Nitrogen Flow Calc Manual

Nitrogen
A World of Protection
4801 Southwick Drive
Third Floor
Matteson, IL 60443
Telephone: 708/748-1503
Fax: 708/748-2847
email: info@chemetron.com
Issued November 1, 2003
S/N 30000063
Contents
LIST OF TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
FOREWORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
GENERAL
1.1
1.2
1.3
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2
3
4
4
4
4
Design Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Release Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temperature Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical Clearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pressure Relief Venting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SYSTEM DESIGN
11/1/2003
Physical Properties of Nitrogen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Evaluation of Cylinder Storage Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Inerting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Extinguishing Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Design Concentrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Design Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Design Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Nozzles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Flow Splits at All Tees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Extinguishing Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
NITROGEN SYSTEM DESIGN

4.1
4.2
ISSUED:
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Use and Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Fire Extinguishment Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
DESIGN GUIDELINES
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10
15
Flow Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
System Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page i
HYDRAULIC FLOW CALCULATION PROGRAM
16
5.1
5.1.1
5.1.2
5.1.3
5.1.4
5.1.5
5.1.6
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
17
18
20
23
28
38
40
40
40
42
42
Commands Available . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
System Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hazard Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Piping Model Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Calculate and Display Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Print Data and Results or Print Output Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Clear All Current Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
File Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Minimum/Maximum Flow Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Check Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
APPENDIX
43
A-1
A-2
A-3
A-4
A-5
43
47
56
65
74
Nitrogen Calculation Worksheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nitrogen Calculation Example #1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dimensions of Welded and Seamless Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE NUMBER
3.1
3.4A
3.4B
3.6.1
3.7.6
3.7.7
3.7.8
A-5
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
DESCRIPTION OF TABLE
PAGE NO.
Physical Properties of Nitrogen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Total Flooding Quantities, Volume Requirements of Nitrogen, Kg/M3 . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Total Flooding Quantities, Volume Requirements of Nitrogen, Kg/Ft3 . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Atmospheric Correction Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Cylinder Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Cylinder/Volume Ratio - Class A & Class C Fires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Cylinder/Volume Ratio - Class B Fires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Nominal Wall Thickness and Inside Diameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page ii
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
FIGURE NUMBER
3.8.1
3.8.3
5.0
5.1
5.1.1
5.1.1.4.B1
5.1.1.4.B2
5.1.2.1
5.1.2.3
5.1.3
5.1.3.2.D
5.1.3.2.G
5.1.3.2.I
5.1.4.1
5.1.4.2
5.1.4.3
5.1.4.3.C
5.1.4.4
5.1.5
5.1.5.4
5.3.3
A-2.1
A-2.2
A-2.3
A-2.4
A-2.5
A-2.6
A-2.7
A-2.8
A-3.1
A-3.2
A-3.3
A-3.4
A-3.5
A-3.6
A-3.7
A-3.8
A-4.1
A-4.2
A-4.3
A-4.4
A-4.5
A-4.6
A-4.7
A-4.8
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATION
PAGE NO.
360 Nozzle Determination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nozzle Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Software Introductory Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Commands Available Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
System Information Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cylinder Selection Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cylinder Detail Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hazard Data Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Area Nozzle List Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Piping Model Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Piping Model with Restrictor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Piping Data - Type of Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Piping Data, Fittings - Tees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Calculation Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nozzle Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hazard Concentration Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Venting Requirement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Error Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Print Data and Results or Print Output Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Print Font Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Volume/Weight/Oxygen Concentration Calculator Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Isometric Drawing for the system flow calculation example #1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Example Calc - System Information Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Example Calc - Hazard Information Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Example Calc - Piping Model Data Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Example Calc - Calculate and Display Results Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Example Calc - Nozzle Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Example Calc - Hazard Concentration Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Example Calc - Venting Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
REVISED:
N/A
13
14
16
17
18
20
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
29
30
31
32
35
39
40
41
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
S/N 30000063
Page iii
REVISION SHEET
Date of issue for original and revised pages is:
Original . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . November 1, 2003
Section Number
Page Numbers
Revision Date
Title Page (blank) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i - ii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
List of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
List of Illustrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Section 1.0 - 1.3.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Section 2.0 - 2.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Section 3.0 - 3.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Section 4.0 - 4.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Section 5.0 - 5.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 - 42 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Appendix A-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 - 46 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Appendix A-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 - 55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Appendix A-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 - 64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Appendix A-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 - 73 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Appendix A-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
S/N 30000063
Page iv
Foreword
Chemetron Fire Systems reserves the right to revise and improve its products as it deems necessary without
notification. This publication is intended to describe the state of this product at the time of its publication, and
may not reflect the product at all times in the future. The software screen prints depicted in this manual are
presented for reference purposes only and may not reflect the most current version of the Nitrogen Flow Calculation Software.
This technical manual provides the necessary information for designing and performing flow calculations for
a Chemetron Nitrogen Engineered System.
This publication, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form, by any method, for any purpose, without
the express written consent of Chemetron Fire Systems.
Any questions concerning the information presented in this manual should be addressed to the Matteson Office.
Copyright 2003 Chemetron Fire Systems. All Rights Reserved.
Chemetron Fire Systems and Cardox are registered trademarks of Chemetron Fire Systems.
A World of Protection
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
4801 Southwick Drive, 3rd Floor

Matteson, IL 60443
Phone 708/748-1503 Fax 708/748-2847
Customer Service Fax 708/748-2908
email: info@chemetron.com
Web site: www.chemetron.com
S/N 30000063
Page v
GENERAL
1.1
Introduction
The interest in inert gas blends continues to increase due to the phase out of Halon systems in
accordance with the Montreal Protocol and the growing interest in meeting the intent of the Kyoto
Protocol.
Chemetron's Nitrogen fire extinguishing system utilizes pure Nitrogen. Nitrogen is a naturally occurring
substance and is present in the atmosphere, and as such, it has no ozone depletion potential and no
direct global warming risk.
There are no toxicological factors associated with the use of Nitrogen and it will not decompose or
produce any byproducts when exposed to a flame from a fire condition. However, heat and byproducts
of the fire itself can still be substantial and could make the area untenable for human occupancy until
the enclosure has been properly vented.
Nitrogen is stored in high-pressure cylinders at a nominal pressure of 2900 psi (200 bar) at 70F
(21.1C). Safety and exposure guidelines, including concentration levels, as established by NFPA 2001,
Standard for Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems, should be followed.
1.2
Use and Limitations

Nitrogen fire extinguishing systems are primarily used as total flooding systems for protection of selfenclosed equipment or enclosed hazards to contain the extinguishant.
1.2.1
Use
Nitrogen systems operate safely in temperatures from -20F to 130F (-29C to +54C). Nitrogen will
not cause fogging during a discharge, a condition caused by the super-cooling of the water content
in the air. The density of Nitrogen in air is similar to that of atmospheric air, which greatly improves
the holding time after a release compared with other heavier/lighter agents.
Nitrogen is electrically nonconductive and therefore suitable for use to extinguish fires in electric and
electronic equipment, such as that found at electronic data processing and telecommunication facilities.
Nitrogen is also useful for extinguishing fires:
Involving flammable and combustible liquids and gases
In subfloors and other concealed spaces
In tape file storage areas
Involving delicate artifacts and high-value assets
In places where other extinguishing media could be directly destructive.
Deep-seated fires in solid material require that the Nitrogen atmosphere be maintained for an extended
period of time (holding time) to achieve total extinguishment.
Nitrogen does not leave any hazardous substances after a release. Since cleanup after a fire will only
involve items damaged in the fire, downtime and secondary damage can therefore be kept to a
minimum.
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 1

1.2.2
Use Limitations
Nitrogen should not be used to extinguish fires involving
Chemicals containing their own supply of oxygen and which are capable of rapid oxidation in the
absence of air, such as cellulose nitrate, gunpowder, etc.
Mixtures containing oxidizing materials, such as sodium chlorate or sodium nitrate.
Chemicals capable of undergoing autothermal decomposition, such as some organic peroxides
and hydrazine.
Reactive metals, such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, titanium, zirconium, and lithium.
Reactive hydrides, or metal amides, some of which may react violently with gaseous extinguishants.
1.3
Fire Extinguishment Methods

Nitrogen systems extinguish fires by the following methods:
1.3.1
Total Flooding
Release of Nitrogen into an enclosure (total flooding) means that an inert atmosphere is created within
the entire room volume.
1.3.2
Selector Valves/Distribution System

If more than one room or hazard in a building is to be protected, a common Nitrogen cylinder bank
may be used. The capacity of the cylinder bank must be calculated for protection of the largest room/
hazard and/or adjoining rooms/hazards that may be involved in a fire simultaneously. In most cases,
Nitrogen selector valve systems reduce the cost as compared to individual systems protecting the same
hazards.
1.3.3
Modular System
In limited space areas where the authority having jurisdiction will allow for a modular system, cylinders
located singly or in multiple units within the room may be used. The total quantity of stored agent, the
number of nozzles etc., shall be that as required for a central bank system. Cylinders shall be connected
either electrically or pneumatically, allowing for simultaneous discharge. Each individual unit shall be
treated as a separate system.
DESIGN GUIDELINES
Design Guidelines for Nitrogen systems are as established in NFPA 2001, Standard for Clean Agent
Fire Extinguishing Systems. Nitrogen has been designated IG-100 in NFPA 2001.
2.1
Design Standards
An Nitrogen system shall always be designed in accordance with the latest version of applicable design
standards, taking into consideration requirements specified by local authorities having jurisdiction.
NFPA 2001, Standard for Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems
Marine Applications:
Safety Of Life At Sea. Solas, Consolidated Edition
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 2

