met at a party
last year. 5A: Im cold. B: I can lend
you a jacket if you like. 6Can I take this

catalogue, please? 7Keith wears glasses.
8Can you take me to the station tomorrow
morning? The train leaves at eight.
9I know that woman but I cant remember
her name. 10Take this envelope to the
office on the third floor.
173 Use of do and make

1 1made 2does; makes 3is making 4to
make 5do 6not to do 7make 8to

make 9do; make 10to make
translation dossier exercises
1 Presente
1 1A - present simple - He works at a hotel
near Hyde Park. 2D (intenzione) - be going

to - What are you going to do next weekend?
3C - present perfect simple/present perfect
continuous - Janet has lived/has been living in
Italy since 2006. 4C - present perfect simple
- I have loved music .
2 1situazione in evoluzione - the hurricane
is moving towards Florida. 2azione iniziata

nel passato e tuttora in corso - My father
hasnt smoked for many years. (Di norma
in frasi negative non si usa il present perfect
continuous). 3intenzione - Im going to
go to university. 4azione in corso - A: What
are you listening to? B: A song by Michael
Jackson. 5decisione immediata - Its very
cold here! Ill put my jumper/sweater on.
3 1My brother Paolo plays the drums. He has
played them since he was fourteen. At this

moment he is playing with his friends in the
cellar. They have been playing for two hours.
2A: Tomorrow Im buying a new computer.
Ive already paid a deposit. Im selling my old
computer for one hundred euros. B: Really?
54
Ill buy it! Usually nobody sells a computer

for one hundred euros. 3A: Where are you
going? B: To buy a present for Lindas birthday.
Are you going to go to her party? A: I cant.
Im working that evening. I always work on
Friday evening(s).
4 1Mia sorella studia il cinese da molti anni.
Ora lavora a Beijing. 2A: Guarda! C un

distributore di bevande accanto al binario.
Comperer una Coca-cola. B: Sbrigati! Il
nostro treno parte alle 10.03. 3A: Non posso
accompagnare i bambini a scuola domani
mattina. Parto alle sette. B: Non lavoro
domani. Li accompagno io.
4 tanto/molto che aspetti/aspettate?
2 Imperfetto
1 1C - used to - When I was a child, I used to
watch cartoons every day. Now I dont watch

them any longer/any more. 2A - past simple
- The man was old and didnt have any hair.
3D - past continuous e past simple - The
students were writing when the teacher came in.
4B - past continuous - What were you doing
yesterday at 9 in front of the station?
Grammar key
5D - past perfect continuous - We had been

travelling for ten minutes when the train stopped.
2 1Jane had two children and worked in a
bank. At 8 that morning she was having

breakfast while her husband was working at
the computer in his study. 2When I lived
in London I often used to eat at Starbucks.
One day I was eating a sandwich when I saw
Alice coming. Alice was from Leeds but in that
period she was living in a hostel in Bayswater.
3Davide had been reading for hours and was
tired. He looked around the library. Many
people were reading and two girls were looking
out of the window. 4A: Were you still
finishing the test when the bell rang? B: Yes, I
was. While the bell was ringing I was finishing
the last sentence. 5Professor Watkins was an
exceptional man. He had three degrees and
spoke five languages. That evening, while he
was speaking about his latest book, a young
man asked him a question.
3 1My grandfather was tall and had a long
beard. 2While their mother was cooking, the

children were playing in their room.
3I was writing an e-mail when a fax arrived.
4Luisa is retired. She used to work as a nurse.
5When we went out it was raining.
6A: Were you studying when I phoned you?
B: No, I was watching the TV. 7When I was
in England, I used to go/I went to the pub
every evening. 8There wasnt anybody/
There was nobody in the park, except for a
man who was reading a newspaper on a bench.
9We had been knocking for five minutes
when finally the door opened. 10The children
had been playing for hours. When I saw
them, some of them were playing with a ball
while others were running in the park.
4 1Era lunica strada che collegava la citt
allaeroporto. 2Alcuni studenti prendevano

appunti mentre linsegnante parlava.
3A: Praticavi qualche sport quando eri pi
giovane? B: S, giocavo a calcio. 4Quando
siamo arrivati al mare la marea montava.
5Migliaia di anni fa queste caverne erano
abitate. 6Chi guidava lautomobile quando
successo lincidente? 7Una volta non si
serviva carne qui. Era un ristorante vegetariano.
8Non cerano nuvole nel cielo e soffiava

un leggero vento. 9Seguivo il sospettato
da tre ore quando lho visto entrare in un
bar. 10Guidavamo dalla mattina presto ed
eravamo stanchi.
3 Passato prossimo, remoto

e trapassato
1 1This week we have already had two Maths
lessons. 2periodo di tempo del tutto trascorso

