Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Ray Luna
Jim Bowen, PE
IEEE Member
GE DE Multilin
Markham, ON L6E 1 83
Canada
dave.allcock@ge.com
IEEE Member
GE DE Multilin
4418 Canonsburg
League City, TX 77573
USA
ray.luna@ge.com
IEEE Fellow
Aramco Services Company
9009 West Loop South
Houston, Texas 77096
USA
jim.bowen@aramcoservices.com
Abstract
Reacceleration is a method of automatically
restarting motors after unexpected de-acceleration caused by
system voltage events, such as, dips, outages, or bus
transfers. Reacceleration schemes are designed to minimize
process disruptions by rapid detection of supply loss,
recovery/ monitoring of acceptable transient torque limits, and
then automatic reclosure of the motor contactors.
Depending on the connected load and minimum available
fault current, the reacceleration may be 'instantaneous' or a
staged event designed to assure the bus voltage is maintained
at an acceptable level during the process restart. Poor
coordination of the reacceleration process may cause further
system outages if the nominal bus voltage drops below
tolerable levels.
Special consideration is required to prioritize loads, to
maintain production, prevent lifting of safety valves, and avert
equipment damage.
Various processes differ in their ability to withstand
temporary outages, from milliseconds (ms) to several
seconds. Today's protection and control Intelligent Electronic
Devices (lED) provide settings, dedicated measurement, and
timing circuits, to allow these variances to be pre-programmed
and activated based on outage duration and magnitude.
Outages measured ms when combined with electrically held
contactors, provide the least complex situations for enabling a
reacceleration system. More complex situations arise when
motors are still decelerating, and when the supply is restored,
especially if the contactors were maintained closed during the
outage.
Certain more advanced IEDs also provide multiple
reacceleration schemes that are automatically deployed based
on longer outages - typically up to 30 minutes.
-
I. INTRODUCTION
A.
!
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c
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:: :.!.e I
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- 216 :
III
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- 144 :!!
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VOLTAGE
MAGNITUDE
::0
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40
0
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Q.
-288 I
20
100
;;'?
where,
----'---'--.---r--r--;- -360
10
10
30
20
----Time (cycles)
40
50
B.
Is
( 3)
60
e !g 2d
e
e
If the feeder breaker opens, the tie-breaker closes in
phase, and the motor internal voltage is 30% of the bus
voltage rating, the t:,.% voltage is 70%. Squaring 70% results
in 4 9% starting torque.
Consider 30% residual voltage magnitude and 1800 out-of
phase with the system voltage, on the healthy side of the tie
breaker.
The resultant voltage would be 1 30%V with a
reacceleration torque of 1 70% (1 30% squared) of normal
starting torque. With 50% residual voltage, and 180 out-of
phases with the system voltage on the healthy side of the tie
breaker, the resultant voltage would be 150% and the
reacceleration torque would be 2 25% of rated starting torque
results. From [2], it can be seen that the transient torque
magnitude may range from 2 to 20 times the rated torque.
This indicates the importance of reviewing the motor open
circuit time constant and the need for 2 7 R relays.
=n
Xm
Rrls
where,
R s hot stator resistance
Xs stator leakage reactance
XM magnetizing reactance
Xr rotor leakage reactance, referred to stator
R r hot rotor resistance, referred to the stator
S Slip
F frequency
=
Xm +Xr
2trFRr
(1)
Vt
t
VE: - lTo
( 2)
11
between the side walls when the motors run uncoupled to the
loads. This particular motor shaft had a shoulder designed
into the motor. The shoulder permitted the motor shaft to
move back and forth about 0.5", before the step in the shaft
would touch the matching face of the bearing housing. The
pump had a large thrust bearing. The thrust bearing and the
alignment distance of the pump shaft coupling and motor
shaft, assured the motor would run in magnetic center.