2.2
Personal Safety
CAUTION
WHEN EXTINGUISHING A FIRE USING NITROGEN, THE OXYGEN LEVEL IN THE PROTECTED ROOM IS REDUCED
TO A LEVEL THAT WILL NOT SUSTAIN COMBUSTION. THIS COULD CREATE AN IMMINENT RISK TO PERSONNEL
OCCUPYING THE ENCLOSURE IF THE RESIDUAL OXYGEN LEVEL BECOMES LESS THAN THAT WHICH CAN SUPPORT
LIFE. PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION FROM THE FIRE MUST ALSO BE CONSIDERED A HAZARD.
Suitable safeguards shall always be provided to ensure prompt evacuation from and prevent entry
into a hazardous atmosphere, and include a safe means for prompt rescue of any trapped personnel.
Safety items such as personnel training, warning signs, discharge alarms, selfcontained breathing
apparatus, evacuation plans and fire drills shall be considered and implemented as required.
CAUTION
PERSONNEL SHOULD BE ACQUAINTED WITH THE FACT THAT NITROGEN PRESENTS A NOISE HAZARD DURING
DISCHARGE AND MAY RESULT IN DAMAGE TO HEARING IF PERSONNEL ARE PRESENT WITHOUT PROTECTION
DURING DISCHARGE.
Consideration shall be given to the possibility of migration of Nitrogen to adjacent areas outside of
the protected space (pressure relief vent openings, etc.).
Nitrogen systems may be designed for a residual oxygen level of 12% or higher (sea level equivalent)
if personnel can vacate the area within five minutes (exposure time of 5 minutes or less), but may be
designed to have a residual oxygen level of 10% to 12% (sea level equivalent) if personnel can vacate
the area within 3 minutes (exposure limited to 3 minutes or less).
WARNING
NITROGEN SYSTEMS DESIGNED TO REDUCE OXYGEN LEVELS TO BELOW 12% SHOULD ONLY BE PROVIDED IN
NORMALLY UNOCCUPIED AREAS.
Should the possibility exist for the oxygen level to drop below 10%, personnel must be evacuated prior
to such oxygen depletion. A design concentration resulting in an oxygen level of less than 10% may
only be used in normally unoccupied areas, and only if the personnel who could possibly be exposed
can vacate the area within 30 seconds.
However, in all situations it is necessary that personnel evacuate the hazard prior to system discharge.
Hence the need to include both predischarge alarms and time delays into all system designs.
Nitrogen systems designed to concentrations below 42.5% (corresponding to an oxygen concentration of 12% or higher, sea level equivalent of oxygen) shall be permitted, given the following:
1. The space is normally occupied.
2. Means are provided to limit exposure to no longer than 5 minutes.
Systems designed to concentrations between 42.5 and 52% (corresponding to between 12 and
10% oxygen, sea level equivalent of oxygen) shall be permitted, given the following:
1. The space is normally unoccupied.
2. Means are provided to limit exposure to no longer than 3 minutes.
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 3

Systems designed to concentrations between 52 and 61.7% (corresponding to between 10 and
8% oxygen, sea level equivalent of oxygen) shall be permitted, given the following:
1. The space is normally unoccupied.
2. Where personnel could possibly be exposed, means are provided to limit the exposure to less
than 30 seconds
Systems designed to concentrations above 61.7% (corresponding to 8% oxygen or below, sea
level equivalent of oxygen), shall only be used in unoccupied areas where personnel are not
exposed to such oxygen depletion.
2.3
Release Time
Industrial: NFPA 2001 recommends 95% of the design quantity of Nitrogen be released within
60 seconds.
Marine: Solas recommends 85% of the design quantity of Nitrogen be released within 120 seconds.
Other countries/authorities may have different requirements than those mentioned above.
2.4
Temperature Considerations
During a discharge of the agent only, the temperature within the protected enclosure will drop
approximately 10 - 20F (5 - 10C). After the end of the discharge, the temperature will rise again within
approximately 2 - 3 minutes.
2.5
Electrical Clearance
All system components shall be located to maintain no less than minimum clearance from energized
electrical parts. Should a design insulation level not be available and where nominal voltage is used
for the design criteria, the highest minimum clearance listed for this group shall be used.
The following references shall be considered as the minimum electrical clearance requirements for
the installation of clean agent systems:
ANSI C2, National Electrical Safety Code
NFPA 70, National Electrical Code
29 CFR 1910, Subpart S
NFPA 2001, Standard for Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems
2.6
Pressure Relief Venting

When released, fixed fire extinguishing systems employing compressed gases will create a considerable
volume of gas within the room due to expansion. To compensate for the overpressure, suitable means
of pressure relief venting must be employed. The free area of these openings/vents shall be
appropriately sized to avoid structural damage.
Normal rooms will withstand an increase of pressure of approximately 5 millibars (2 in. H2O). Pressure
relief vents should be located at a high level on the wall or on the ceiling, clear of any direct nozzle
discharge. At the end of the discharge the pressure relief vents shall close in order to maintain the
extinguishing concentration for as long as possible.
The fire rating of all pressure vents should be equal to or greater than the rating of the structure. The
required vent area should always be verified by the use of the system flow calculation program.
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 4
SYSTEM DESIGN
The purpose of this chapter is to provide the minimum design requirements for Nitrogen fire extinguishing systems based upon sound engineering principles, current international standards, test data
and field experiences.
General requirements and design criteria are based on NFPA 2001.
Nothing within this chapter intends to restrict new technologies or findings, providing that the level of
safety prescribed is not reduced. This chapter does not cover general requirements and design criteria
for fire detection and control systems. Reference should be made to local requirements.
3.1
Physical Properties of Nitrogen

Table 3.1 - Physical Properties of Nitrogen
Property
Units
Value
N.A.
28.0
Boiling Point at 760 mm Hg
-195.8
Freezing Point
-209.9
Critical Temperature
Molecular Weight
Gas Density at 70F (21.1C)

Chemical Formula
3.1.1
kg/m
-147.0
3
1.161
N2 (Nitrogen)
100%
Purity of Nitrogen (N2)

Nitrogen:
N2 >_ 99.7%: H2O <_ 10 ppm
NOTE
ONLY PRINCIPAL CONTAMINANTS ARE SHOWN. OTHER MEASUREMENTS MAY INCLUDE: CO; NO; NO2, CO2,
ETC., MOST AT < 20 PPM.
3.2
Evaluation of Cylinder Storage Space

The following items must be considered when evaluating the cylinder storage spaces:
1) A standard Nitrogen system will operate within a temperature range of -20F to 130F (-29 C to
+54C).
2) If closed pipe sections are involved, safety reliefs are required for all closed sections of pipe.
3) Pressure relief venting.
4) Cylinder storage room equipped with proper exhaust ventilation.
5) Cylinder storage space.
6) Allowance for proper access to cylinders during installation and service/maintenance.
7) Floor capable of carrying the load.
8) Wall/structure strong enough for mounting wall brackets supports.
9) Storage room should not be used for other purposes that could result in fire exposure to cylinders.
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 5

3.3
Inerting
Inerting concentrations shall be used where conditions for subsequent reflash or explosion
could exist. These conditions exist when:
1) The quantity of fuel expected to be in the enclosure is sufficient to develop a concentration equal
to or greater than one-half of the lower flammable limit throughout the enclosure, and
2) The volatility of the fuel before the fire is sufficient to reach the lower flammable limit in air (maximum
ambient temperature or fuel temperature exceeds the closed cup flash point temperature), or
3) The system cannot respond quickly enough to detect and extinguish the fire before the volatility
of the fuel is increased to a dangerous level because of the fire.
The minimum design concentration used to inert atmospheres involving flammable liquids and gasses
shall be the normal design value plus an added 10% safety factor.
3.4
Design Concentrations
Class A and Class C. Flammables require a safety factor of 20%. Design concentration 36% (Oxygen
Concentration = 13.38%).
Class B. Flammable liquids require a safety factor of 30% above the design extinguishing concentration. The design concentration for n-Heptane is 37% (Oxygen Concentration = 13.17%). For all other
flammable liquids, the design concentration shall be 30% above the established cup burner value.
3.4.1
Equation Formula for Specific Requirements

A.
X = 2.303 * (VS/s) * Log10(100/(100-C) = VS/s * Ln (100/(100-C))

Where:
X = Volume of agent required per m3 of protected volume to produce the indicated concentration
at temperature specified (M3./M3).
VS = Specific volume of Nitrogen at 70F (21.1C) = 0.86152 m3/kg at 1013 mbar.
C = Design concentration of Nitrogen in the protected area
s
= Specific volume of superheated Nitrogen vapor.

Can be approximated by the formula s = 0.7997 + 0.00293t
= Temperature in the Hazard (C).
For further details regarding specific vapor volumes at various temperatures, refer to NFPA 2001,
Appendix A.
B.
Mx = X/s
Where:
Mx = The mass of Nitrogen/volume of protected area. See Tables 3.4A and 3.4B for Mx (kg/m3
and kg/ft3) values at various temperature and design concentration conditions.
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 6
Table 3.4A - Total Flooding Quantities - Volume Requirements of Nitrogen - Metric - Mx (Kg/M3)
Typical Design Concentration (% by Volume) - From NFPA 2001
Temp
(C)
36
37
38
40
42
46
50
-30
0.758
0.786
0.812
0.868
0.926
1.047
1.178
-25
0.728
0.754
0.780
0.834
0.889
1.005
1.131
-20
0.700
0.725
0.749
0.801
0.854
0.966
1.087
-15
0.673
0.697
0.721
0.770
0.821
0.929
1.045
-10
0.647
0.671
0.694
0.741
0.790
0.894
1.006
-5
0.624
0.646
0.668
0.714
0.761
0.861
0.968
0.601
0.622
0.644
0.688
0.733
0.830
0.933
0.579
0.600
0.621
0.663
0.707
0.800
0.900
10
0.559
0.579
0.599
0.640
0.683
0.727
0.869
15
0.540
0.559
0.578
0.618
0.659
0.745
0.839
20
0.522
0.540
0.559
0.597
0.637
0.720
0.810
25
0.504
0.522
0.540
0.577
0.616
0.696
0.783
30
0.488
0.505
0.522
0.558
0.595
0.673
0.758
35
0.472
0.489
0.506
0.540
0.576
0.652
0.733
40
0.457
0.473
0.490
0.523
0.558
0.631
0.710
45
0.443
0.459
0.474
0.507
0.541
0.611
0.688
50
0.429
0.445
0.460
0.491
0.524
0.593
0.667
55
0.416
0.431
0.446
0.476
0.508
0.575
0.646
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 7
Table 3.4B - Total Flooding Quantities - Volume Requirements of Nitrogen-US Standard-Mx (Kg/Ft3)
Typical Design Concentration (% by Volume) - Based on NFPA 2001
Temp
(F)
36
37
38
40
42
46
50
-20
0.02129
0.02220
0.02280
0.02436
0.02598
0.02939
0.03306
-10
0.02035
0.02107
0.02180
0.02329
0.02484
0.02810
0.03160
0.01947
0.02017
0.02086
0.02229
0.02377
0.02689
0.03024
10
0.01865
0.01932
0.01998
0.02135
0.02277
0.02575
0.02897
20
0.01788
0.01852
0.01915
0.02047
0.02183
0.02469
0.02777
30
0.01716
0.01777
0.01838
0.01964
0.02094
0.02369
0.02665
40
0.01648
0.01706
0.01765
0.01886
0.02011
0.02275
0.02559
50
0.01584
0.01640
0.01696
0.01813
0.01933
0.02187
0.02460
60
0.01523
0.01578
0.01632
0.01744
0.01859
0.02103
0.02366
70
0.01466
0.01518
0.01571
0.01678
0.01790
0.02024
0.02277
80
0.01412
0.01463
0.01513
0.01617
0.01724
0.01950
0.02194
90
0.01361
0.01410
0.01458
0.01582
0.01662
0.01880
0.02114
100
0.01313
0.01360
0.01407
0.01503
0.01603
0.01830
0.02040
110
0.01267
0.01313
0.01358
0.01451
0.01547
0.01750
0.01969
120
0.01224
0.01268
0.01311
0.01401
0.01494
0.01690
0.01901
130
0.01183
0.01225
0.01267
0.01354
0.01444
0.01633
0.01837
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 8