- Last night I went to bed at ten. 3risultati
che permangono nel presente - The box is
empty. Someone has eaten all the chocolates.
4dettagli riguardo a esperienze passate - A: How
much did you pay for the flight? B: Only 80
euros. I bought the ticket on-line. 5esperienze
passate in generale - Im a journalist. In my job I
have met many famous people.
2 1Paolo has passed three exams this week.
2I have been working all day. Im exhausted.

3They havent built the new road yet.
4A: What have you been doing all afternoon?
B: I have been sleeping. 5Someone has
been using my bike/bicycle. Its full of mud.
6Ilaria has made a cake. Its in the oven.
3 1When we got/arrived home, mum had
already cooked lunch. 2After the mayor

had finished speaking, the journalists asked
some questions. 3The sun had set when we
arrived at the village. 4I had been studying
all day when Giorgio told me the test had been
postponed. 5John had already heard the
news when I phoned. 6The children were
hungry because they hadnt eaten.
4 1A: Have you ever seen this film? B: Yes, I
saw it last year. 2It has been raining all day.

3When we arrived at the station the train
had just left. 4Giulia has passed the exam.
Yesterday she received/got the letter with the
results. 5I have travelled a lot during my life
but I had never seen such a beautiful place.
4 Futuro
1 1A: What are you going to do during the
holidays? B: Im not sure. Im probably going
55
Grammar key
to go to the sea. 2evento che non dipende

dalla volont di chi parla - There will be a
solar eclipse in our country in 2018. 3orario
prestabilito - The bus leaves at 11.10 and
arrives at 12.35. 4previsione - I think
the team will win the match next Sunday.
5azione programmata definitivamente - Paolo
and I are playing tennis on Friday at 16.30.
6intenzione - Im going to visit the new
museum one of these days.
2 1A: Look, heres the conductor. The concert is
going to start soon. B: Oh, no. Luca isnt here.

A: He will certainly be at the bar. When he
comes back the concert will already have started.
2A: I cant come to the match. I have to do
my homework. B: The match starts at six. By
that time you will certainly have finished your
homework. 3A: What time does the party
finish? B: I think it will finish early. Everyone/
Everybody is going home by underground
and the underground closes at eleven. 4A: I
cant find my English book. B: Someone may
have taken it by mistake. I am sure they will
bring it back tomorrow. 5A: The computer
isnt working. B: It may be a virus. A: I think I
will call a technician. B: Its not necessary. The
technician is coming tomorrow at 9.30 to check
all the office computers. 6A: Will you go
to study in the United States if they offer you
a grant? B: I dont know. When the moment
comes, I will decide.
3 1A: Heres the timetable. The course starts
on 3rd October at 9 in the morning. B: Who

is holding the lessons? A: John Methley is
teaching computer science. I think the English
teacher will be Helen Horne. 2Rossi is alone
in front of the goal keeper. Hes going to score!
3A: When will Man arrive on Mars? B:
According to several scientists, by 2050 NASA
will have built a base on Mars. 4A: What is
Deborah going to do when she leaves school?
B: Shes going to study medicine. Thats her
plan. 5Ive heard thunder. There will be a
storm soon. 6 A: What time are the children
coming home from the park? B: At four. But
theyll come home before if it begins to rain.
4 Cara Anita, ti mando una rapida e-mail
dalla stazione. Carlo e io partiremo tra

56
mezzora per una vacanza piuttosto insolita.

