Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
com/locate/ynimg
NeuroImage 40 (2008) 1362 1368
Research Centre Jlich, Institute of Neurosciences and Biophysics (INB-3), Jlich, Germany
Brain Imaging Center West (BICW), Jlich, Germany
c
C. & O. Vogt Institut fr Hirnforschung, Heinrich-Heine Universitt, Dsseldorf, Germany
d
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
b
Introduction
In verbal fluency tasks participants are required to produce
words according to a given criterion. Typical examples for verbal
fluency tasks are the generation of words of a particular semantic
category (e.g. animals; semantic fluency) or with a given letter or
sound (e.g. words starting with F; phonological fluency). The
Corresponding author. Research Centre Jlich, Institute of Neurosciences and Biophysics, 52425 Jlich, Germany. Fax: +49 2461 61 2820.
E-mail address: s.heim@fz-juelich.de (S. Heim).
Available online on ScienceDirect (www.sciencedirect.com).
1053-8119/$ - see front matter 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.01.009
1363
1364
Fig. 2. Speaking during scanning: A bunched-early EPI sequence was used for
the acquisition of the fMRI data. All slices were recorded in the first 1.04
seconds of the TR, resulting in a silent period of 0.96 seconds in the second half
of the TR. During this silent period, the participants generated the words. The
speech signal is clearly discernable, since it is not obscured by the scanner noise.
1365
Table 2
Localisation of the peak activations in the differential contrasts of the verbal
fluency tasks (at pcorr b.05 SVC for Broca's region, k N 10 voxels)
Coordinates
Contrast
BAcyto
Tmax
Semantic N Syntactic
Syntactic N Semantic
Semantic N Phonological
Phonological N Semantic
Syntactic N Phonological
Phonological N Syntactic
44
44
50
50
10
21
23
n.s.
n.s.
n.s.
6.93
n.s.
5.16
For details see the legend of Table 1. Further abbreviation: n.s., not significant.
fMRI data
The brain activation effects in Broca's region for contrasting each
single verbal fluency task against the resting baseline are displayed in
Fig. 3 (top row) and listed in Table 1 (all pcorr b.05 are FWE-corrected
for the search volume of BA 44 and BA 45, k N 10 voxels). Semantic
fluency elicited activation in the left cytoarchitectonic BA 44
(maximum cytoarchitectonic probability: 60%) and BA 45 (maximum
Table 1
MNI coordinates and T value (Tmax) at the local activation maxima in the
contrasts of each fluency task against the resting baseline (pcorr b.05 are
family-wise error corrected for the search volume of BA 44 and BA 45)
Coordinates
Contrast
BAcyto
Tmax
Semantic N Rest
44
45
44
45
44
45
44
45
52
44
52
44
52
44
52
44
2
26
2
26
6
28
2
28
23
25
23
25
23
23
23
23
8.30
5.55
8.00
6.39
8.76
5.61
8.00
5.49
Syntactic N Rest
Phonological N Rest
Conjunction analysis
1366
1367
Table 3
Activations in the semantic and phonological fluency tasks in the left
hemisphere (Pcorr b.05 whole-brain are FWE-corrected)
Region
Tmax
Semantic N Rest
Postcentral gyrus
Cerebellum
Precentral gyrus
Caudate nuclues
Insula
Temporal pole
Inferior frontal gyrus
Fusiform gyrus
Middle temporal gyrus
Inferior frontal gyrus
Superior temporal gyrus
46
14
52
16
34
48
46
30
58
42
60
10
58
4
10
16
6
8
2
30
26
24
41
17
25
21
5
13
7
43
5
25
5
13.12
11.43
10.14
8.62
7.89
6.53
6.40
6.26
5.61
5.57
5.40
Phonological N Rest
Postcentral gyrus
Cerebellum
Precentral gyrus
Caudate nuclues
Insula lobe
Inferior frontal gyrus
Temporal pole
Inferior frontal gyrus
Putamen
Pallidum
Fusiform gyrus
48
16
50
14
34
48
48
40
18
50
30
10
58
0
0
16
8
6
28
6
6
2
41
19
45
17
5
7
13
23
9
5
43
12.20
10.27
9.46
8.53
7.93
7.34
5.89
5.84
5.43
5.34
5.27
Acknowledgments
This Human Brain Project/Neuroinformatics research is funded
by the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke,
and the National Institute of Mental Health (KA). Further support
by Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft (VH-N6-012 to KA) and the Brain
Imaging Center West (BMBF 01GO0204) is gratefully acknowledged. We thank N. Jon Shah for the support of the NMR group at
the INB-3 during fMRI data acquisition, in particular Barbara
Elghahwagi for her assistance with fMRI data recording. More-
1368
Hagoort, P., 2005. On Broca, brain, and binding: a new framework. Trends
Cogn. Sci. 9, 416423.
