TOPIC 1: PRIMARY SCHOOL CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT

*Concept of Classroom Management

An effective classroom management contributes to higher academic achievement

Classroom management as the organization and teacher control over behaviour
(Richard, 1990)

Effective classroom management will help achieve the following goals:

encourage appropriate student behavior

forming a positive learning environment
Interpersonal relationships between teachers and pupils
use the time allocated for optimal learning
increase student participation in the teaching and learnping
reduce discipline problems
Effective management of routine
pupils learn to control and manage themselves

An orderly classroom depends on the teacher skills to prevent problems from occurring
rather than solve the problems that have occurred. it requires a skilled teacher and capable
of solving the various problems that have occurred. The main factor in managing an
effective classroom management are:

careful planning
teachers need to manage and control the execution of their plans
reflection to determine the strengths and weaknesses of teaching and learning that
has been implemented

The knowledge about the needs of students

Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs (aesthetic, knowledge, self-perfection, selfesteem, love, safety and physiological) <- from above downwards
physiology and psychology of academic knowledge: understand the objectives of teaching
participate actively in the learning process
interact positively with peers
learning related with students' daily lives and interests
time to complete assignments or interact
experience success
timely feedback and realistic

Classroom Management
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

plan
manage
control
reflection
teacher-student relationship

*The characteristic of effective teachers in classroom management is that teachers

are able to:

effectively manage a classroom

creating an environment
to students interested in anything they have learned and always do their best
use teaching and learning time efficiently

*Three aspects of effective teachers:

1. personal qualities
2. teaching and learning competency
3. disposition and moral practice
Effective teachers (warm, friendly, caring, calm, witty, creative, spontaneous, flexible etc.)
teachers who are not effective (quick-tempered, not optimistic, pessimistic, autocratic, no
effort, hardcore)
Competencyin T&L that need to be fostered by effective teachers are as follows:
1. The content of the subjects:
-Covers more than facts, common terms and concepts.
Example: The effective teacher will try to acquire knowledge and skills of how to take the
idea and create a docking between the idea, thinking skills and argument, the pattern of
changes contained in a single discipline, and the ability to move ideas from one discipline to
another discipline.
2. Teaching strategies
-Along with the use of a constructivist approach in the process of P & P
Example: The effective teacher will give emphasis to the collaboration between students in
their efforts to study and understand Themselves.
-Along with the use of constructivist approaches in process R & D
Example: Teachers will emphasize effective collaboration between students in their pursuit of
knowledge, and understand themselves.
3. Goal setting and planning skills teaching.
The teacher will provide effective adequate time and effort in ensuring the implementation of
the teaching is in line with the planning and AIMS achieved.
At the same time, he will make a reflection to get feedback and improve teaching in order to
get better, pulling in next time.

Classroom management skills

It is one aspect of an effective teacher.The abilitity to create a learning environment which is

conducive to forming joint regulation pupils, monitor classroom activities, and dealing with
student behavior problems.

Motivational skills

An effective teacher must have specific strategies to foster self-motivation of its students
through the education provided opportunities and educational experiences provided in
accordance with the interests and goals and abilities.

Communication skills

Include verbal and non-verbal.

The teacher who practice the principles of effective speaking together and not to the
students, parents, administrators, and others. More effective teachers also keep criticism to
a minimum, have assertive communication style nature than aggressive, manipulative or
passive, and the latter strive to improve children communication skills through training,
practice and so on.

Technology skills

Effective teachers should master the technological skills in line with current developments in
science and technology and thus integrate technology in teaching and learning process in
the classroom as well as the diversification of multi-media as a tool support.

TOPIC 2: ROLE OF TEACHER IN CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT

Introduction
Teacher played a guiding role, coordinator or facilitator.