Prenderemo il treno delle 8.25 per Trieste. A
Trieste scaricheremo le nostre biciclette dal
treno e pedaleremo per tutte le Alpi. Quando
arriveremo a Torino, tra 20 giorni, avremo
percorso 1700 chilometri e attraversato 26
valichi alpini. Ora devo smettere di scrivere. La
batteria quasi scarica e il mio portatile sta per
spegnersi.
5 Congiuntivo
1 1proposta - eating out tonight?
2rammaricarsi per eventi passati - I had

listened to you! 3deduzione - Luigi have
left? 4desiderio - I had a car.
2 1I hope Mark wins. 2I dont think Mary
will come to the party. 3I thought we were

friends. 4Sandra wants her children to do
their homework. 5I thought that the match
had started by now.
Esercizi sommativi (1-5)

1 I have known Andrea for many years. We
used to play football together when we were

at school. He was a nice boy and he loved
animals a lot, a passion he still has today.
After he finished school he went to university
and became a zoologist. Today he works for
an international organisation which protects
endangered animals species. In this moment
he is working in a nature reserve in Kenya.
Recently he has sent me an email. He is coming
back to Italy next Tuesday: hes already got the
plane ticket. I hope he will come to see me.
2 I have always liked working with children,
for this reason I attended a school to become

an infant nurse from 2003 to 2009. After I
finished school my parents wanted me to find
a job straightaway/immediately, so I worked
for almost a year in a restaurant in my town.
It wasnt bad but I used to work/I worked
above all/mostly in the evening and at the
weekend, and I didnt like this. Before finishing
school I had already had a work experience
with children: I worked for three months as
an au pair in Edinburgh. There I looked after
Grammar key
the three small children of a Scottish family.

Then, last year they offered me a post in a day
nursery last year and I accepted immediately. I
like the work/job a lot: I look after children of
three years old/three-year-old children. I have
worked/have been working there for eleven
months. By next month I will have completed
my year of trial. I really hope they will give me
a permanent job.
3 1A: The pizzeria is closed. What about eating
at home tonight? B: Good idea. Ill cook

something. 2A: What are you writing? B: Im
answering Enrico. Ive just received an email
from him. 3I had been sleeping for two hours
when Helen returned home and woke me.
4Yesterday, while I was going to work,
I met an old friend. I hadnt seen him for years.
5This film is boring. Im going to fall asleep.
6I didnt expect Peter to be home already.
I believe he must have taken a taxi. 7By the
end of the course you will have learnt to cook a
few simple dishes. 8A: Tomorrow evening we
are going to eat at the Gambero doro. B: If I
were you I would book a table. That restaurant
is always very crowded. 9I have been studying
all afternoon. Ill stop now. 10The sun was
shining. While I was working in the garden,
suddenly the wind got up.
4 1Era lultimo giorno di scuola e i bambini
erano felici. 2Furono i primi uomini a

raggiungere la vetta del Monte Everest.
3Scusa, non ho capito. Che cosa hai detto?
4Se solo avessi una casa grande! 5I dinosauri
scomparvero circa 65 milioni di anni fa.
6Tom abitava a Londra da bambino ma non
gli piaceva. 7Era una giornata caldissima.
Quando Spencer arriv a casa, fece una doccia
fredda.
6 Dovere
1 1mancanza di necessit - You dont have to
pay a deposit. You can pay before you leave

the hotel if you prefer. 2obbligo imposto da
altri - The director says you have to complete
this form, Mrs Rossi. 3obbligo imposto da
chi parla a qualcun altro - You must finish the
report immediately, Bianchi. I need it for the
meeting at four. 4proibizione - You mustnt

look at your notes during the test.
2 1The children shouldnt play ball in the street.
Its dangerous. 2A: Where shall I put this

parcel? B: I dont know. You should ask Laura.
3The test was easy. The students shouldnt
have had any difficulty. 5The restaurant is
full. You should have booked a table.
7 Potere
1 1possibilit al passato - Thanks to his
parents help, Andrea was able to buy a house.

2richiesta formale - Excuse me, could/may
I ask you some/a few questions? 3permesso
- Only the members of the club are allowed
to use the gym. 4evento ritenuto possible Be careful. The pavement might be slippery.
5evento ritenuto impossibile nel passato - Julia
cant have phoned. There arent any calls on the
answering machine. 6mancanza di permesso
- This was/used to be a pedestrian road. Cars
werent allowed to drive through.
2 1Can I use your calculator, Barbara? 2If you
take this road you will be able to arrive in the

centre very quickly. 3There may be a lot of
traffic. Its better to leave early. 4Excuse me,
would you lend me your phone for an urgent
call? 5By now the bank robbers could have
left the country. 6Only people over 18 can
order alcoholic drinks.
8 Volere
1 1espressione della propria volont - I wont
come to the cinema with you this evening.

