11/4/2014

Energy Efficiency Summit

Hyderabad
Latest developments in VRV
Technology

Muralidhar Katari
Daikin Air conditioning India Pvt. Ltd.
October 30, 2014

What About Efficiency?

Typical energy consumption in office building
rC
Ai

ondit io ning
47%

Comp. Heat
20% transfer
27.2%
Other utilities
20.5%
Lighting
32.3%

47% of electricity is
consumed by AC
AC consumption reduction is
prime target of energy
saving

How does it possible to achieve energy saving and

comfort simultaneously?
Energy saving

Comfort
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This is the time to increase our efforts towards

Strengthen Green Building Movement
More energy efficient methods of operations
High energy efficient products
Habit of Energy Conservation
Best utilization of available Energy Resources.

We are pioneering the movement with a large array of

energy efficient products

Air-cooled VRV Project with

LEED Platinum Certification
LEED certified
Platinum rating

Project Name

CRISIL House

Location

Mumbai, India

BLD. Type
The Size of Bldg
Size of Project
Central Controller

Uniqueness

Official Building

9 Floors
ODU - 73 No., HP 1,092
VRVIII (Air Cooled)
I-Manager

Green building project =>

With Platinum rating
Design by Team of
leading Architectural and
HVAC Consultancy
organisations.
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Water-cooled VRV Project with

LEED Platinum Certification

LEED certified
Platinum rating

Project Name
Location

Pune, India

BLD. Type

Official Building

The Size of Bldg

Size of Project
Central Controller

Uniqueness

Suzlon

8 Blocks, 32 Floor
ODU - 134 No., HP 1,392
VRVIII ( WC)
I-Manager & BACnet

Green building project =>

Highest Platinum rated
building in India
Appreciation letter from
customer for installation
and project management
5

LEED Platinum Certification

LEED certified
Platinum rating

Project Name

Kirloskar Brother Limited

Location

Pune, India

BLD. Type

Official Building

The Size of Bldg

Aircond. Qty

Application

G+ 3 Floor

ODU - 69 No., HP 704

Green building project =>

Platinum rated building
1st Reference Site of VRV WIII
Awarded appreciation letter by
customer

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Discussion Topics
Emerging Space conditioning technology;
Variable Refrigerant Volume (VRV)
Energy & Atmosphere
- Efficiency of the system
- Environment friendly Refrigerant
Clean Project Management
- IAQ management plan
- Indoor environmental quality
7

VRV Development

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Background of Development of VRV

1973 Global oil crises (The 4th Arab-Israel War )
1979 New energy efficiency laws passes in Japan
1980 Chiller design engineers challenged with
making a higher efficiency chiller
1982 The worlds first VRV System is launched

Energy saving
Crude oil price

Oil crisis

1973

1974

The 1st turning point

Inverter VRV!
Its design flexibility expanded sales volume
drastically.

5000

Inverter VRV

4000
3000
2000
1000
0

The 1st generation Inverter VRV G series

Non-inverter
VRV
1998

1999

1990

1991

Turning
Point

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Technology Advancement
Standard compressors to variable speed scroll compressors
Direct driven outdoor fans to variable frequency drive,
inverter-driven fans
Direct driven indoor coil motors to Inverter type motors

11

Performance difference between

1982 and 2014 model
1982

2014

Energy Efficiency (COP) <10HP>

2.78

4.30

Max. refrigerant piping length

difference between indoor &
outdoor unit

70m

165m

Max. refrigerant piping height

difference between indoor &
outdoor unit

30m

90m

Capacity range Outdoor unit

1015HP

4~60HP

Capacity range Indoor unit

2.5HP

0.8~20HP

Max. connectable indoor units

number

6 units

64 units

None

-Intelligent touch Controller

- Intelligent Manager
- Intelligent touch Manager (~2012)
- BACNet interface
- LonWorks Interface
- Home Automation Interface (2012~)
- A/C Network Service System

Approx. 5,000m2

No limit

Network control system

Target project size

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Expansion of the country of sale

Sales is undergoing in more than 70 countries
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
Cyprus
Czech
Finland
France
Germany
Greece

Algeria
Burkina Fas
o
Egypt
Ivory Coast
Senegal
South Africa
Sudan

Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Lithuania
Macedonia
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Russia

Serbia
Slovakia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
UK
Ukraine

Bahrain
Jordan
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
UAE

Cambodia
Malaysia
Myanmar
Philippine
Singapore
Thailand
Vietnam

Canada
Mexico
Puerto Rico
USA

China
Japan
Korea
Taiwan

Argentina
Brazil
Panama
Peru

Australia
Fiji
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Tahiti

India
Maldives
Nepal
Seychelles
Sri Lanka

13

Growth path experienced in all key VRV

markets
120

3. Steady
Growth

100

Japan
Australia
S. Korea
Singapore
Europe

80

60

2. High
Growth

x 25!