3.5
Design Concentrations
3.5.1
NFPA Design Concentrations
3.5.2
A.
Class A: The minimum design concentration for a Class A surface fire hazard shall be the
extinguishing concentration times a safety factor of 1.2.
B.
Class B: The minimum design concentration for a Class B fuel hazard or an only manually actuated
system shall be the extinguishing concentration times a safety factor of 1.3.
C.
Class C: The minimum design concentration for Class C hazards shall be at least that for a Class
A surface fire.
ISO Design Concentrations

The minimum design concentration for all hazards shall be the extinguishing concentration of the
flammable times a safety factor of 1.3.
3.6
Design Factors
In addition to the concentration requirement, additional Nitrogen may be required due to special
conditions that would affect the extinguishing efficiency, such as unclosable openings and their effect
on distribution and maintaining concentration; reignition from heated surfaces; enclosure geometry;
and obstructions and their effect on distribution.
3.6.1
Effects of Altitude
At elevations above sea level, Nitrogen expands to a greater specific vapor. A system designed for
sea level will develop a greater concentration level at an elevation above sea level. To correct for the
effects of a higher elevation, the quantity of agent used should be reduced. The correction factors are
listed in Table 3.6.1.
Table 3.6.1 - Elevation Correction Factors
Enclosure
Pressure
Altitude
Correction
Factor
Altitude
Enclosure
Pressure
Correction
Factor
Feet
Kilometers
PSIA
cm Hg
Feet
Kilometers
PSIA
cm Hg
-3,000
-0.92
16.25
84.0
1.11
4,000
1.22
12.58
65.0
0.86
-2,000
-0.61
15.71
81.2
1.07
5,000
1.52
12.04
62.2
0.82
-1,000
-0.30
15.23
78.7
1.04
6,000
1.83
11.53
59.6
0.78
14.71
76.0
1.00
7,000
2.13
11.03
57.0
0.75
1,000
0.30
14.18
73.3
0.96
8,000
2.44
10.64
55.0
0.72
2,000
0.61
13.64
70.5
0.93
9,000
2.74
10.22
52.8
0.69
3,000
0.92
13.12
67.8
0.89
10,000
3.05
9.77
50.5
0.66
Note:
ISSUED:
Multiply the correction factor by the sea level design quantity of Nitrogen to obtain the correct
quantity for a given altitude.
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 9

3.7
Design Considerations
3.7.1
Leakage
Not only is it important that the Nitrogen design concentration be achieved within the prescribed
discharge time, but also that the extinguishing concentration is maintained for the specified period
of time to allow effective emergency action by trained personnel. This is equally important in all classes
of fires (A, B, C) since a persistent ignition source (e.g. an arc, heat source, oxyacetylene torch or deepseated fire) can lead to a resurgence of the fire once the Nitrogen has dissipated.
It is necessary to insure that the agent leakage does not occur during discharge and that the required
concentration levels can be maintained for the entire holding period. Guidelines as established by NFPA
2001 should be followed.
3.7.2
Temperature Considerations
During discharge the temperature within the protected enclosure will drop approximately 10 to 20F
(5 to 10C). The temperature will rise again after approximately 2 - 3 minutes.
3.7.3
Flow Calculation
The Chemetron flow calculation program is required to design a Nitrogen system. It is based on the
input of:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
Cylinder storage pressure at 70F (21.1C).

Hazard enclosure temperature (start of pipe).
Hazard enclosure volume(s), raised floor, room & suspended ceiling as applicable.
Specific Nitrogen Quantity (Kg).
Nitrogen design concentration.
Cylinder size (15.9 l, 66.7 l or 80 l).
Number of cylinders.
Discharge time required (normally 60 seconds).
Minimum and maximum temperatures of the hazard.
Number of nozzles selected per hazard.
Piping data, estimated pipe dimensions and pipe schedule.
Maximum pressure the enclosure/building structure can withstand.
The program shall calculate and determine/verify:

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
3.7.4
Orifice diameter for the restrictor(s).

Pipe sizes and required pipe schedule.
Maximum pressure in distribution pipe network.
Orifice diameter for each individual discharge nozzle.
Estimated size of pressure relief vent opening.
Final Nitrogen concentration for each protected hazard.
Actual discharge time (95% of design concentration).
Calculation of Room Volume

The volume to be used in calculating the required amount of Nitrogen shall be the gross enclosure
volume less the volume of any internal building structures, such as columns. The volume shall include
ventilation ducts and other related volumes.
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 10

3.7.5
Quantity of Agent Calculation

The fire extinguishing or inerting concentrations shall be used in determining the Nitrogen design
concentration for a particular flammable. For combinations of flammables, the extinguishing or inerting
value for the flammable requiring the greatest concentration shall be used.
The ambient temperature of the enclosure is necessary to determine the proper amount of Nitrogen
to be delivered to the hazard.
If a common bank of cylinders is used for several hazards/systems, these shall be calculated individually
as if they were single systems. The number of cylinders required for the cylinder bank will be based
on the hazard with the largest demand, or the largest demand required for protecting hazards that may
be on fire simultaneously. The quantity of extinguishant to be stored must, as a minimum, be adequate
to protect the largest hazard, and possibly other hazards if the risk exists of several fires occurring
simultaneously.
It is the project engineer's responsibility that the design concentration is chosen based on the following:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
3.7.6
Integrity of the room, unclosable openings, unstoppable extraction ventilating, etc.

Combustible flammables involved.
Design concentration equal to or higher than required by the most demanding flammable.
Ventilation conditions.
Elevation/altitude.
Escape possibilities.
Personal safety in general.
Cylinder Content
At a filling pressure of 2900 psi (200 bar) at 70F (21.1C), standard cylinders contain the following:
Table 3.7.6 - Cylinder Content
Cylinder Volume Nominal Filling
Liters
2900 psi (200 bar)
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
Gas Used
During Release
Gas Remaining
After Release
15.9
3.5 kg
3.4 kg
0.1 kg
66.7
14.6 kg
14.4 kg
0.2 kg
80.0
17.50 kg
17.3 kg
0.2 kg
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 11

3.7.7
Cylinder/Volume Ratio - Class A & Class C Fires

Based on the cylinder size and pressure, each cylinder can protect the following volume at 70F
(21.1C):
Table 3.7.7 - Cylinder/Volume Ratio Class A & Class C Fires

Nominal Protected Volume - 2900 psi (200 bar)
Cylinder
Volume
Liters
NFPA (20% Safety Factor)

m
ft
ISO (30% Safety Factor)
m3
ft3
15.9
6.56
231.8
5.93
299.3
66.7
27.80
981.7
25.10
886.3
80.0
33.40
1179.4
30.15
1064.8
Values are based on the following equation: Venc = Mgas / Mx

For MGas see Table 3.7.6. For Mx, see Tables 3.4A & B.
3.7.8
Cylinder/Volume Ratio - Class B Fires (n-Heptane)

Based on the cylinder size and pressure, each cylinder can protect the following volume at 70F
(21.1C):
Table 3.7.8 - Cylinder/Volume Ratio Class B Fires (n-Heptane)

Cylinder
Volume
Liters
15.9
66.7
80.0
Nominal Protected
Volume - 2900 psi (200 bar)
NFPA & ISO
(30% Safety Factor)
m3
6.34
26.85
30.15
ft3
223.9
948.2
1,064.8
Values are based on the following equation: Venc = MGas / Mx

For MGas see Table 3.7.6. For Mx, see Tables 3.4A & B.
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 12

3.8
Nozzles
3.8.1
Selecting Number of Nozzles

The nozzles are designed for 360 coverage. The maximum coverage of a single nozzle is 1,254 ft2 (116.5 m2).
The 360 nozzle cannot be mounted in a corner or
against a wall. The maximum nozzle discharge radius
is 25 feet (7.6 M), with the longest side not to exceed
35' 5" (10.8 m). These nozzles should be centered in the
area of protection when multiple nozzles are discharged
into the same hazard.
The height of the room shall range between 1 foot (.3 M)
and 16 feet (4.88 M) from floor to ceiling. The nozzle
should be placed as close or near to the containers as
possible to minimize system piping. The ceiling tiles in
the hazard area must be clipped to hold them in place
during a discharge and prevent damage.
As a general rule, the maximum volume that one nozzle can cover is 5700 cu.ft. (161.6 cu.m.). At the
maximum height of 16 feet (4.88 m) the distance that such a nozzle can cover is reduced to 18.8 ft
(5.7 m).
NOTE
THE MAXIMUM ENCLOSURE HEIGHT THAT MAY BE FLOODED BY A SINGLE TIER OF NOZZLES IS 16 FEET (4.88
M). FOR ENCLOSURES WITH CEILING HEIGHTS ABOVE 16' (4.88 M), NOZZLES SHALL BE PLACED AT MULTIPLE
LEVELS/ELEVATIONS TO A MAXIMUM HEIGHT PER ELEVATION OF 16 FEET (4.88 M).
The number of nozzles, their size and location in the distribution piping network shall be such that the
desired design concentration will be established within the specified discharge time in all parts of the
protected enclosure, and such that the discharge will not unduly splash flammable liquids or create
dust clouds that could extend the fire, create an explosion, harm any personnel occupying the enclosure
or otherwise adversely affect the contents or integrity of the enclosure.
Chemetron supplies nozzles ranging in size from 1/2 to 1-1/2, with orifices from 3 mm to 26 mm.
The quantity of Nitrogen per nozzle will vary based on pressure and orifice size.
In a Nitrogen system, pipe diameters, nozzle sizes, nozzle orifices and restrictor sizes shall always
be verified by a flow calculation.
When determining the number of nozzles to be used in a system, the shape of the enclosure (area
and volume) as well as the shape of any protected voids (raised floor, suspended ceiling) must be
taken into account. Other important considerations include: installed equipment in the enclosure/void
(chimney effect); pressure in the pipe (pipe wall thickness); obstructions that may affect the distribution
of the discharged Nitrogen; and architectural considerations, i.e., a warehouse may allow for the use
of a 1-1/2 nozzle whereas an office environment may require a number of smaller nozzles.
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 13