I want to see the match. 2desiderio
irrealizzabile - What a splendid view. I wish
I had my camera. 3desiderio che qualcuno
smetta di fare qualcosa - I wish my neighbours
wouldnt make all that noise. 4rammarico
per il passato - Im very tired. I wish I had
gone to bed early last night. 5chi parla si
offre di fare qualcosa - Shall I phone the office
and say you are ill? 6chi parla si offre di fare
qualcosa - Would you like me to send you an
email with all the details? 7Chi parla invita a
57
Grammar key
7esprime accordo negativo - A: I didnt

understand the explanation. B: Neither did I.
possible anche: A: I havent understood the
explanation. B: Neither have I. 8alquanto
- The rent is quite high but the house is
fantastic.
fare qualcosa - Would you like to come to my

party?
2 1Ive decided: I want to stop smoking. 2Id
like some ham on my pizza, please. 3I dont

like living in a small town. I wish I lived in the
city. 4I dont feel well. I wish I hadnt eaten
all that ice-cream. 5Do you want me to help
you carry the suitcases? 6Would you like
some milk in your tea, Mrs Scott? 7Shall I
book you a table for tonight?
11 Suggerimenti vari
1 1Having said goodbye to my friends, I went
home. 2Sonia searched in her bag and,

having found her mobile phone/cell phone,
she answered the call. 3Having passed the
exam, we went/left on holiday.
9 Verbi impersonali
1 1It seems as if winter has arrived. 2You
must train more if you want to improve/

better your game. 3The house seems as
if its abandoned./The house seems to be
abandoned. 4You can download this video
from the Internet. 5People say that this vase
is very old. 6One must recognise ones errors.
2 1 the missing tourists are dead. 2 is
grown in tropical countries./ grow coffee

in tropical countries. 3 to be an excellent
teacher./ knows that Jeremy is an excellent
teacher. 4 to date back to the 15th
century./ is thought that the painting dates
back to the 15th century. 5 cant take/
transport bicycles on this train./ cant be
taken/transported on this train. 6 will
only be read in their electronic version./
will read many books only in their electronic
version. 7 was fought here./ a famous
battle here.
2 1rimanere - Stay hidden here until you hear
my call. 2abitare - Ive moved house. Now

I live near the station. 3adolescenti maschi
e femmine - In my town/city a lot of young
people dont go to school on Saturday.
Esercizi sommativi (6-11)

1 1At the school entrance
A: Youre late. The teacher is already in the
10 Abbastanza, ancra, neanche

1 1a sufficienza - Weve got enough time for
a coffee before going/we go to the station.

2azione che continua - George is still in the
office; hell be home after six. 3significa di
pi - Ive almost finished. Give me some more
time. 4accompagna un comparativo - Your
computer is even faster than mine. 5significa
di nuovo - Grandma, tell me the story of
Cinderella again. 6rafforza una negazione
- Susan hasnt eaten anything/has eaten
nothing, she hasnt even drunk a glass of water.
58
classroom. B: I wasnt able to/couldnt come by

scooter because it was pouring (with rain) and
I had to wait for the bus. A: You should have
sent me a text message. I would have picked
you up. I came by car. B: By car? You havent
even got a driving licence! A: Yes, I have. I
passed the test yesterday and now I can drive.
2At home
A: I see you still havent finished your
homework. B: No, I havent. Im still writing
the translation from German. Its quite
difficult. A: Can/Shall I help you? B: I didnt
know you spoke German. A: I can speak well
enough to have a simple conversation.
3In the office
A: The photocopier is broken. B: Again? Its
the third time this week. A: Its too old. We
need to buy a new one. B. You can also find
some good second hand photocopiers.
4In the kitchen
A: I wanted to make gnocchi but there
arent enough potatoes. B: Shall I go to the
supermarket? A: No, it doesnt matter. Ill
cook something else. B: When we live in the
Grammar key
country we wont have to buy all our vegetables

at the supermarket. We will be able to have our
own vegetable garden.
5At the restaurant
A: Here are your steaks. B: Thanks. Could you
bring us some more bread, please? A: Certainly.
Do you also want some mineral water? B: No,
thanks. Weve got enough.
2 1They can be ordered on our website./
You can order them on our website. 2Our

catalogue can be consulted on-line./Readers
can consult our catalogue on-line. 3Payment
can be made by credit card./You can make
payment by credit card.
3 Having turned on the computer, Detective
Smith typed in the password. He was