40

1. Tipping Point
20

0
0

12

15

18

21

24

27

30

33

Years after introduction

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Energy: Efficiency of the system

15

VRV Architecture
Variable Refrigerant Volume
Outdoor Unit

Indoor Units

Independent control of
each room and zones air
conditioning according to
thermal load.
Automatic control of
each indoor unit
Energy conservation.
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11/4/2014

Groundbreaking technology applied

to VRV
Compressor

Variable speed inverter compressor

Scroll compressor with relief mechanism
Reluctance DC motor (IPMInner Permanent Magnet) synchronous motor)
Neodymium magnet
Sensor-less DC inverter
Sign wave inverter

Heat exchanger
Sub cool circuit for longer piping
e-Pass cooling pipe location

Control system

Hi-speed DIII protocol

Intelligent-Manager, Intelligent-touch-ControllerIntelligent-touch-Manager
BACNet Interface, LONWorks Interface
A/C Network Service System (AIRNET, Energy Saving AIRNET)

17

Essential technologies
Energy saving is achieved by:
- Lowering condensing temperature
- Increasing evaporating temperature

Sine-wave DCInverter

Standard Inverter

10

R410A

-10

60

40 50
20 30
0 10

708090100110120

-20

Output current after correction

Scroll Type

0.1
200

250

300
350
[J/kg]

Heat exchanger

400

450

500

Fan

Reluctance
DC Motor

Enthalpy (Kcal/kg)

Aero Spiral Fan

D.I.S.O. Circuit

Former Fan model

To compensate refrigerant flow velocity

reduction caused by gas condensation, 2
passes are combined into 1 restricted to 1.
Heat exchange efficiency 11% UP

Liquid
refrigerant

150

High Temp. gas

[MPa]

Pressure (MPa)

Compresso
r

-30

Aero Spiral Fan

18

11/4/2014

System Parts with built-in Inverters

The motor of the compressor, the heart of an
air conditioner, consumes most power.

INV

Fan motor
Air

INV

PCB

INV

INV

Air
Electronic
expansion
valve motor

PCB

Compressor
motor

Outdoor unit
Air

Indoor unit fan motor

PCB

INV

Inverter device
19

System Capacity Control

According to the readings of 4 sensers, every 5 sec., CPU calculates optimum
capacity and adjusting EEV in PID (Propotional Integral & Derivative) action.
PID control ensures optimum comfort.
Gas

Each indoor controls its capacity via

PID control and an E.E.V.
3

Evaporator

Discharge

T2

Fan

CPU
Liquid

T1

INDEPENDENT
BRAIN

Electronic
expansion valve

T3

T4

Suction

Condensing unit adjust the inverter

compressor to provide the required capacity
(Low or High)

RC

T1 = Refrigerant IN temp.
T2 = Refrigerant OUT temp.
T3 = Return air temp.
T4 = Set temp. of RC
20

10

11/4/2014

Partial load Performance

Yearly Cooling hours

Daily occupancy ratio

100%

160
140
120

90%

Major operation
range : > 38C

80%
70%

100

Design condition
Less than 10 hrs
In a year

80
60

60%
50%
40%
30%

40

Random
occupancy

20%

20

10%

0
18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46

Ambient Temperature ()

0%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Time

AC is selected for maximum load but operated under

fluctuating partial load almost all time
Quick and efficient traceability for the load fluctuation
Quick capacity adjustment for changing load

Adjusting refrigerant flow

21

High Efficiency on Partial Load

COP

7.0

6.6

Cooling COP

6.5

4.3

6.0
5.5
5.0
4.5
4.0
20%

Nominal COP
*

Load Area
40%

60%

80%

100%

Cooling Load

* 8 HP

Partial Load gives high efficiency , Most of the time

building run on partial Loads
COP = Cooling capacity /Power Input
22

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11/4/2014

Individual Control
Operations as per building need
Precise Temperature Control
Consumes Energy as per cooling load

User benefit - User can save

energy by avoiding useless
operation

23

Inverter Technology

Room Temperature

Stable temperature control by electronic expansion

valve and inverter compressor

30
25
Set Temp.