Conducive learning environment

Where students are able to engage, participate and concentrate on learning
1. The physical environment
order and physical design in the classroom
resources and learning materials
living / learning corner
space on the wall
lighting, ventilation and furniture
hygiene
2. Psychosocial environment
comfortable and friendly atmosphere
free from the threat of physical danger
feeling accepted
sensitive and responsive to individual differences
a stimulating learning environment
establish open communication and encourages the sharing of ideas
encourage cooperative learning
equal opportunities for all pupils
3. Classroom rules and routines (is being informed of acceptable behavior in the classroom
performance)
sentence must be simple and clear rules
means preferably formed rules and agreed to by the students in the classroom and
will be more effective if the teacher with the students formulate
limit the number of rules
fair rules and to assist the learning process
in accordance with school rules and do not conflict with

Management of classroom assessment

a. Two Processes

Measurement - use a tool to collect quantitative or information value individual

achievement.
ASSESSMENT - the process of making decisions based on the result of the
measurement.

b. Effective assessment has two features:

validity - the extent to which the tool is used to measure meets the objective or
measure things that should be measured
reliability - refers to the consistency of the test or the extent to which the same test
can give the same results if administered several times in different time.

c. Two forms of assessment

Formative - before and during teaching. aims to track the progress of students and
the extent to which instructional objectives achieved
Summative - implemented end of the semester or term to obtain the achievement of
students and aimed to giving grades and certificates

d. Efficient assessment can enhance student motivation and learning. Students are
motivated to give attention and do more if they know to be evaluated.
e. Inefficient assessment can discourage students to learn, creating dissatisfaction, lack of
motivation and behavior problems possible
Test preparation and examination process

the frequency of test in one term or semester

the date of the test and examination
drafting questions test
each test length of time
test or examination must be fair and should be formed based on the knowledge or
skills that have been taught
test questions should include the level of thinking than level of knowledge
discuss with teachers of other subjects
students informed about the test (initial preparation)
familiarize students with the format of the test or examination

Administration of the test or examination (steps)

provide a comfortable environment

allow students in early to class and take their seats
students should be ready 10 minutes earlier. 10 minutes is used to give orders or
rules
record students' attendance during tests / exams
administrative examination and testing has an impact on students' attitudes

Information Resources Management Students

a. parents must fill STUDENT INFORMATION FORM it is intended to help school-related
student affairs management.

information of parent / guardian

liability of parent / guardian
student information
aid received information student
Personal data storage pupils

b. school record card of primary school pupils 001R

classroom teachers record book

book report
student attendance book

TOPIC 3: ROLE OF TEACHER IN CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT

Introduction

student teacher relationships influence the development of students' learning and

performance
positive relationship between the teacher - students can enhance effective
communication between the two sides

Relationship Building Teachers - Students

Effective communication necessary between the teacher - student to jointly achieve

the objectives of p & p
teachers need to constantly monitor the students and sensitive to the difficulties that
they
teachers need to understand the problems faced by students
Effective communication will improve student performance
respectful and sensitive teachers and students but at the same time firm and set
certain limits to be respected by pupils
create a democratic atmosphere in the classroom
teachers and students together to share responsibility in the classroom

The importance of building a relationship teacher - student

a. for teachers

raise teacher motivation and morale

pupils more easily controlled
favorable impact on teaching
improve the image of the teacher

b. for pupils

students more interested in learning

students to cooperate more with the teacher
improving student academic achievement
students more motivated to learn

The factors that influence the relationship between teacher - student

appearance and body language teacher

show a good example
learning environment in the classroom

Strategies to build positive relationships teacher - pupil

remember the names of students and pupils call their name

inculcate patriotism class / classroom

distribute responsibility
set realistic expectations
show concern
enter kecindanan element in communication

Caring cultural practices

i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.

respectful
authentic
emotional integrity concerns
promote emotional integrity among students
a culture of caring strategies
apply the elements concerned
build a sense of togetherness and belonging in the classroom
respect
teacher is committed to building a culture of caring among students

Classroom dynamics
Dynamics of the classroom is when a peer group can propel its members act in accordance
with the same goals, divided into:

group dynamics
- can be identified by the study sosiometri
study sosiometri
- help teachers see friendship patterns / groups in the classroom
spread
- characteristic or behavior that followed the dynamics of the group members and
have an influence on other group members