A month or so later, during normal maintenance of another
motor, which happened to be fed by the same substation bus
as the failed motor, it was discovered that the shim pack set in
the gap between the motor coupling face and the pump
coupling face was shattered. The pieces of the shim pack
realigned themselves, so that the coupling was pushing the
motor shaft into the motor. When the motor was dismantled in
the shop, it was found that the motor face between the bearing
casing and the step in the shaft was badly damage. Evidently,
this appears to be the cause of the previous failure, and also,
the likely cause of the shim pack damage. When that process
unit came down, all the shim packs on similar couplings, were
replaced. A year later, during substation relay checks, it was
discovered that the 2 7 R relay was permanently dropped out,
which permitted transfers at any residual voltage on the bus.
This meant that when the transfer occurred, it subjected all of
the motors to severe transient torques. The transient torque
played major part in the failure of the shim packs in the
couplings.
Outpu t Relay
lED
Digital I nput #4
Digital I nput #3
Digital I nput #2
Digital I nput #1
90%
Power Fail Ti me
A.
B.
Transfer on Buses
VIII. REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
[ 3]
[4]
[5]
VII. CONCLUSIONS
When combined with a secondary selective or a spot
network system, reacceleration is a useful technique, enabling
process continuous operation through power system voltage
dips. However, there are several steps that must be
considered to successfully apply a reacceleration system with
modern hardware. These include:
Daugherty,
"Analysis
of
Transient
Electrical
Result
of
Power
Supply
Disturbances,"
IEEE
Transactions Power Application Society, Vol PA S-101,
pp. 2826-2836, August 1 982.
C. L. Becnel, "Maintaining Process Continuity Suring
Voltage Dip," IEEE P C I C Conference Record, 1981, pp
57-6 3.
A. R. Kelly, "Relay response to Motor Residual Voltage
During Automatic Transfers," AlEE Transaction, Vol 74,
PT I I, Application and Industry Paper 55-4 271, Sept
1 955, pp 245-252
G. W. Bottrell and L. Y. Yu, "Motor Behavior through
Power System Disturbances," IEEE P C I C Conference
Record, 1 9 7 9, pp 57-6 3.
R. E Cosse, J.E. Bowen, and S. H. Kerr, "Secondary
Selective System Residual Bus Transfer - A Modem
[6]
H.
With
R.
IX. VITA
Lubomir Sevov earned his M. Sc. degree from Technical
University of Sofia, Bulgaria in 1 9 90. After graduation, he
worked for six years as a protection and control engineer for
National Electric Company ( NE C) Bulgaria. Mr. Sevov joined
GE Multilin in 1 9 98 as a test design engineer, and shortly after
he was promoted to an applications engineer. He currently
works as a senior applications engineer in the research and
development of new protection and control devices. Mr.
Sevov has been involved in the design and application of GE
universal family ( U R) of relays, and in the design of new
industrial relays. Mr. Sevov authored and co-authored more
than 15 papers, and presented at numerous protective relay
conferences. He is a member of the association of
professional engineers Ontario, Canada, and an IEEE Senior
Member.
James E. Bowen earned a B SEE degree, from Texas A&M
University, in 1 9 76. After working for S IP Engineering, as a
Power Engineer, for three years, he joined Exxon Chemicals
in 1 9 7 9. His duties included maintenance, project design,
construction
follow-up,
and
commissioning
for
the
petrochemical and cogeneration processes.
In 1 9 9 7, Mr. Bowen joined Powell Electrical Manufacturing
Company, as the Technical Director, where he provided
leadership in the design development of MV switchgear and
circuit breakers. In 2009, Jim accepted the position of Vice
President of Advanced Technical Services, at Dashiell
Corporation, where he advanced the concepts of safety by
design into the high voltage substation. In 2010, Jim accepted
a position with Aramco Services Co. as Power System
Technologist.
His current role includes investigating
technologies that can be applied by Aramco to improve safety,
reliability and profitability. Mr. Bowen presented at numerous
technical seminars for the IEEE Houston Section's Continuing
Education on Demand. He is a Professional Engineer in the
state of Texas, and a newly elected Fellow Engineer of IEEE.