In hazards with suspended ceilings, room nozzles shall be installed in such a way that the jets from
the nozzles do not damage the ceiling tiles excessively during discharge. For lightweight ceiling tiles,
it is recommended that the tiles be securely anchored around each discharge nozzle. In addition,
consideration shall also be given to having nozzles installed above the ceiling (simultaneous discharge)
in order to equalize the pressure during discharge, thus reducing the risk of unnecessarily damaging
ceiling tiles.
3.8.2
Underfloor Nozzles
The maximum area of coverage for a single nozzle in an underfloor is 35' 5" x 35' 5" (10.8 m x 10.8
m), or 1,254 ft2 (116.5 m2), with the same limitations on height and positioning noted in the preceding
paragraphs. The MINIMUM height of an underfloor that may be protected is 12 inches (30.5 cm).
The coverage possible in an underfloor is dependent upon the density of cables, runways, and other
equipment that might be present in the underfloor space. The maximum figures should be used only
for underfloors that will be relatively open. This requires some judgment on the part of the designer,
but in general, if the horizontal line of sight is more than 70% obstructed in an underfloor, these
maximum figures should be reduced by 50%.
In protected hazards with underfloors that are unprotected and not gas tight, consideration shall be
given to having nozzles installed below the floor (simultaneous discharge) in order to equalize the
pressure and achieve the extinguishing concentration below the floor.
3.8.3
Nozzle Location
The nozzle(s) may be positioned flush with the ceiling or within 21 in. (53 cm) of the ceiling with the
design radius covering the required area.
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 14

3.9
Flow Splits at All Tees

Nitrogen systems do not have to be balanced systems. When using tees in an Nitrogen piping network,
the flow split can be as little as 5% to as much as 95% in any configuration. Tees can be orientated
in any direction or configuration.
3.10
Extinguishing Effect
When Nitrogen is discharged, an inert atmosphere is created in the protected hazard. Within a short
time, the fire will be suffocated as the oxygen content will decrease from the normal 20.9% to 15-10%
(depending on the flammables involved).
For most flammable liquids and solid materials, a 15% oxygen level is the lowest limit at which a fire
can be sustained; however 30% safety factor requirements result in the 12-10% oxygen level. A 10%
oxygen level is the lowest limit acceptable for short-term personnel occupancy in the protected
hazard/room.
NOTE
IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE EXTINGUISHMENT OF SOME MATERIALS, IT IS NECESSARY TO LOWER THE OXYGEN LEVEL
BELOW 10%. THESE SYSTEMS REQUIRE SPECIAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS - REFER TO PARAGRAPH 2.2, PERSONAL
SAFETY.
NITROGEN SYSTEM DESIGN
4.1
Flow Calculation
Pipe and nozzles for Chemetron Nitrogen systems are sized using the Chemetron Fire Systems Nitrogen
Flow Calculation software. The software is based on recognized hydraulic theory and the results of
the program have been verified in rigorous laboratory tests. Calculations made with this software have
been checked by Factory Mutual and UL Canada to assure accuracy and determine its limitations.
The calculations are based on an ambient cylinder temperature of 70F 10F (21.1C 5.5C).
Therefore, the cylinder shall be located in a climate controlled environment to ensure the temperature
is consistently within this range. Calculations performed on systems where the cylinders are not
maintained within this range may not be accurate and the designed quantities of agent may not be
discharged from one or more discharge nozzles.
4.2
System Check
While the basic computer program used for calculating pipe and orifice sizes cannot be checked by
manual means, there is a definite need to check the input information upon which the calculation is
based. Since there may be inadvertent or necessary changes due to on-site job conditions, it is also
essential to check the system as calculated against the system as installed.
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 15
FLOW CALCULATION PROGRAM

The Nitrogen calculation program (Nitrogen FLOW) has been written within the WindowsTM environment.
Installation procedures will be provided with the software. (It is our assumption that the user has a basic
knowledge of this operating system and its operation will not be addressed within this manual.) The
computer program will establish pipe sizes as well as calculate terminal pressures, discharge time, and
nozzle drill sizes. The primary requirement for a proper calculation is to insure that the system is modeled
into the computer program correctly. Therefore, the input parameters may be printed out as well as
the calculation results. This makes it possible to verify the input data against the intended design
parameters and/or the actual installation. It is possible to input either kilograms required for each nozzle
or the existing nozzle drill size (fixed code).
The Nitrogen flow calculation program has been divided into three main areas:
1)
2)
3)
Commands Available
Output
File Utilities.
NOTE
THE CALCULATION INFORMATION CAN BE ENTERED AND DISPLAYED IN US STANDARD OR METRIC UNITS. IT CAN
BE CONVERTED AT ANY TIME UPON COMMAND BY SIMPLY USING THE METRIC CHECK BOX.
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 16

5.1
Commands Available
This area has been subdivided into the following categories:
System Information
Hazard Information
Piping Model data
Calculate and Display Results
Clear All Current Data
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 17

5.1.1
System Information
Within the Systems Information screen there are four submenus:
Project Data
Revision
Configuration Variables
Cylinder Data
5.1.1.1
Project Data
The Project Data section consists of the following data:
ISSUED:
A.
Project Number: Reference number
B.
Project Name: Name of project or end user
C.
Site Location: Installation location
D.
Hazard Name: Name of protected hazard
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 18

IMPORTANT
DO NOT ENTER A COMMA , IN THESE FIELDS AS IT IS AN ILLEGAL CHARACTER.
5.1.1.2
Revision
This data field is used to track versions/changes on a specific data file and/or submittal.
5.1.1.3
Configuration Variables
A.
Report Title: The data entered here will appear in the general heading area on all printouts. The
intended use is to allow Chemetron distributors to incorporate their company name into the printouts.
B.
Altitude: Select a value between -3,000 to 10,000 feet (-914 m to 3,048 m) above sea level. This
has an effect on the quantity of gas required.
C.
Discharge Time: Set to 60 seconds by default. For industrial applications, the discharge time should
be set to 60 seconds; for Marine applications, the discharge time should be set to 120 seconds.
Other countries/authorities having jurisdiction may have different requirements than those stated
above. Discharge time refers to the time required to discharge 95% of the design quantity into the
appropriate area for an industrial application, or the time required to discharge 85% of the design
quantity for marine applications.
5.1.1.4
Cylinder Data
The Cylinder Data section consists of the following data:
A.
Total Number of Cylinders (Main): The number of cylinders required to contain the amount of
Nitrogen required for a discharge. If the Automatic Cylinder Selection option is checked, this value
is assigned automatically by the program. This option is checked by default.
B.
Cylinder Selection: (Figure 5.1.1.4B1) If the automatic cylinder selection option is checked, the
computer automatically picks the fewest possible cylinders of the same capacity. You have the
option of changing both the cylinder type and the cylinder quantity. Per NFPA 2001, when using
inert agents such as Nitrogen, it is acceptable to manifold different sized cylinders together. The
cylinder selection form allows you to do that easily. By depressing the close button in the lower
right corner, the form will close and return you to the System Information screen. After completing
this part, the total number of cylinders is displayed in the cylinder data section, along with the total
amount of Nitrogen that will be supplied. After a cylinder capacity has been selected, depress the
Detail button (Figure 5.1.1.4.B2) to view the parameters for that particular cylinder.
NOTE
THE 30 LITER AND 75 LITER CYLINDERS ARE NOT FM/ULC APPROVED OR LISTED AND ARE NOT RECOGNIZED
BY THESE AGENCIES.
ISSUED:
C.
Pipe Temperature: The initial pipe temperature should be entered here.
D.
Main/Reserve: Adjusts the quantity of equipment for the Bill of Material printout.
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 19
5.1.2
Hazard Information
Within the Hazard Information screen there are three subcategories:
Hazard Data
Area
Area Nozzle List
5.1.2.1
Hazard Data
The first section is used to input the hazard area name(s) for reference, the fire type, concentration and
temperatures. More than one area name may be included; however, each area name must be entered
separately.
ISSUED:
A.
Area Name: Enter the name of the specific area.
B.
Type: By default, this option is set to a Class A type fire.
C.
% (% Concentration): This is the minimum percentage of Nitrogen concentration required for this
specific area. By default this option is set at 36.0%, values lower than 36.0% are not approved.
D.
Min. Temp.: Enter the minimum ambient temperature for the area. By default this value is set at
70F (21.1C). This is the temperature used in determining the amount of Nitrogen required for
the desired concentration.
E.
Max. Temp.: Enter the maximum ambient temperature for the area. By default, this value is set
at 70F (21.1C).
F.
To edit an area after data has been entered, simply click on the areas name. You can identify what
area is being edited at any time by looking at the current area label.
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 20
5.1.2.2
Area
Enter the appropriate values in the length, width and height field and the program will compute the area
volume as well as the minimum quantity of Nitrogen for that area based upon the hazard type, minimum
hazard temperature, and concentration previously entered.
As you will note, the width and height columns are set to a default value of 1. If only the volume of the
area is known, enter it into the length column, and leave the width and height as the default
Mathematically, the value will be identical.
As data is entered, the program updates the total volume and total weight columns automatically. To
add more areas once the dimensions are inputted, simply click the add button.
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 21

5.1.2.3
Area Nozzle List

Each area must have one or more nozzles associated with it. Each nozzle will have a unique ID number.
When automatically assigned, these numbers will be incremental, starting with 301. Chemetron offers
two nozzle styles:
A radial nozzle with NPT pipe threads
A radial nozzle with BSP pipe threads
To add nozzles, you can add the recommended nozzle number generated by the software by simply
pressing the add button, or you can input the nozzle number of your choice. The radial NPT nozzle is
the system default.
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 22

5.1.3
Piping Model Data

The piping information is the heart of the system model. This area is where the pipe data and the agent
mass per nozzle is recorded. Several pieces of data are required and Section 5.1.3.2 provides a brief
description of each of the columns.
5.1.3.1
System Design Considerations for Sectioning of Pipe

The first step is to make an isometric sketch of the system. All rises and drops should be noted, as
well as other known pertinent data such as manifold size and pipe schedule.
A separate pipe section is required for any one of the following conditions:
Change in Pipe Diameter.
Change in Pipe Schedule.
Divisions of Flow (as at a tee).
Rise or drop in elevation greater than 5 feet (1.52 meters).
Before and after the restrictor.
Before and after a selector valve (if applicable)
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 23

A. Terminal Points
1. All terminal points should progress in logical numeric succession. The starting point (point 1)
is located at the bottom of the first cylinder. From here the subsequent points are plotted moving
toward the discharge nozzles.
2. A terminal point is placed upstream of (before) a tee where a division of flow occurs. Where flow
is routed through only one branch of a tee, a terminal number can be omitted if none of the four
conditions mentioned above occurs.
3. A selector valve, if used, should be kept as close to the beginning of a section as possible (within
approximately two feet). A selector valve can begin a section by placing the terminal point at
the valves inlet.
4. A terminal point should be located at the start of a rise or drop of greater than five feet.
5. Number the terminal points consecutively to the end of each distribution section. Do not duplicate
numbers on the same hazard calculation.
6. Multi-hazard systems demand close attention. The hazard requiring the greatest quantity of
Nitrogen should be calculated first, since it will establish the size of the manifold and main
discharge header. These sizes must be used in calculations for the other hazards.
5.1.3.2
Column Headings and Descriptions

A. Nodes: These points identify the section of pipe, nozzle or a cylinder that is being modeled.
B. Start: This indicates the beginning of a pipe, manifold, or cylinder section.
C. End: This indicates the end of the same section.
D. Cylinder Qty: The quantity of cylinders flowing through this specific section of manifold piping. Enter
a quantity of zero (0) to indicate distribution piping. Enter an R to designate a restrictor.
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 24

E. Pipe Len: Length of pipe in feet or meters, as applicable.
F. Elev: Change of elevation within the pipe section, expressed in feet or meters.
1.
2.
3.
G.
A positive number indicates a rise in elevation.