The factors that shape the dynamics of the group

gender
religion / race
socioeconomic status

Teacher's role in the dynamics of the group

identify the dynamics of the form

attention to those who exit
use the power transmission
mentoring groups forming the desired characteristics
teacher as head of the classroom dynamics

TOPIC 4: MANAGEMENT OF CLASSROOM DISCIPLINE

Introduction
Knowledge of the discipline of management models and methods of implementation may be
used as a guide by teachers in the classroom effectively manage

Concept Of Classroom Discipline

Discipline is a set of rules that apply to students to control and get the desired behavior
Discipline Management Model

Behaviour Modification (Skinner)

Assertive Discipline (Canter)
Logical Consequences (Dreikurs)
Group Management (Kounin)
Reality Therapy (Glasser)

A. Behaviour Modification Model (BF Skinner)

a. using the principles of reinforcement using external elements to enhance the desired
behavior
b. there are two types of reinforcement

positive-reward reinforcement, praise, merit dsbg (increase desired student behavior)

negative reinforcement-magazines, comic released so that the students again
showed the desired behavior.

c. different reinforcement with fines

d. periodic reinforcement
Advantages and disadvantages of this model

fast results but did not last long

better meet the needs of essentric motivation depends on the element of
remuneration
in the long term this can lead to motive student change
student are more excited about getting rewards than knowledge

B. Assertive Discipline Model (Canter)

based reinforcement of desired behavior and acceptance of students as a result

of the behavior shown
Canter emphasizes on the rights of teachers and students in classroom
management. students' rights to learn in a conducive classroom environment and
the rights of teachers to teach without interruption. the regulatory authorities need
to ensure smooth classroom activities

classroom management should be done in assertiveness (confident and

assertive). provide appropriate reinforcement for desired behavior.

There are three types of teacher

aggressive teachers: more autocratic nature, showing the power and do not
tolerate
teacher who are not assertive: a passive approach, consistent swordfish and
misleading.
assertive teacher: clear with management goals, confident and decisive in setting
the rules. at the same time, assertive teachers care and be fair to all students
Explanatory measures classroom management plan
explanation regulation
how to implement regulations
Check for student understanding
inform about benefits
a description of corrective actions
means that corrective action is
Check for student understanding
Way to impose corrective action on students
acting calmly
consistent
provide reinforcement for desired behavior
give students the opportunity to express themselves
reprimand directly to primary pupils
individual asks for a more adult students
Problematic students
must be dealt with prudently
most difficult to deal with but need the most attention
student teachers need to gain their trust, pay attention and try to interact with
students

C. Logical Consequences Model (Dreikurs)

emphasizes the importance of trust and responsibility of the teacher to give the
students together to maintain discipline in the classroom.
teachers need to identify the causes of misconduct. students should be taught to
understand the rules in the classroom
students need to be trained for self-regulation on the management of classroom
discipline.
pupils and teachers together to share the responsibility in the management of
classroom discipline that democracy should be applied

Problematic behavior stems from the following motives:

get attention
challenging power
revenge
exhibit lack

Effective means of communication to deal with teacher misconduct

communicate positive things
grumpy increase student
identify student weaknesses
learn from mistakes
believe the ability of the student
work
proud of the achievement of students
optimistic
encourage and motivate

D. Group Management (Kounin)

emphasis on careful monitoring and supervision of teachers in classroom

management
teachersshould be capable to regulate and supervise the activities of more than one
classroom at a time. teachers' ability to do two actions at one time called the overlap
wave effect (ripple effect) the effect of reprimand or action of the teacher to a pupil
who is guilty of misconduct. wave effects will be more effective if the teacher makes
the action with clear, decisive and serious
teachers should monitor the classroom at all times
smoothness and implementation activities necessary for good classroom
management. teachers should avoid descriptions that flick, which repeat the things
that are not necessary and do fragmentation

fragmentation occurs when the teacher broke the small units that can be carried out
while the subject as a whole
momentum of good teaching will help students to be prepared to engage in activities
of p & p
momentum refers to a situation in which the teacher starts teaching smoothly make
the transition between teaching and learning activities in an efficient and made the
cover of today's lesson concludes with effective

