Power Substation Guides

Power Substations HV/MV/LV Guides

Electricity generation
An electrical substation is a subsidiary station of an electricity generation,
transmission and distribution system where voltage is transformed from high to low or
the reverse using transformers. Electric power may flow through several substations
between generating plant and consumer, and may be changed in voltage in several
steps.
A substation that has a step-up transformer increases the voltage while decreasing the
current, while a step-down transformer decreases the voltage while increasing the
current for domestic and commercial distribution. The word substation comes from the
days before the distribution system became a grid.
The first substations were connected to only one power station where the generator
was housed, and were subsidiaries of that power station.

Equipment in substation

Substations generally have switching, protection and control equipment and one or
more transformers. In a large substation, circuit breakers are used to interrupt any
short-circuits or overload currents that may occur on the network. Smaller distribution
stations may use recloser circuit breakers or fuses for protection of distribution circuits.
Substations do not usually have generators, although a power plant may have a
substation nearby.
Other devices such as power factor correction capacitors and voltage regulators may
also be located at a substation.
Substations may be on the surface in fenced enclosures, underground, or located in
special-purpose buildings.
High-rise buildings may have several indoor substations. Indoor substations are usually
found in urban areas to reduce the noise from the transformers, for reasons of
appearance, or to protect switchgear from extreme climate or pollution conditions.
Where a substation has a metallic fence, it must be properly grounded (UK: earthed) to
protect people from high voltages that may occur during a fault in the network. Earth
faults at a substation can cause a ground potential rise. Currents flowing in the Earths
surface during a fault can cause metal objects to have a significantly different voltage
than the ground under a persons feet; this touch potential presents a hazard of
electrocution.
All documents, EE software and EE books are free to download.

Guides
Description

No.
1

Answering Substation Automation Questions Through Fault Tree

Analysis

Applying an Ethernet LAN in a Substation

Power Plant Accoustic

Power Transformer Maintenance And Acceptance Testing

Selecting Energy Efficient Distribution Transformers

MV-LV transformer substations theory and examples of short-circuit

calculation

Electric Power Substations Engineering

Implementation of IEC61850 in a Substation Environment

Design Guide for Rural Substations

10

Power plant acoustics

Download

11

Guide To Forms Of Separation In Low-Voltage SwitchGear and

ControlGear

12

Guide To Forms Of Separation In LV SwitchGear and ControlGear

UPDATED!

13

Factory Acceptance Test (FAT) procedure

14

Best Practice Manual For Transformers

15

Schneider Electric Low Voltage Switchboard Inspection

Guide

16

Difference Between Switchgear and Switchboard

17

Protection of Electrical Networks

18

Technical Guideline For Interconnection Of Generators To The

Distribution System

19

Power transformer testing procedures

20

Electric Power Applications, Engine and Generator Sizing

21

Megger Fault Finding Solutions

22

Electric Distribution Load Characteristics

23

Power Plant Practices to Ensure Cable Operability

23

Substation Design Application Guide

24

XLPE Underground Cable Systems

25

Guidlines for substation service inspection & condition

monitoring

26

Using of Latched Contactors to Switch Transformers

27

INSTRUCTIONS Installation, Operation, and Maintenance of

Medium Power Substation Transformers

28

Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) Types

29

High Voltage Techniques Course

30

Real-time Monitoring and assessment of CB operations for

diagnostics and control applications

31

Capacitor Application Issues

32

Medium Voltage Switching Devices Selection for application and

purpose

33

Preventive maintenance and reliability of LV overcurrent protective

devices

34

ABB SF6 or Vacuum MV Circuit Breaker?

35

Why Is Arc Detection Important?

36

DC Transmission and Distribution

36

Underground Power Transmission Lines

37

Test Guide for Cast Resin Dry Type Transformer TRIHAL

38

Low Voltage Switchgear and Controlgear Technical Document

(Allen-Bradley)

39

Transformer Differential Protection Scheme With Internal Faults

Detection Algorithm

40

Grounding Systems

41

Insulator Pollution In Transmission Lines

42

Transformers Basics, Maintenance and Diagnostics

43

Guidelines For Earthing In Maritime Installations Norwegian

Electrical Safety Directorate

44

Fixed or withdrawable MV switchgear?

45

Power System Earthing Guide

46

Ground Fault Protection Technical Guide

47

Introduction to IEC 61439 A new standard on Switchgear and

Controlgear Assemblies

48

Commissioning of HT Electrical System

49

Electrical design of the on-site generation system

50

Safety operations on medium voltage switchgear

51

Mitigate The Magnetic Field Exposure Near Transformer Substation

52

General Technical Specification For 220kV SF6 Gas Insulated Metal

Enclosed Switchgear (GIS)

53

Measuring Earth Resistance

54

National Electrical Code design considerations as applied to Utility

Substations

55

A Practical Guide To Earth Resistance Testing

56

Load Shedding For Utility and Industrial Power System Reliability

57

Energy Transmission and Distribution Guide

58

Improving safety on ageing switchgear

59

Technical Considerations in the Specification and Design of LV

Switchboards

60

The 21st Century Substation Design

61

Switchgear and Motor Control Centres in Oil, Gas and Petrochemical

Industry

62

Low voltage switchgear and controlgear application guide for

electrical engineers

63

Static Analysis of Power Systems