A negative number indicates a drop in elevation.
A zero indicates no change in elevation.
Type: Type of pipe to be installed. There are several types available, accessible through the popdown, for use:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
40T: Schedule 40 pipe with threaded fittings.

40W: Schedule 40 pipe with welded fittings.
XXST: Schedule Extra Extra Strong with threaded fittings.
XXSW: Schedule Extra Extra Strong with welded fittings.
By default, manifolds and restrictors are Schedule 160T. After the restrictor, Schedule 40T pipe
is allowed. When performing the calculation, the program will determine what pipe schedule is
required, based on the maximum pressure downstream of the restrictor.
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 25

H.
Size: Pipe diameter is selected in this column. By accessing the pop-down window, choices from
0 (no fixed pipe size) to 8" are available. If a 0" is selected, the program will calculate the pipe
sizes.
I.
Fitting: 90 & 45 degree elbows and tees for installation.

1.
2.
90's: Number of 90 degree elbows in the pipe section.

When 45 degree elbows are used, they are treated as
an equivalent number of elbows. In this case, 0.5 should
be included for each 45 degree elbow and included in
the 90's field.
Fitting
Equivalent
Number of
Elbows
90 Deg Elbows
1.0
45 Deg Elbows
0.5
Tees: Used when a separation of agent flow is required.

a. None: Choose this option if no tees are in this pipe section.
b. Thru: If the beginning of the pipe section begins with a thru tee choose this option. If the
side branch of a tee is used to provide pressure for tripping a pressure switch or pressure
release, it is treated as an equivalent number of elbows. In this case, 0.6 should be included
in the 90's field.
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 26

c. Side: If the beginning of the pipe section begins with a side tee, choose this option. If one
of the thru branches of a tee is used to provide pressure for tripping a pressure switch or
pressure release, it is treated as an equivalent number of elbows. In this case, 2.0 should
be included in the 90's field.
d. Blow Out: Choose this option if a tee used in the pipe section is part of a blow out, i.e.,
the last nozzle on a branch line.
e. Sel. Valve: This option defines a selector valve in the piping model. Selector valves are
available in 1/2" (15 mm) to 2" (50 mm) sizes. These valves should be located as close
to the manifold as possible.
3.
5.1.3.3
Union: The number of couplings or unions in the pipe section.
J.
Kilograms Req'd: The number of kilograms required to be discharged from this particular nozzle,
when the option Fixed Pounds is selected. If the Fixed Orifice option is selected, the value
in this field will represent the nozzle orifice drill diameter.
K.
Equiv Length: The equivalent length of a cylinder assembly, check valve, or other unique components that may be needed in some systems.
L.
Fixed Weight and Fixed Orifices: It is possible to input either the pounds or kilograms required
for each nozzle or the existing nozzle orifice drill diameter. The program has the flexibility to calculate
an existing system model by allowing the nozzle orifice diameter to be input as data. The
combination of both weight required from one nozzle and the orifice diameter of the second nozzle
is not permitted and cannot be calculated.
1.
Fixed Kgs: This radio button should be on when the values in the Kgs Required column indicate
the quantity of Kgs required to be discharged from a particular nozzle.
2.
Fixed Orifices: This radio button should be on when the values in the Kgs Required column
indicate the actual nozzle drill diameter in mm for a particular nozzle.
Piping Model Features

A.
The software has a Copy and Paste function that can easily be accessed, but the user must adhere
to these steps.
1.
Click the Copy button. Alternatively, you can depress the F9 key.
2.
Select any cell in the row or rows desired to be copied. If multiple rows are desired to be copied
at once, simply click on any cell in the first row to be copied and while continuing to depress
the left mouse button, highlight the remaining rows.
NOTE
ONLY CONSECUTIVE ROWS CAN BE COPIED AT ONCE.
3.
Select a cell in the row where you want to paste the copied rows.
NOTE
THE LINES WILL BE INSERTED STARTING AT THE ROW OF THE CELL THAT IS HIGHLIGHTED.
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 27

4.
Simple press the Paste button. Alternatively, you can depress the F10 key.
NOTE
YOU CAN PASTE THIS INFORMATION AT ANY TIME AND AS MANY TIMES AS NECESSARY WITHOUT RESELECTING
THE ROWS TO BE COPIED.
B.
Using Multiple Selector Valves in Parallel

With Argonite, it is possible to run two selector valves in parallel and have them feed a common
restrictor. This takes some extra steps, because in order for this to work, you have to input the
number of cylinders flowing through each piece of pipe. Reference Example 3 in the Appendix.
5.1.4
Calculate and Display Results

By clicking on the Calculate and Display Results button, the data file will be passed on to the calculation
module for processing. Once the calculation process is completed, the results will be displayed on five
different screens:
Calculation Results
Nozzle Performance
Concentration Summary
Venting
Error Messages
NOTE
DUE
TO THE COMPLICATED MATH INVOLVED, SOMETIMES THE CALCULATION MODULE FREEZES OR STOPS
RESPONDING. IF THAT HAPPENS, SIMPLY PRESS THE CANCEL BUTTON ON THE CALCULATION SPLASH SCREEN.
5.1.4.1
Calculation Results
The calculation results screen depicts the cylinder information and the piping model information.
A.
ISSUED:
Conditions
1.
Storage Pressure: The starting pressure prior to the cylinder actuation.
2.
Maximum Pressure After Orifice: The maximum pressure in the piping network after the
restrictor. This value is the result of the first calculated increment.
3.
Cylinders: The quantity and type of cylinders selected.
4.
Total Kgs of Nitrogen: The total amount of Nitrogen within all the cylinders.
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 28
B.
Piping Results
1.
Section Nodes: The starting and ending nodes for a particular section of the pipe model.
2.
Nominal Pipe Size: The computed or inputted pipe size and schedule.
NOTE
PIPE SELECTION AND PRESSURE RATINGS ARE BASED ON THE USE OF A-53B/A-106B SMLS CARBON STEEL
PIPE WITH A MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE STRESS VALUE (SE) OF 18000 PSI.
ISSUED:
3.
Length: Length of pipe within the section, including elevation changes.
4.
Elev: The length of an elevation change within the section of pipe.
5.
EQL: Total equivalent length of the section of pipe. This includes pipe, elbows, tees, couplings,
unions, valves, and any additional information inputted into the equivalent length column of
the data file.
6.
Start PSIA (Bar): The pressure at the beginning of the section.
7.
Term PSIA (Bar): The pressure at the termination of the section.
8.
Flow Rate: The flow rate through the pipe section displayed in lbs/min, or kgs/min if the metric
option is enabled.
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 29

NOTE
CHEMETRONS CALCULATION DISPLAYS INSTANTANEOUS FLOW RATES. SINCE FLOW RATES VARY THROUGHOUT
THE DISCHARGE DUE TO CYLINDER PRESSURE RECESSION, THE PRODUCT OF THE FLOW RATE TIMES THE DISCHARGE
TIME WILL NOT, IN GENERAL, EQUAL THE TOTAL QUANTITY OF AGENT. THE INSTANTANEOUS FLOW RATES ARE
PROVIDED FOR INFORMATION ONLY AND SHOULD NOT BE CONSIDERED IN THE EVALUATION OF CALCULATIONS.
5.1.4.2
Nozzle Performance
A.
Nozzle ID: The identification number given to a specific nozzle.
B.
Nozzle Size: The selected or computed size and schedule of a nozzle.
C.
Description: Description of the nozzle used or the restrictor.
D.
Orifice Drill Dia: The nozzle drill code that was calculated by the program.
If N/A is displayed in this column, then there is no nozzle available, which makes the calculation
invalid. Note the pipe size of the nozzle in question, return to the piping model, change the pipe
size of that particular nozzle to something other than the calculated pipe size and rerun the
calculation.
E.
Stock Number: The Chemetron Fire Systems stock number for the particular nozzle. If the stock
number ends with 3 dashes (---), this indicates that while the nozzle was calculated, the nozzle
selected is either a nozzle that Chemetron does not sell or that the orifice diameter calculated falls
outside of our design parameters. This makes the calculation invalid.
F.
Nitrogen Discharged: The quantity of Nitrogen discharged through a particular nozzle.
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 30

5.1.4.3
Hazard Concentration Results

This screen is divided into two areas:
Hazard Performance Summary
A.
1.
Hazard: The designation for each area inputted.
2.
Room Volume: The dimensional volume of a particular hazard.
3.
Total Kgs Discharged: The quantity of Nitrogen that was discharged into a particular hazard
area.
4.
Concentration Requested: Based on the data input, the desired concentration.
5.
Min. Concentration Achieved: Based on the results of the calculation, the concentration
that was achieved based on the minimum hazard temperature given.
6.
Max. Concentration Achieved: Based on the results of the calculation, the concentration
that was achieved based on the maximum hazard temperature given.
7.
O2% @ Max.: The percentage of oxygen left in the hazard area after the discharge based on
the minimum temperature. This is dependent on the maximum concentration achieved. This
value is based on a 20.9% O2 quantity in the hazard prior to the discharge.
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 31

B.
C.
Hazard Performance Summary

1.
Hazard: The designation of each area inputted.
2.
Room Volume: The dimensional volume of the hazard.
3.
Kgs Req. for Hazard: The kilograms of agent required to achieve the desired concentration.
4.
Kgs Disch. in Hazard: The quantity of Nitrogen that was discharged into the hazard.
5.
Kgs Req. in 60 Sec.: 95% of the agent required for a particular hazard MUST be discharged
in 60 seconds. This value represents the 95% requirement.
6.
Kgs Disch. in 60 Sec.: The quantity of Nitrogen discharged in 60 seconds.
7.
Pass or Fail: If the amount of agent discharged into the hazard is greater than or equal to the
kilograms required for the hazard AND the amount of Nitrogen discharged in the hazard in
60 seconds is greater than or equal to the kilograms required in 60 seconds, then PASS is
displayed. If not, concentration in general is not achieved and FAIL is displayed. However, even
if PASS is displayed, there may still be errors in the calculation. Check the error messages.
Venting Requirement
1.
Hazard: The designation for each area inputted.
2.
Nitrogen Flow Rate: The maximum flow rate into the hazard. This value comes from the first
calculated increment.
3.
Venting Safety Factor: By default this is set to 3. Other values may be chosen based on
engineering judgment.
4.
Enclosure Strength: This is a factor based on the International Building Code (IBC). A default
value of 5 lb/ft2 is used, based on an internal partition made of wood and drywall. Other values
can be chosen based on engineering judgment. Before changing the strength of the enclosure,
check with the architect to verify its IBC factor.
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 32