E. Reality Therapy (Glasser)

a. the primary basis for this model is that each behavior shown by the individual based on
the choices made
b. choices made by individuals based on their basic needs
c. according to Glasser, behavioral problems in the classroom as a result of the students are
bored or dissatisfied with the expectations of the teacher in the classroom, an impending
environmental causes students fail to meet their basic needs at school.
d. basic needs

love
have the power and control
freedom
fun

e. model of reality therapy is a counseling technique to help individuals explore desires

themselves, to reflect on what is being done and make plans tent; ang their real needs in the
future
f. through reality therapy, teachers can:

help students identify consequences of behavior shown

reality check result or selected by students
submit implementation plans to help students manage behavior
act as mentors students

g. reality therapy to help students recognize the reality of life in meeting the needs know that
they were in accordance with regulations.
Quality curriculum

will improve the quality of education

curriculum begins with effective planning, teaching beginning motivate students,
student-centered discussion and provide opportunities for students to understand
and explore the taught

The quality of teaching

quiet classroom environment conducive

teachers should be more of a mentor is not a director
assignments p & p to the students on the daily life

provide an incentive for students to give their best

provide opportunities for pupils to evaluate their own work and improve

The guiding teacher will:

understand student
providing teaching and learning activities fun
discuss with students
encouraging pupils to explore p & p
provide effective teaching aids
demonstrate the best methods to get the learning outcomes

Build quality classroom

habits - avoid bad habits instead of adopting habits that can maintain good relations
messages to convey a message to the students the desire and erection
build relationships with student teachers
classroom rules
avoid using external controls such as punitive, direct or threaten students when there
is a problem
knowledge
competency
quality
evaluation
understand and use

TOPIC 5: DISCIPLINARY PROBLEMS AND PROBLEMATIC BEHAVIOR (MISBEHAVIOUR)

IN THE CLASSROOM.
Types Of Discipline Problems
Definition discipline

discipline related to one's behavior.

discipline can be described as
- training
- compliance
- control
discipline shall not be construed as punishment, negative punishment and teach
children things they should not do

recommend a school in Malaysia to emphasize the concept of discipline means

discipline and prevent behavior problems from occurring in the classroom so that
teaching and learning can be implemented smoothly

Kind of discipline in the classroom

Teachers' instructions, including rules & routines

peer instruction
command assignments
yourself

The type of discipline problems

fight
hit
steal
threaten friend / teacher
neatness themselves
skipping class

Discipline problems that are disruptive

do not pay attention, disturbing friends, bercaap, eating and sleeping in class
leave the classroom without permission
late in class
not bring an exercise book / text
show rudeness to teachers
bullying
loitering, running, screaming in the corridor

Neatness problems themselves

do not wear badges, signs nama.stoking

long nails
hair color
long hair boys

Problematic BEHAVIOR IN THE CLASSROOM

less attention
hyperactive
Reserved
sensitive
apathy (do not care the instructions of the teacher)
delays and nonchalant attitude
talkative
interfere friends
bullying
lie
cheating

creating chaos in the classroom

impolite
steal
damage to property
irritability and aggression

Reasons/Causes For Problems Caused Discipline And Conduct Problem

pupils
teacher
school
background of pupils

Teacher's role in reducing discipline problems and delinquent behavior in the classroom

plan
use a variety of methods and techniques
confident
interested and concerned about the students
role model
fair
clear communication
provide guidance and feedback
calm in dealing with problems in the classroom

TOPIC 6: MANAGEMENT OF DISCIPLINARY PROBLEMS IN THE CLASSROOM

Concept Of Classroom Management Discipline Problems

any form must mendisiplinakan students toward the goal to bring students
the offenses committed in the classroom can fundamentally be handled through
nonverbal reprimand, remove or change the behavior of the rhythm p & p

