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(explained later) for the various functionsfor example, for the bus interfacing,
encrypting, deciphering, discrete cosine transformation and inverse transformation,
TCP/IP protocol stacking and network connecting functions. [ASSPs and IPs may also have
to be appropriately configured by the system software before being integrated into the
system-bus.]
3. Sophisticated Embedded Systems: Sophisticated embedded systems have
enormous hardware and software complexities and may need scalable processors or
configurable processors and programmable logic arrays. They are used for cutting edge
applications that need hardware and software co-design and integration in the final
system; however, they are constrained by the processing speeds available in their
hardware units. Certain software functions such as encryption and deciphering
algorithms, discrete cosine transformation and inverse transformation algorithms, TCP/IP
protocol stacking and network driver functions are implemented in the hardware to obtain
additional speeds by saving time. Some of the functions of the hardware resources in the
system are also implemented by the software. Development tools for these systems may
not be readily available at a reasonable cost or may not be available at all. In some cases,
a compiler or retargetable compiler might have to be developed for these. A retargetable
compiler is one that configures according to the given target configuration in a system.
Embedded systems have very diversified applications. A few select application areas of
embedded
systems are Telecom, Smart Cards, Missiles and Satellites, Computer Networking, Digital
Consumer
Electronics, and Automotive. Figure below shows the applications of embedded systems
in these areas.
A few
Embedded sophisticated system for space lifeboat (NASAs X-38 project) under
development.
It is for a rescue lifeboat that will be used in the future with the ISS (International
Space
Station). In an emergency, it will bring the astronauts and crewmembers back to
the Earth from
the ISS. With a press of a button this lifeboat will detach from ISS and travel back to
Earth
resisting all the climatic/atmospheric conditions and meeting exact timing
constraints. This will
also be a fault tolerant system.