20
15

Automatically adjusts compressor speed to meet load

Strives to run long periods at very low speeds
Reduce cyclic losses
Improve temperature controls

10

20

30

40
Time

50

60

70

Min.
24

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11/4/2014

Latest Development

25

VRT Control
Innovative New Technology !

VRT (Variable Refrigerant Temperature)

Cooling load is always changing

How can we achieve best performance in unstable

condition?

Targets

Methods

Results

Compressor
speed change

Inverter

Ref. Volume
change

Evaporating
temp. change

VRT

Comp. Work
change
New!
26

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11/4/2014

VRT Control
Comp. Work (power consumption) reduction
Ref. Temp.

TC
(Cond. Temp.)

Comp. Work
Comp. Work
Power consumption

VRT

TE

Reduction

Reduction

(Eva. Temp.)

Inverter
50%

100% Ref. flow

27

VRT Control

28

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11/4/2014

Reason Higher efficiency at cooling

VRT

COP

Because of smaller
high & low pressure
difference!

Conventional A/C
Load

Cooling load
& capacity

Ref. Eva. temp.

VRT

Capacity

100%

Conventional A/C
25%

Outdoor
Temp.

35

30

25

20

High Efficiency Scroll compressor.

A 50% thinner & 20% higher scroll blade, which is
realized by adapting newly developed material,
increases compression volume by 50%.

2.4 times stronger !

50% thinner

50% more
compression volume

Iron based alloy casting

produced by Thixocasting
process.
Thixocasting process
In the way that cast the material
in a semi-molten state, it is
capable of producing very high
strength products.

20% higher

15

11/4/2014

4-face heat exchanger

50% more heat exchange surface

Maximized
surface area

30% smaller fin pitch

New

Current

32
fins!

Refrigerant cooled inverter

VRV IV, inverter circuit is cooled by refrigerant
So, efficient & reliable cooling without influence of
ambient air temperature
VRV IV

Refrigerant cooled circuit

32

16

11/4/2014

Air net System: Energy Saving

This system tunes the air conditioner according to customer's outdoor
indoor location, operating conditions and day by day weather condition.

System overview

17 Weather data
locations from India Airnet Control Center
(ACC)

Spot
forecast

Weather
Association
Forecast Data

Remote
energy saving
tune-up
service
(paid contract)

Customer

Optimized
energy saving
setup

Optimized
energy saving
setup

I-Manager
Operation data
report
(via phone line)

or

Operation
data

I-Touch
Controller

* Optional chargeable service

33

Environment

34

17

11/4/2014

Heat Transfer Media

Why Refrigerant?
The commonly used methods of Heat Transfer in Air Conditioning solutions each
exercise different operational characteristics regards adding or removing heat
energy to a conditioned space as follows:

Air
0.14 watts/lb

Water
2.6 watts/lb

Refrigerant

25 watts/lb
VAV

VWV

VRV

This diagram represents the energy transfer possible per lb of media due to the
performance characteristic of the fluid used.
35

Environmental Consciousness
1

RoHS (Reduction of Hazardous Substances)

High COP (lower global warming impact, lower running cost)

Less refrigerant (zero ODP, lower global warming impact)

18

11/4/2014

Further Energy saving through

Smart Controller

37

Case Study: Project @ Pune

Energy Savings Proposal by Controller
Scheduling Required by client
Location

Time
Morning
Lunch

Office
Afternoon
Evening

Hour
9:00 13:00
13:00 14:00
14:00 18:30

Set Temp. Mode Set

Remote
Restriction

23-25C Cooling

No

Morning

Yes

Up to
Lift Lobby/
Lunch
Common
Afternoo
areas
n

Fan

24-26C Cooling

18:30

No

Location

Stop All Systems

Time

Night

Hour

Set Temp. Mode Set

8:00 10:00
10:00 14:00
14:00 20:00
20:00 8:00

Remote
Restriction

26C

Cooling

No

Fan

Yes

26C

Cooling

No

Fan

Yes

Total Testing Area 4 Floors: Right & Left Wing- 1 & 2 Floors
25/08/10~31/8/10
( Previous
conditions)