The pressure venting calculation for an inert gas discharge into an enclosure is based on the
following.
The following derivation uses the equation for flow through an orifice as the starting point.
w 0 .525 d 2C P '
w = lbs/sec of atmosphere flowing out of vent
d = diameter of vent opening (inches)
C = flow coefficient
P' = pressure differential across vent opening in psi
= density (lbs/cu ft) of atmosphere flowing through vent
d 2 w / 0 .525 C P '
2
X = (area of orifice in square inches) = d /4
W = (flow in lbs/min) = 60 w
X W / 40 .1C P '
144 P' (lbs/sq in) = P (lbs/sq ft)
X W / 3 .34 C P
For nitrogen, a conservative vent area will be calculated assuming:
1.
2.
maximum flow rate of inert gas into the enclosure

the atmosphere being vented is comprised solely of air from the enclosure.
For example, consider Nitrogen with a specific gravity relative to air of .966. Under equilibrium
pressure conditions, for every unit mass of Nitrogen entering the enclosure, 1.035 units of air mass
will exit the enclosure.
Since flow calculations for Nitrogen discharge systems provide mass flow rates for Nitrogen, it is
useful to convert the vent area equation to use the Nitrogen mass flow rate as an input quantity.
Let Q equal the peak calculated mass flow rate of Nitrogen in kgs/min. Then
Substituting 0.07528 lb/cu ft (the density of air at 68F and 1 atmosphere), the final equation is
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 33

C is the flow coefficient for the vent opening. The value of C depends on the geometry of the
opening, the type of louver or screen which is on the opening, the flow velocity through the opening,
and other factors. If an actual value for C is available for the specific vent in a system, that value
may be used. In most cases, the value for C will not be available. A reasonably conservative value
for a louvered vent is 0.5. Using C = 0.5 and rounding the numerical constant gives the generalized
equation:
The above equation gives the area of an orifice through the enclosure boundary through which
a volume of air just equal to the injected volume of Nitrogen will flow with a pressure differential
P across the orifice.
Theoretically a vent of area X will limit the pressure in the enclosure to P during a Nitrogen discharge
at a rate of Q. In application, P is the maximum permitted pressure across the boundary of the
enclosure which will not cause structural damage to the enclosure; Q is the peak mass flow rate
of Nitrogen into the enclosure. Various physical unknowns make it mandatory to build a safety
factor S into the calculation. The resulting equation is
The maximum permitted pressure is divided by the safety factor thus limiting, in theory, pressure
in the enclosure to P/S.
In Chemetron's Nitrogen flow calculation program, the vent calculation procedure uses a default
safety factor of 3. The user may choose other values for the safety factor based on his engineering
judgment.
In using the pressure vent calculation, it is essential to note that the calculation assumes a simple
vent opening through a wall, floor or ceiling discharging directly to outside atmosphere. The
calculation is theoretically similar to that given in NFPA 12 for carbon dioxide systems.
The calculation is not valid for vents discharging into ductwork. For vents that discharge into a duct
or plenum and then to outdoor atmospheric pressure, the pressure losses due to flow through the
conduit must be considered. For vents discharging into adjacent rooms or anywhere except to
outdoor atmospheric pressure, the effects of pressure variations on the outlet side of the vent
opening must be considered. Such special cases require analysis by an engineer with expertise
in air movement systems.
5.1.4.4
Error Messages
This screen will display various piping model input errors and/or system calculation errors. The following
is a list of error messages generated by the calculation math module after the initial error checking is
performed and/or the calculation is complete.
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 34
A.
Errors involving specification of pipe sections and tee branches

(9) Section ### - ### has more than one tee.
(13) Section ### - ### shows tee with no matching branch.
(14) Section ### - ### and section ### - ### show branching without proper tees.
(15) Section ### - ### and section ### - ### do not have enough tees specified.
(16) Error--Section ### - ### has more than two outlets.
(21) No manifold orifice found in system.
(22) Error--Manifold section may not feed nozzle branch directly. Section ### - ### is shown
as manifold section.
(22a) Error--Manifold section may not feed nozzle branch directly.
(23) Section ### - ### shows zero flow - check data. Nozzle designators must be 301 or
greater. Manifold sections need a manifold indicator.
B.
Errors due to excessive pressure loss in the system or excessively large pipe volume
Error during pressure drop calculation run number 1.
Problem: Extreme pressure drop with the pipe section terminal pressure approaching zero
is calculated for the first increment of Nitrogen leaving the storage container. This is usually
caused by a fixed piping/nozzle network that cannot accommodate the required flow rate. This
is also caused by errors in specifying the quantity of Nitrogen to be discharged from the nozzles
or by discharge times that are too short.
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 35

Calculation of fixed pipe and fixed nozzle system fails. Piping system is too long or pipe
sizes too small or nozzle sizes too large.
Problem: This is usually caused when a fixed piping/nozzle network cannot accommodate
the required flow rate, or the pressure falls below the minimum 430 psia.
Pressure falls below 20 bar for first increment of Nitrogen discharging from cylinder
in Section ### to ###. Take measures to decrease pressure loss - lengthen discharge
time, increase number of cylinders, shorten pipe runs, check fixed pipe sizes.
Problem: Extreme pressure drop with the pipe sections terminal pressure below 20 bar during
the first calculated increment of Nitrogen leaving the storage container. This is usually caused
by a fixed piping/nozzle network that cannot accommodate the required flow rate. This is also
caused by errors in specifying the quantity of Nitrogen to be discharged from the nozzles or
by discharge times that are too short.
Maximum pipe schedule is not sufficient for downstream pressure.
Problem: The maximum pressure downstream of the restrictor is greater than what our greatest
pipe schedule can handle, i.e., Schedule XXS cannot handle the maximum pressure in the
piping.
Pressure in section ### - ### drops to ### psia. Check for fixed pipe sizes, excessive
pipe lengths or flow rates.
Problem: Extreme pressure drop with the pipe sections terminal pressure below 430 psia
during the first calculated increment of Nitrogen leaving the storage container. This is usually
caused by a fixed piping/nozzle network that cannot accommodate the required flow rate. This
is also caused by errors in specifying the quantity of Nitrogen to be discharged from the nozzles
or by discharge times that are too short.
Calculated flow velocity exceeds velocity of sound in section ### - ### during ##%
increment.
Problem: Choked Flow in pipe section may result in unpredictable pressure downstream
of the pipe section in question. Possible causes include a fixed piping/nozzle network that
cannot accommodate the required flow rate. This is also caused by errors in specifying the
quantity of Nitrogen to be discharged from the nozzles, or by discharge times which are too
short. If the restrictor is a fixed orifice in the input, it is too small. Pressure drop through the
orifice cannot be more than 51% of the incoming pressure to the restrictor.
Warning: Flow rate is too low to pressurize pipe within calculated time. Actual pressure
in pipe may not reach calculated pressures.
Problem: The percent of the stored Nitrogen needed to pressurize the pipe to peak pressure
is greater than 16% of the total stored Nitrogen. In such instances, the actual system pressures
fail to reach the theoretically predicted pressure. This is usually caused by excessive pipe
volume (large pipe ID and/or very long pipe runs).
Warning: Pipe schedule in section ### to ### is thinner than required.
- This warning is based on the use of A-53B or A-106B seamless pipe with SE = 18000.
- This pipe has a maximum pressure rating of #### psi for the required diameter.
Problem: The calculated maximum pressure in the specified section of pipe is greater than
what the pipe schedule designated for that pipe section can handle. To fix this, increase the
pipe schedule in the specified pipe section.
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 36

Branch piping leading to Nozzle ### is too long. ### seconds to reach peak pressure maximum allowable time is ### seconds. Actual pressure and quantity at nozzles may
not match calculation.
Problem: Extreme difference in length, pipe volume or flow rate among branch lines leading
to various nozzles may cause unpredictable variation between predicted and actual pressure
at system nozzles. Resolution: move nozzles closer together or redesign to eliminate excessive
pipe length.
Pressures fell below minimums as ##% increment left cylinder. -or
Warning: Flow calculation failed to converge after ## percentile of agent discharge.
Problem: If pressure drop and flow rates fail to converge for a calculation of an increment
less than the 50th percent increment leaving the storage cylinder, the system calculation may
be unreliable. Usually caused by fixed pipe sizes and/or excessively long pipe runs.
Warning: Flow of ###.## in section ### - ### is above maximum of ###.## kg/min.
Problem: The pipe size is too small for the specified section of pipe. It has exceeded the limits
established during agency testing. To fix this, increase the pipe diameter.
There are ## Orifice(s) with no drill diameter.
Problem: Calculation completed, however the nozzles that were calculated are outside our
listed parameters. To fix this, change the pipe diameter on the section of pipe that contains
the nozzle in question.
Hazard X did not achieve concentration required in 60 seconds.
Problem: 95% of the required Nitrogen needed to achieve concentration in a specified area
did not discharge into the hazard area in less than 60 seconds. To fix this, increase the flow
rate for the hazard area nozzles. If it is a piping system with fixed pipe/nozzles, try increasing
the hazard area nozzle codes.
Concentration achieved is less than requested for Hazard X.
Problem: The required amount of Nitrogen needed to achieve concentration was not discharged
into the hazard area by the end of the system discharge. To fix this, increase the flow rate for
the hazard area nozzles. If it is a piping system with fixed pipe/nozzles, try increasing the hazard
area nozzle codes.
C.
Error messages for when ULC listing and FM approval limits are exceeded
Warning: Flow in section ### - ### is below minimum for complete turbulence.
Warning: Pipe volume exceeds 60% of cylinder volume. Pressure drop calculation may be
unreliable.
Ratio of orifice diameter to feed pipe diameter > 65% for manifold orifice.
Ratio of orifice diameter to feed pipe diameter < 30% for manifold orifice.
Warning: Nozzle pressure for ### is below 430 psia minimum.
Ratio of orifice diameter to feed pipe diameter > 65% for nozzle ###.
Ratio of orifice diameter to feed pipe diameter < 20% for nozzle ###.
Warning: Flow in section ### - ### is below minimum of ###.## kg/min.
Warning: Flow of ###.## in section ### - ### is above maximum of ###.## kg/min.
Warning: Flow in section ### - ### is below minimum for complete turbulence.
Warning: Manifold orifice union size must match feed pipe size.
Warning: Manifold orifice diameter exceeds diameter of section ### - ### -- increase pipe
diameter in this section to match nominal size of restrictor.
After manifold, orifice pipe length must be at least 10 pipe diameters before flow may be split
at a tee.
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 37