investigating the case of a man found dead in
the park. The man didnt have any documents
on him, and in the town no-one had reported
a missing person/no missing person had been
reported. Smith hoped he could find/to be
able to find a photo of the man in the police
archives but after looking at a lot of photos
carefully he gave up. It seemed as if the man
was/The man seemed to be unknown to the
police. He cant be a local resident, thought
Smith, because no-one in the area knows him.
He must be a stranger. The only clue was a
piece of paper the man had in his pocket, a
receipt from the Space Caf. Do you know the
Space Caf? Smith asked Constable Perkins.
Of course, said Perkins. Its near here, on
the corner of Bromley Road and Grove Street.
Shall I take you there? No, youd better/its
better if you stay here in the office. Ill go there
alone. Then, having put on his jacket, Smith
went out.
4 Cosa vedere
Il centro storico la zona pi attraente della
citt. La maggior parte dei turisti inizia la visita

dalla Cattedrale di Santa Maria, nella cui cripta
si pu vedere la famosa Bibbia medioevale.
La chiesa aperta dalle 9 di mattina alle 5 di
pomeriggio ma non la si pu visitare durante le
funzioni religiose.
Mangiare
La nostra citt non sar la capitale
gastronomica del paese ma offre unampia
scelta di locali in grado di soddisfare quasi ogni

gusto. A pranzo molti ristoranti servono un
men fisso a un prezzo che circa la met di
quello della cena. Se preferite uno spuntino
veloce, troverete molti bar e caff che vendono
un buon assortimento di panini. Per la cena,
alcuni ristoranti etnici offrono il miglior
rapporto qualit-prezzo.
Dove dormire/soggiornare
Il centro della citt ha un gran numero di
alberghi confortevoli e se ne possono trovare
altri nelle zone intorno alle uscite autostradali.
Se arrivate destate o a Pasqua consigliabile
prenotare il soggiorno con molto anticipo.
Esercizi finali
1 1Another bus will arrive soon. 2Are you
going to watch the match with your friends?

3Many helped/have helped to organise the
party. 4A long war started that year.
2 1A long fascinating story 2A 300-page
American novel/An American novel of 300

pages. 3Foreign football players
4A mysterious night encounter
3 1At first the product was welcomed by the
market, especially the younger sector. Later,

however, it proved to be a flop. 2The team
still have some problems. For example they
dont have a good centre-half and the defence
lacks cohesion.
4 1The teacher asked me to cancel clean the
blackboard 2My uncle teaches economy

economics at university. 3Susan plays the
battery drums in a rock band. 4I was born in
a small country town in the province of Salerno.
5 The managers of Realtunes are meeting
tomorrow to discuss the latest sales figures. In

the period from January to June the sales of the
TX 3, the portable music player manufactured
by Realtunes, have fallen by 12% compared to
the same period last year.
Some say the decline is due to the economic
crisis but others point out that, even before
the crisis, the new models launched by the
competitors had already eroded the market
share of the TX 3.
59
Grammar key
This is not the only problem for Realtunes

in this moment. The company should have
launched the new TX 5 player in October but
it is said that because of technical problems its
presentation will be postponed.
According to a press release from Realtunes,
the TX 5 should revolutionize the portable
music player market.
Besides listening to music files, with the TX 5

you will be able to look at photos and videos.
It will have a 5-inch screen and its price will
be low enough to compete with normal MP3
music players.
exam booster exercises for pet and fce

PET - Comparisons
1 1as difficult 2as often as 3as expensive as

4as bad as 5as long as 6as carefully as

1weaker than 2more fattening than
3hotter 4better 5more gracefully than
6bigger than
1has landed 2havent said 3havent

performed together 4havent eaten 5havent
reached 6havent been anywhere
3 1hasnt started yet 2been any phone
3missing people yet 4the book yet 5ready

yet 6his bath yet
4 1I havent seen her 2havent walked
PET - Quantifiers
1 1isnt big enough 2early enough 3arent
tall enough 4wasnt low enough 5fast

enough 6wasnt warm enough
1are too young 2is too small 3is too cold
4is too easy 5too late 6speaking too quietly
PET - Conditionals
1 1they register 2he gets up 3you type in

4you book a 5I go to 6I listen carefully

1dont pay 2are not accompanied 3doesnt rain
4isnt absolutely 5dont have 6doesnt have
2 1she is 2I get 3you stop eating 4they can

cooperate 5the rain stops 6we solve our

1dont follow 2dont ask 3arent faulty
4cant speak 5arent very quick 6dont put the
PET - The Past