Without Energy
savings

1/09/10~7/09/10
( Present
conditions)

With Energy
savings Proposal
Centralized System

38

19

11/4/2014

Case Study: Project @ Pune

Weekly Energy Savings
after

before

kwh

Reduction- 22 %

350

325 kwh

300

250 Kwh
250
200
150
kwh
100
50

Day

0
25-Aug 26-Aug 27-Aug 28-Aug 29-Aug 30-Aug 31-Aug 1-Sep
Mean Ambient
temp

Wed

Thur

Fri

24

24

24

SaturdaySunday MondayTuesday Wed

24

24

25

25

1545 Kwh

25

2-Sep

3-Sep

Thur

Fri

25

25

4-Sep

5-Sep

6-Sep

7-Sep

SaturdaySunday MondayTuesday
25

25

25

25

1202 Kwh

Energy savings weekly = 22 %

Energy savings= (1545-1202)/1545*100

39

System Structure

For download PPD data and

uploading project data

40

20

11/4/2014

Indoor Environmental quality

41

Outdoor Air Processing Unit

Enhanced design flexibility and a significant reduction in total system costs.
Fresh air treatment and air conditioning with a single system
Fan coil units for air conditioning and an outdoor-air processing unit can be
connected to the same refrigerant line.

42

21

11/4/2014

Outdoor Air Processing Unit

Enhanced design flexibility and a significant reduction in total system costs.
Fresh air treatment and air conditioning with a single system
Fan coil units for air conditioning and an outdoor-air processing unit can be
connected to the same refrigerant line.

43

Heat Reclaim Ventilation (HRV)

Air Conditioning
Load Reduced by
Approximately 28%
VRV Indoor unit

HRV

ON/OFF signal

LCD remote
controller for
indoor unit

Cooling/Heating mode signal

Set temperature signal

Ventilation signal

Ex. air

Hot F.A.

23C 50%

35C 80%

Failure detection signal

HRV recovers heat from Exhaust air

Cooled FA

Exhaust air

27.5C 75%
44

22

11/4/2014

Future Direction

45

Future direction
Multi function
Super large
project
Integration with
applied system

Cooling/heating/
floor heating/hot
water supply
Cooling+heat
recovery for hot
water

Further HiCOP
Hi-COP
refrigerant
Revolutionary
compressor/hea
t exchanger

Optimization for
residence
Connection with
HA automation
Price optimization
by residence
concentrated
specification

VRV

Diversification
of the heat
source
Electric
Gas
Geo thermal
etc
46

23

11/4/2014

Multi function VRV

Air-conditioning

4HP 48HP

Floor heating

Hot water supply

47

VRV for cold area

10HP 20HP
2 step compression type
Hi-COP even at 20degC
48

24

11/4/2014

Ice thermal storage VRV

Ice thermal storage tank

VRV

10HP 42HP

49

CO2 VRV

10HP

50

25

11/4/2014

Gas heat pump VRV

8HP 50HP

51

Application of VRV technology on large size projects

Typical cluster details:
Size:
93,000 sqm
Average floor plate size:
Wing 1&4
2,600 sqm
Wing 2&3
3,000 sqm
Floor Levels
Wing 1&4 2 Lower Ground Floor+Ground Floor+5 Floors
Wing 2&3 2 Lower Ground Floor+Ground Floor+7 Floors

Project Detail: EON

Project Details:
SEZ Special Economic Zone project
=> VRV Biggest project
Location: Pune, India

Customer Criteria for A/C selection :

VRV III was selected for its various practical
benefits.
1.Phase wise installation and commissioning;
2.Energy Savings
3.Simplified Control and Maintenance
4.Independent AC system for each tenant

Equipment Configuration:
System Selected

VRV III (Total Capacity: 16512 HP, 928 ODU)

Refrigerant

R-410A

Outdoor Units

Heat pump types

Model

RXYQ18PY1: 896 nos.

RXYQ12PY1: 32 nos.

Indoor Units

FXFQ-MVE (Ceiling Mounted Multi Flow Cassette): 6,600 nos.

Control System

Intelligent Manager III (DAM602B51: 32 nos.)

52

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Thank you for your attention!

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