Warning: Section ### - ### side outlet branch of side/thru tee carries ## % of flow. Maximum
branch flow from side tee is 95 percent.
Warning: Section ### - ### bullhead tee minor flow branch carries ##% of flow. Minimum
branch flow from bullhead tee is 5 percent.
Warning: Section ### - ### side outlet flow branch of side/thru tee carries ##% of flow. Minimum
branch flow from side tee is 5 percent.
D.
Miscellaneous Error Messages

(101) Problem with drill diameter table in flow program.
Warning: Choked flow occurs in manifold orifice - system pressures may be llower than
calculated. Check consistency of flow rates. Flow rates may be lower than calculated
and discharge time longer than calculated.
of the pipe section in question. Possible causes include a fixed piping/nozzle network that cannot
accommodate the required flow rate. This is also caused by errors in specifying the quantity
of Nitrogen to be discharged from the nozzles, or by discharge times that are too short. If the
restrictor is a fixed orifice in the input, it is too small. Pressure drop through the orifice cannot
be more than 51% of the incoming pressure to the restrictor.
Warning: Manifold orifice diameter exceeds diameter of section XX - XX --increase pipe
diameter in this section to match nominal size of orifice union.
Problem: When employing an orifice union instead of a restrictor, the orifice union is a different
size than the piece of pipe that feeds the orifice union.
Error: Velocity of sound exceeded in section XX - XX in run number X of calculation.
of the pipe section in question. Possible causes include a fixed piping/nozzle network that cannot
accommodate the required flow rate. This is also caused by errors in specifying the quantity
of Nitrogen to be discharged from the nozzles, or by discharge times that are too short. If the
restrictor is a fixed orifice in the input, it is too small. Pressure drop through the orifice cannot
be more than 51% of the incoming pressure to the restrictor.
5.1.5
Print Data and Results or Print Output Results

This screen will allow the user to send both the results of the calculation and/or the input data used for
the calculation to either a selected printer or to an ASCII file on a disk drive.
5.1.5.1
Items to Print
A. Input Data Listing: When this option is selected, clicking on the adjacent option box will output the
data file.
B. Calculation Results: The selection of this option will output the results of the calculation.
C. Bill Of Material: The mechanical Nitrogen system Bill of Material, including pipe and pipe fittings.
5.1.5.2
Output Units
A. English: This option will output the required information with standard English units.
B. Metric: This selection will produce a metric unit output.
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 38

NOTE
THE INPUT DATA FILE WILL BE OUTPUT IN THE SAME UNITS OF MEASUREMENT AS THAT SELECTED FOR THE DATA
INPUT. THE UNITS USED TO CREATE THE INPUT DATA FILE WILL BE DESIGNATED AS "(CURRENT)" AFTER THE
APPROPRIATE UNITS.
5.1.5.3
Configure Printer
There are numerous types of printers on the market and the program is designed to incorporate a wide
range of printers. It is advisable to click on Configure Printer to verify the current WindowsTM selected
printer.
5.1.5.4
Printer Font
There are virtually hundreds of fonts available in the industry today. Even though the program will accept
and use a number of them, the suggested font is ARIAL. This font is commonly found within the
WindowsTM list of available fonts. However, there are a number of acceptable fonts and by selecting
and trying these fonts, based on the numerous styles and types of printers, Chemetron cannot assure
you of satisfactory results. The printout uses various configurations and sizes to produce its hard copy
printout.
5.1.5.5
Print To File
Should this option be selected, the data requested will be sent to a file on the selected disk drive. The
user will be asked to verify the drive, path, and filename prior to the data being written to the file. The
outputted data will be in Standard ASCII format and may be imported into various programs for
incorporation into drawings, manuals, etc.
5.1.5.6
Print
Clicking on this command will start the printing or writing of the selected data.
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 39
5.1.6
Clear All Current Data

When this command is executed the current data file will be cleared from all fields to allow for entry of
new data. If the current data file has modifications that have not been saved, the program will prompt
for verification prior to executing the command.
5.2
Output
This area will allow the user to export either the data file or calculation results.
5.2.1
Print Data and Results

Refer to Section 5.1.5.
5.3
File Utilities
This is the data file maintenance section of the program.
5.3.1
Load
An existing data file, stored on a disk drive, may be loaded into the program for modifications or recalculation.
5.3.1.1
Save
The current data file may be saved to a disk drive for historical information.
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 40

5.3.1.2
Delete
A data file may be erased from a disk drive. However, please note that once the data file has been
deleted, it cannot be retrieved.
5.3.2
Exit
The exit button will unload the program and return you to the previous WindowsTM system screen.
5.3.3
Vol/Lbs/% Calculate (Vol/Kgs/% Calc)

This calculator may be used anywhere within the data input or calculation results screens, wherever
the command button is visible. The required input is:
A. Temperature: Defaults at 70F (21.1C)
B. Altitude: Defaults at 0 feet, sea level
In addition, two of the remaining four fields must be inputted and the remaining fields will be solved.
The remaining four fields are:
C. Volume
D. Weight
E. Concentration
F. Oxygen: If a concentration and volume is
inputted, the program will display the percentage of oxygen remaining in that volume. If an
oxygen value and a volume is inputted, the
program will compute the weight and the
concentration achieved.
For example, if the quantity of agent and the volume
are known, the concentration may be computed.
If the volume and the concentration are known, the
amount of Nitrogen can be computed. Should the
concentration and the amount of Nitrogen be
known, the calculator will determine the volume in
which these parameters will fit.
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 41

5.4
Minimum/Maximum Flow Rates

This button can be pressed to show the following approximate flow rates for estimating pipe sizes.
Maximum flow rates are based on 20 times the minimum.
Table 5.4 - Estimating Pipe Sizes
Flow - Kgs/Minute
Pipe Size
Schedule 40
Minimum
Maximum
Schedule 80
Minimum
Maximum
Schedule 160
Minimum
Maximum
Schedule XXS
Minimum
Maximum
1/2 (15 mm)
1.3
26.9
0.8
15.3
0.2
3.7
N/A
N/A
3/4 (20 mm)
3.0
60.1
2.3
46.1
1.3
25.6
N/A
N/A
1 (25 mm)
5.1
101.6
4.2
84.0
2.9
58.5
1.2
23.3
1-1/4 (32mm)
8.6
172.3
7.5
149.3
6.2
124.0
3.6
72.8
1-1/2 (40 mm)
11.4
228.8
10.1
201.0
8.1
162.7
5.6
111.7
2 (50 mm)
18.0
360.9
16.1
321.1
12.5
249.7
10.1
201.8
2-1/2 (65 mm)
25.1
501.1
22.4
447.4
19.0
379.7
13.6
272.2
3 (80 mm)
37.9
757.3
34.0
679.4
28.1
561.8
22.0
439.3
4 (100 mm)
65.1
1302.1
58.7
1173.4
47.3
946.7
39.9
798.1
5 (125 mm)
104.9
2097.6
94.7
1893.7
75.1
1501.7
66.3
1326.9
6 (150 mm)
157.5
3149.2
140.3
2805.8
111.4
2227.9
98.3
1965.4
8" (200 mm)
298.2
5964.2
267.5
5349.9
205.4
4108.9
209.8
4196.1
5.5
Check Points
Although the computer can provide complete flow calculations, it cannot exercise the human judgement
required to decide if the results are satisfactory. Obviously, items such as actual pipe length, equivalent
lengths, elevation changes, and the types of tee junctions must be checked against the piping layout
drawing and the actual installation.
NOTE
THE INSTALLER IS REQUIRED TO VERIFY THAT THE PIPE SCHEDULES INSTALLED MATCH AND CONFORM TO THE
PIPE SCHEDULES GIVEN IN THIS SOFTWARE. SEE APPENDIX TABLE A-4.
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 42
A-1
Nitrogen CALCULATION WORKSHEET

Following is a sample copy of the Nitrogen Calculation Worksheet.
Concentration Required:
Sheet 1
NITROGEN SURFACE FIRE REQUIREMENTS

Project:
Date:
Hazard:
Engr:
Type of Combustible:
Volume
L x
W x
H =
Cu Ft/Cu M
L x
W x
H =
Cu Ft/Cu M
L x
W x
H =
Cu Ft/Cu M
L x
W x
H =
Cu Ft/Cu M
Total
Cu Ft/Cu M
Nitrogen Required (Refer to Tables on Sheets 2 & 3)

Volume
(concentration factor)
Kgs
Kgs
(atmospheric correction factor)
Kgs
Total Kilograms Required
Storage Required
Kgs Req'd /
Kgs/Cyl =
Cylinders Main &
Description
Stock #
Usable
Capacity
(Kgs)
80 Liter Cylinder Assembly (Filled cylinder & valve)

200 bar D.O.T. & TC Versions
10980090
17.3
66.7 Liter Cylinder Assembly (Filled cylinder & valve)

ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
10980091
14.4
Cylinders
Cylinders Reserve
Description
Stock #
Usable
Capacity
(Kgs)

10980093
3.4
D.O.T. = Department of Transportation (US)

TC = Transportation Canada
S/N 30000063
Page 43
Sheet 2

Total Flooding Quantities - Volume Requirements of Nitrogen - Metric - Kg/M3
Design Concentration (% by Volume)
Temp
(C)
36
37
38
40
42
46
50
-30
0.758
0.786
0.812
0.868
0.926
1.047
1.178
-25
0.728
0.754
0.780
0.834
0.889
1.005
1.131
-20
0.700
0.725
0.749
0.801
0.854
0.966
1.087
-15
0.673
0.697
0.721
0.770
0.821
0.929
1.045
-10
0.647
0.671
0.694
0.741
0.790
0.894
1.006
-5
0.624
0.646
0.668
0.714
0.761
0.861
0.968
0.601
0.622
0.644
0.688
0.733
0.830
0.933
0.579
0.600
0.621
0.663
0.707
0.800
0.900
10
0.559
0.579
0.599
0.640
0.683
0.727
0.869
15
0.540
0.559
0.578
0.618
0.659
0.745
0.839
20
0.522
0.540
0.559
0.597
0.637
0.720
0.810
25
0.504
0.522
0.540
0.577
0.616
0.696
0.783
30
0.488
0.505
0.522
0.558
0.595
0.673
0.758
35
0.472
0.489
0.506
0.540
0.576
0.652
0.733
40
0.457
0.473
0.490
0.523
0.558
0.631
0.710
45
0.443
0.459
0.474
0.507
0.541
0.611
0.688
50
0.429
0.445
0.460
0.491
0.524
0.593
0.667
55
0.416
0.431
0.446
0.476
0.508
0.575
0.646
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 44
Sheet 3