Heim, S., Opitz, B., Friederici, A.D., 2002. Broca's area in the human brain
is involved in the selection of grammatical gender for language
production: evidence from event-related functional magnetic resonance
imaging. Neurosci. Lett. 328, 101104.
Heim, S., Opitz, B., Mller, K., Friederici, A.D., 2003. Phonological processing
during language production: fMRI evidence for a shared productioncomprehension network. Brain Res. Cogn. Brain Res. 16, 285296.
Heim, S., Amunts, K., Mohlberg, H., Wilms, M., Friederici, A.D., 2006a.
Head motion during overt language production in functional magnetic
resonance imaging. Neuroreport 17, 579582.
Ischebeck, A., Heim, S., Siedentopf, C., Zamarian, L., Schocke, M.,
Kremser, C., Egger, K., Strenge, H., Scheperjans, F., Delazer, M.,
in press. Are numbers special? Comparing the generation of verbal
materials from ordered categories (months) to numbers and other
categories (animals) in an fMRI study. Hum. Brain Mapp. (Electronic
publication ahead of print). doi:10.1002/hbm.20433.
Kan, I.P., Thompson-Schill, S.L., 2004. Effect of name agreement on
prefrontal activity during overt and covert picture naming. Cogn. Affect.
Behav. Neurosci. 4, 4357.
Levelt, W.J., Roelofs, A., Meyer, A.S., 1999. A theory of lexical access in
speech production. Behav. Brain Sci. 22, 138 discussion 3875.
Lotsof, E.J., 1953. Intelligence, Verbal Fluency, and the Rorschach Test.
J. Consult. Psychol. 17, 2124.
Monsch, A.U., Bondi, M.W., Butters, N., Salmon, D.P., Katzman, R., Thal,
L.J., 1992. Comparisons of verbal fluency tasks in the detection of
dementia of the Alzheimer type. Arch. Neurol. 49, 12531258.
Noesselt, T., Shah, N.J., Jncke, L., 2003. Top-down and bottom-up
modulation of language related areasan fMRI study. BMC Neurosci.
4, 13.
Poldrack, R.A., Wagner, A.D., Prull, M.W., Desmond, J.E., Glover, G.H.,
Gabrieli, J.D., 1999. Functional specialization for semantic and
phonological processing in the left inferior prefrontal cortex. Neuroimage 10, 1535.
Price, C.J., Friston, K.J., 1997. Cognitive Conjunction: a new approach to
brain activation experiments. Neuroimage 5, 261270.
Rogers, C.A., 1953. The structure of verbal fluency. Br. J. Psychol. 44, 368380.
Schleicher, A., Amunts, K., Geyer, S., Morosan, P., Zilles, K., 1999. Observerindependent method for microstructural parcellation of cerebral cortex: A
quantitative approach to cytoarchitectonics. Neuroimage 9, 165177.
Snyder, H.R., Feigenson, K., Thompson-Schill, S.L., 2007. Prefrontal
Cortical Response to Conflict during Semantic and Phonological Tasks.
J. Cogn. Neurosci. 19, 761775.
Szatkowska, I., Grabowska, A., Szymanska, O., 2000. Phonological and
semantic fluencies are mediated by different regions of the prefrontal
cortex. Acta Neurobiol. Exp. (Wars) 60, 503508.
Thompson-Schill, S.L., D'Esposito, M., Aguirre, G.K., Farah, M.J., 1997.
Role of left inferior prefrontal cortex in retrieval of semantic knowledge:
a reevaluation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 94, 1479214797.
Vigneau, M., Beaucousin, V., Herve, P.Y., Duffau, H., Crivello, F., Houde,
O., Mazoyer, B., Tzourio-Mazoyer, N., 2006. Meta-analyzing left
hemisphere language areas: phonology, semantics, and sentence
processing. Neuroimage 30, 14141432.
Zatorre, R.J., Evans, A.C., Meyer, E., Gjedde, A., 1992. Lateralization of
phonetic and pitch discrimination in speech processing. Science 256,
846849.
Zilles, K., Schleicher, A., Palomero-Gallagher, N., Amunts, K., 2002.
Quantitative analysis of cyto- and receptor architecture of the human
brain. In: Mazziotta Toga, J., Toga, A. (Eds.), Brain Mapping, the
methods. Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 573602.
Zurowski, B., Gostomzyk, J., Gron, G., Weller, R., Schirrmeister, H.,
Neumeier, B., Spitzer, M., Reske, S.N., Walter, H., 2002. Dissociating
a common working memory network from different neural substrates
of phonological and spatial stimulus processing. Neuroimage 15,
4557.