1 1the team won 2there was 3astronomers saw
4came out of 5felt so happy 6she was ill
2 1have visited 2has been shown 3ve seen
you 4has hosted 5has invited someone/

anybody 6have been some/any
60
3havent been 4hasnt smoked 5hasnt

been 6hasnt phoned me
1had a party 2ate (something) 3won the
World Cup 4was a strike 5danced together
6spoke
PET - The Passive

1 1are made by 2are written by 3is not
served 4are not checked 5can be developed

6must be left
1takes the children 2checks her temperature
3make these cars 4reads his books 5feed
the dog 6remove the batteries
2 1was discovered by 2were sung by 3was
not appreciated 4were not known 5could

be seen 6not be reached
1built these tombs 2did not encourage
3discovered the truth 4did not allow 5had
to write 6could not hear
PET - Reported Speech

1 1had gone to 2I lived 3the children were
4was ready 5languages I spoke 6he could

play
Grammar key
1came for you 2Where are 3You can leave

4Would you like 5are you crying 6There
was
2 1to show them 2not to go 3not to start

4to stop for 5to be punctual 6to get his

1Wait outside 2you give us 3Dont tell
anyone 4you move on 5Bring me the
6you spell
FCE Sample paper - Use of English

Part 2

1whose 2by 3been 4few 5not 6for

7given 8who 9more/also/quite 10from
11every 12has
FCE - Comparisons
1 1wasnt high as 2arent as expensive as
3isnt as good as 4as expensive to send them

5as interesting as 6dont fly as high as
1later than 2was more worrying than
3more strictly than 4farther/further than
5more aggressive than 6more difficult
2 1so big that you cant 2so scarred that it
FCE - Conditionals
1 1if you dont stop eating 2if you touch 3if
you dont give me 4if you are 5if you dont

keep your 6if you drive
2 1she had brought 2Chris hadnt met them
3I hadnt had 4the building had collapsed

5we hadnt come early
3 1wishes she could be 2wish my car wasnt/
werent 3wishes he had got 4wish they

didnt live 5wish I didnt have 6wishes you
didnt miss
4 1wish I hadnt wasted 2wish you had come
home 3wishes he had been able 4wish she

hadnt decided 5wishes she had consulted
6wish you hadnt taken
2 1not as many people 2as much attention as
3as many cars as 4as much money as 5get

as much support 6as many goods as
1will be more people 2more enthusiasm
than 3has got more responsibility than
4more people than 5more difficulties than
6more popularity here than
FCE - The Past

1 1hasnt written for 2hasnt been an accident
3 1complained as much 2snow as much
as 3cost as much as 4apply as much as

5argue as much as 6spend as much as
4 1less education than 2fewer passengers than
3less sleep than 4fewer earthquakes than

5less energy than 6more customers in the
evenings
FCE - Quantifiers
1 1too young to be 2too cold for us to 3too
complicated for the children 4too careless to

pass 5too dark for them to 6too big for us to
1it spread/had spread so 2hadnt behaved so
3it was so 4hadnt been so 5my arguments
were so 6hadnt been so
was 3is so noisy that 4is so busy that

5was so confident that 6the region was so
mountainous
1so many clothes in 2so much interest
in the 3so many bends (that) 4so many
mysteries (that) 5so many clouds 6so
much pollution
3havent had a rest for 4havent tidied

your room for 5havent heard from her for
6havent been allowed to swim
1since I had 2since the patient had 3since
whales swam 4since prices increased 5since
there was 6since he was able to
2 1was Lucys first appearance 2was their first
meeting 3was Harris first defeat 4was the

first time 5was Georges first election 6was
the first outbreak
1had occupied that position before
2translated Shakespeare into Japanese before
3encountered that civilisation before 4hadnt
swum in the sea 5had attended university
6hadnt arrested anyone
3 1has been deteriorating for 2has been living
here since 3has been getting warmer for
61
Grammar key
4has been sleeping since 5have been playing

golf since 6has been driving a bus
1began to study/studying the stars 2started
to act/acting professionally at 3moved into
this flat 4started to learn/learning Chinese
in 5became a teacher in 6began to
manufacturing bicycles in
FCE - The Passive
FCE - Reported Speech