Total Flooding Quantities - Volume Requirements of Nitrogen - US Standard - Kg/Ft3
Design Concentration (% by Volume)
Temp
(F)
36
37
38
40
42
46
50
-20
0.02129
0.02220
0.02280
0.02436
0.02598
0.02939
0.03306
-10
0.02035
0.02107
0.02180
0.02329
0.02484
0.02810
0.03160
0.01947
0.02017
0.02086
0.02229
0.02377
0.02689
0.03024
10
0.01865
0.01932
0.01998
0.02135
0.02277
0.02575
0.02897
20
0.01788
0.01852
0.01915
0.02047
0.02183
0.02469
0.02777
30
0.01716
0.01777
0.01838
0.01964
0.02094
0.02369
0.02665
40
0.01648
0.01706
0.01765
0.01886
0.02011
0.02275
0.02559
50
0.01584
0.01640
0.01696
0.01813
0.01933
0.02187
0.02460
60
0.01523
0.01578
0.01632
0.01744
0.01859
0.02103
0.02366
70
0.01466
0.01518
0.01571
0.01678
0.01790
0.02024
0.02277
80
0.01412
0.01463
0.01513
0.01617
0.01724
0.01950
0.02194
90
0.01361
0.01410
0.01458
0.01582
0.01662
0.01880
0.02114
100
0.01313
0.01360
0.01407
0.01503
0.01603
0.01830
0.02040
110
0.01267
0.01313
0.01358
0.01451
0.01547
0.01750
0.01969
120
0.01224
0.01268
0.01311
0.01401
0.01494
0.01690
0.01901
130
0.01183
0.01225
0.01267
0.01354
0.01444
0.01633
0.01837
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 45
Sheet 4

Elevation Correction Factors
Altitude
Feet
Enclosure Pressure
Kilometers
ISSUED:
cm Hg
-3,000
-0.92
16.25
84.0
1.11
-2,000
-0.61
15.71
81.2
1.07
-1,000
-0.30
15.23
78.7
1.04
14.71
76.0
1.00
1,000
0.30
14.18
73.3
0.96
2,000
0.61
13.64
70.5
0.93
3,000
0.92
13.12
67.8
0.89
4,000
1.21
12.58
65.0
0.86
5,000
1.52
12.04
62.2
0.82
6,000
1.83
11.53
59.6
0.78
7,000
2.13
11.03
57.0
0.75
8,000
2.44
10.64
55.0
0.72
9,000
2.74
10.22
52.8
0.69
10,000
3.05
9.77
50.5
0.66
Note:
PSIA
Correction
Factor
Multiply the correction factor by the sea level design quantity of Nitrogen to obtain the correct
quantity for a given altitude.
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 46
A-2
NITROGEN CALCULATION EXAMPLE #1
36
Sheet 1

Project: Example #1
Date: 10/1/03
Hazard: Room
Engr:
Class A Fire
Volume
14
15
L x
10
W x
2,100
H =
Cu Ft/Cu M
L x
W x
H =
Cu Ft/Cu M
L x
W x
H =
Cu Ft/Cu M
L x
W x
H =
Cu Ft/Cu M
Total
2,100
Cu Ft/Cu M

2,100
Volume
.01584
34.80
Kgs
1.00
34.80
Kgs
34.80
Kgs
34.80
Storage Required
34.80
Kgs Req'd /
3
Description
14.4
Cylinders Main &
Stock #
Usable
Capacity
(Kgs)

10980090
17.3

ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
10980091
14.4
Kgs/Cyl =
3
Cylinders
Cylinders Reserve
Description
Stock #
Usable
Capacity
(Kgs)

10980093
3.4

S/N 30000063
Page 47
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 48
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 49
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 50
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 51
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 52
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 53
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 54
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 55
A-3
36
Sheet 1

Project: Example #2 with selector valve
Date: 10/1/03
Hazard: Room
Engr:
Class A Fire
Volume
26
25
L x
10.5
W x
6,825
H =
Cu Ft/Cu M
L x
W x
H =
Cu Ft/Cu M
L x
W x
H =
Cu Ft/Cu M
L x
W x
H =
Cu Ft/Cu M
Total
6,825
Cu Ft/Cu M

6,825
Volume
Kgs
100.06
.01466
1.00
x
x
=
=
100.06
100.06
100.06
Kgs
Kgs
Storage Required
100.06
Kgs Req'd /
6
Description
17.3
Cylinders Main &
Stock #
Usable
Capacity
(Kgs)

10980090
17.3

ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
10980091
14.4
Kgs/Cyl =
6
Cylinders
Cylinders Reserve
Description
Stock #
Usable
Capacity
(Kgs)

10980093
3.4

S/N 30000063
Page 56
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 57
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 58
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 59
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 60
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 61
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 62
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 63
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 64
A-4
36
Sheet 1

Project: Example #3
Date: 10/1/03
Hazard: Room
Engr:
Class A Fire
Volume
856
111
L x
W x
H =
856
Cu Ft/Cu M
Cu Ft/Cu M
L x
W x
H =
111
2,222
L x
W x
H =
2,222
Cu Ft/Cu M
15,000
L x
W x
H =
15,000
Cu Ft/Cu M
18,189
Cu Ft/Cu M
Total

18,189
Volume
Kgs
266.66
.01466
1.00
x
x
=
=
266.66
266.66
266.66
Kgs
Kgs
Storage Required
266.66
Kgs Req'd /
16
Description
17.3
Cylinders Main &
Stock #
Usable
Capacity
(Kgs)

10980090
17.3

ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
10980091
14.4
16
Kgs/Cyl =
16
Cylinders
Cylinders Reserve
Description
Stock #
Usable
Capacity
(Kgs)

10980093
3.4

S/N 30000063
Page 65
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 66
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 67
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 68
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 69
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 70
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 71
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 72
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 73
A-5
Dimensions of Welded and Seamless Pipe

Table A-4 - Nominal Wall Thickness and Inside Diameter
Nominal
Pipe
Size
1/2
3/4
1-1/4
1-1/2
2-1/2
ISSUED:
11/1/2003
Outside
Diameter
Wall
I.D.
Schedule
40
80
160
XXS
Wall
.109
.147
.187
.294
I.D.
.622
.546
.466
.252
Wall
.113
.154
.218
.308
I.D.
.824
.742
.614
.434
Wall
.133
.179
.250
.358
I.D.
1.049
.957
.815
.599
Wall
.140
.191
.250
.382
I.D.
1.380
1.278
1.160
.896
Wall
.145
.200
.281
.400
I.D.
1.610
1.500
1.338
1.100
Wall
.154
.218
.343
.436
I.D.
2.067
1.939
1.689
1.503
Wall
.203
.276
.375
.552
I.D.
2.469
2.323
2.125
1.771
Wall
.216
.300
.438
.600
I.D.
3.068
2.900
2.624
2.300
Wall
.237
.337
.531
.674
I.D.
4.026
3.826
3.438
3.152
Wall
.258
.375
.625
.750
I.D.
5.047
4.813
4.313
4.063
Wall
.280
.432
.718
.864
I.D.
6.065
5.761
5.189
4.897
Wall
.322
.500
.906
.875
I.D.
7.981
7.625
6.813
6.875
.840
1.050
1.315
1.660
1.900
2.375
2.875
3.500
4.500
5.563
6.625
8.625
REVISED:
N/A
S/N 30000063
Page 74
Chemetron Fire Systems and Cardox are registered trademarks of Chemetron Fire Systems.
These instructions do not purport to cover all the details or variations in the
equipment described, nor do they provide for every possible contingency
to be met in connection with design, installation, operation and maintenance. All specifications subject to change without notice. Should further
information be desired or should particular problems arise that are not
covered sufficiently for the purchasers purposes, the matter should be
referred to CHEMETRON FIRE SYSTEMS, Matteson, IL.
S/N 30000063 11/1/2003 Rev. N/A
2003 Chemetron Fire Systems

Printed in USA

Nitrogen Flow Calc Manual

Încărcat de

Informații document

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Nitrogen Flow Calc Manual

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Nitrogen

Physical Properties of Nitrogen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

NITROGEN SYSTEM DESIGN

HYDRAULIC FLOW CALCULATION PROGRAM

Nitrogen Calculation Worksheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Physical Properties of Nitrogen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

360 Nozzle Determination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Title Page (blank) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4801 Southwick Drive, 3rd Floor

Use and Limitations

Fire Extinguishment Methods

Selector Valves/Distribution System

Pressure Relief Venting

Physical Properties of Nitrogen

Boiling Point at 760 mm Hg

Gas Density at 70F (21.1C)

Purity of Nitrogen (N2)

N2 >_ 99.7%: H2O <_ 10 ppm

Evaluation of Cylinder Storage Space

Equation Formula for Specific Requirements

X = 2.303 * (VS/s) * Log10(100/(100-C) = VS/s * Ln (100/(100-C))

= Specific volume of superheated Nitrogen vapor.

= Temperature in the Hazard (C).

NFPA Design Concentrations

ISO Design Concentrations

Cylinder storage pressure at 70F (21.1C).

The program shall calculate and determine/verify:

Orifice diameter for the restrictor(s).

Calculation of Room Volume

Quantity of Agent Calculation

Integrity of the room, unclosable openings, unstoppable extraction ventilating, etc.

Cylinder/Volume Ratio - Class A & Class C Fires

Table 3.7.7 - Cylinder/Volume Ratio Class A & Class C Fires

NFPA (20% Safety Factor)

ISO (30% Safety Factor)

Values are based on the following equation: Venc = Mgas / Mx

Cylinder/Volume Ratio - Class B Fires (n-Heptane)

Table 3.7.8 - Cylinder/Volume Ratio Class B Fires (n-Heptane)

Values are based on the following equation: Venc = MGas / Mx

Selecting Number of Nozzles

Flow Splits at All Tees

NITROGEN SYSTEM DESIGN

FLOW CALCULATION PROGRAM

Project Number: Reference number

Project Name: Name of project or end user

Site Location: Installation location

Hazard Name: Name of protected hazard

Pipe Temperature: The initial pipe temperature should be entered here.

Area Name: Enter the name of the specific area.

Type: By default, this option is set to a Class A type fire.

Area Nozzle List

Piping Model Data

System Design Considerations for Sectioning of Pipe

Column Headings and Descriptions

A positive number indicates a rise in elevation.

40T: Schedule 40 pipe with threaded fittings.

Fitting: 90 & 45 degree elbows and tees for installation.

90's: Number of 90 degree elbows in the pipe section.

Tees: Used when a separation of agent flow is required.

Union: The number of couplings or unions in the pipe section.

Piping Model Features

Using Multiple Selector Valves in Parallel

Calculate and Display Results

Storage Pressure: The starting pressure prior to the cylinder actuation.