1 1(that) the manager would be 2why he was
2 1not to assume I had 2to explain the rules
1 1is being imitated by 2were decorated by
3my name was not included 4were being

investigated by 5hasnt been made by 6had
just been closed down
1is (currently) exhibiting 2murdered
Gandhi 3was taking care of the 4have
never interviewed the actress 5had just
launched the ship 6did not accept women
2 1will be illustrated 2would be jailed
62
3wouldnt have been rejected 4are not

supposed to bring 5can be dowloaded by
members 6must have been opened
1are not going to call 2wouldnt mention
the town 3would have abandoned 4can
get a free map 5should have told 6might
have prevented
wearing 3told Emma he had given 4where

they could put their 5I wouldnt need an
umbrella 6I was staying for lunch
1have just arrived 2will my car be 3cant
find you a flight 4long is the journey 5was
counting the money 6there any letters for me
3denied knowing anything about 4invited

Noreen to have lunch 5apologized for
scratching 6forbade him to read
1I borrow your car 2Give us a call 3Dont
phone me 4dont we go by bicycle 5Dont
forget to send 6Dont accept the invitation
FCE Sample paper - Use of English

Part 3

1as many forest fires 2so controversial that

it had 3if they had set off 4wish I hadnt
thrown away 5hasnt come here for 6began
working on the sculpture 7ruled by the
prince during 8have to connect the modem

Grammar Key B1

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Angela Gallagher

knives lives tomatoes potatoes

people teeth feet children

3b) - shelves - scaffali 4a) - secretaries segretarie 5b) - beaches - spiagge

4 sunglasses shoes two T-shirts two dresses

two scarves my photos my keys two

6leaves 7women 8keys 9stories

2 Subject and object pronouns

4egli, lui / he 5noi / we 6ella, lei / she

2 1she 2you 3it 4they 5we

2 1re 2s 3s 4Is 5s 6s 7are

3 1Is he from Warsaw? Yes, he is. 2Is his

English good? No, it isnt. 3Are his parents

7isnt 8arent 9isnt

car 3spacious vehicle 4leather seats

isnt a new project. 4Are you happy?

3Its a quiet town with long sandy beaches.

4 1Is the new restaurant good?(A) 2Are

your neighbours nice?(B) 3Is the course

3 1them 2him 3her 4us 5me

4 1It 2her 3They 4them 5He 6him

7She 8We 9us

5 1They; them 2me 3She; her 4us; it

2 1is a doctor 2is late 3is cold 4is afraid

3 1How old is she? 2Shes twenty-two/22.

3shes always in a hurry 4Are you hungry?

2A: How old are Beth and Judy?

B: Theyre twenty(years old). 3Peters

2Whose are the black gloves?(D) 3Why

2 1Why 2Who 3When 4Whose

5How 6What 7Where 8What

3 1Whats 2Why are 3Wheres 4When

school? 3Whens the party? 4Whose is

2 1Have your parents got mobile phones?

2Have your parents got a car? 3Have your

3 1it has 2s got 3s got 4Has the

Miramare Village got a hotel? 5it hasnt

9 Possessive adjectives and

3 1hers 2theirs 3our 4ours 5theirs

7 Demonstrative adjectives and

5 1that 2that 3that 4this 5this

8 Verb have got

5havent got 6s got 7havent got 8ve

4 1Quella macchina non la nostra. La

nostra macchina laggi. 2A: Queste pizze

10 Genitive s and s(genitivo

4is her brothers 5is her cousins 6is

2 1Carls 2Anns and Carls 3Carls

4Helen and Jamess 5Jamess 6Helens

3 1Julies telephone number 2the telephone

number of the restaurant 3the king of

the mens changing room? 3Sues and

wear 5Wear 6Switch off

wear 5Eat 6Dont be

go; Lets stay 4Lets not do 5Lets book

forget 5Remember 6put

7He 8He 9she 10she 11They

2 1is 2re/are 3Are 4arent/are not

5Are 6s/is 7are 8Are 9are 10re/

3 1life is great 2of nice people 3the bad

things 4a balanced person 5the good

4 Davesprofession: songwriter 1his 2His

5 1Whats Steves surname? 2corretta

3corretta 4That mans face is very

2 Subject and object pronouns

9 Possessive adjectives and

7 Demonstrative adjectives and

8 Verb have got

10 Genitive s and s(genitivo

14 Definite article; zero article(1)

17 Nouns with a plural verb;

19 Reflexive pronouns; each other/

20 Non-reflexive verbs; get +