Discipline management cycle

plan
prepare a management plan, structure the organization and the approach to be used
implement and manage
monitoring and reflection

Action Roles And Operating Current Teacher Classroom Discipline Problems

a. teacher acts as a guide
b. when the teacher is not able to address and resolve the problem could be referred to a
school counselor or school discipline committee
c. recommendations for addressing discipline:

do not panic and do not act recklessly

avoid challenging pupils
review the way teaching
do not handle discipline problems beyond the control of private
discuss with other teachers who are more skilled
follow school disciplinary culture

Obstacles To Classroom Management Discipline Problems

parental relationship
peer influence
classroom environment
the development of problem pupils
unexpected misconduct

Coping Intervention In Discipline

Pastoral Care
Guidance And Counseling
Behavior Modification Techniques

A. Pastoral Care

It is a form of guidance given by the teacher to look after the welfare of his students.
design guidance covers vast areas and issues such as health, social, religious and
moral education, behavior management and emotional support for students.

B. Guidance and counseling

a. mentoring is a process designed by teachers to help pupils learn and become aware of
their abilities and weaknesses and help students adapt to the environment.
b. Counseling is a process in which the teacher counselors help students understand the
real person
c. objective guidance and counseling: -

identify potential students

build self-management skills
problem-solving skills
behavior management
develop pupils
self-assessment

d. counseling principles:

for all students

volunteer students need to be guided
students are responsible for their own development
guidance is the prevention
use of basic counseling skills
comprehensive assistance
open

e. ethical guidance

respect for students and no element of discrimination

confidentiality of student
responsible
f. coaching skills
give attention
active listening skills
empathy skills

C. Behavior modification techniques

a. using the principles of reinforcement

behavior is influenced by the result

behavior can be formed, maintained, edified or undermined
act based on the behavior that is rewarded will be repeated while not rewarded
disposed
positive reinforcement (reward) is more effective than fines

b. system structured behavior modification

behavior contract system

token system

c. self-management intervention plan student behavior

set student behavior

give awareness to students
realistic goals
discuss the consequences
Self management system architecture
teachers monitor. provide opportunities for students to manage
assessment. change if necessary

TOPIC 7: CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT OF AN INCLUSIVE CLASSROOM

Categories Of Children With Special Needs
1. mental retardation
2. sensory impairment problems
a. physical disability
cerebral palsy
musculor dystrophy
spina bifida
seizures (epilepsy)
b. vision problems
c. hearing problems

d. communication problems

language problems
speech problems

3. learning disabilities
difficulty reading
trouble writing
counting problems
communication problems
3. dyslexia
4. diskalkulia
5. disgrafia
6. autistic (autism)
7. late development
8. hyperactivity (ADHD and ADD)
9. gifted or talented
10. emotional and behavioral problems

Aspects that should be considered are: a. effective classroom management, which includes the physical aspects of classroom
management, student behavior, routines, rules and procedures as well as effective
instruction
b. knowledge and skills of a variety of instructional strategies to meet students' different
keprluan
c. assess the ability of a student required skills
d. set appropriate learning objectives and realistic
e. modify activities and exercises in the classroom in order to take into account the
needs and abilities of students who are at different levels of concepts of the class
f. structuring the learning environment in order to stimulate students
g. using strategies such as peer coaching and cooperative learning to promote
collaboration between students in the classroom
h. emphasized the importance of peer respect
i. appreciate the differences among individuals
j. have high expectations of students' abilities to succeed
k. build a good relationship and partnership with parents, other teachers and special
education teachers in order to understand the best way to help and meet the needs
of students.
classroom management with special needs students need teachers who can form a
sense of community among students embrace diversity and build an environment
that will pay attention and respond to individual needs.

TOPIC 8: PLANNING AN EFFECTIVE CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT

Pattern Of Effective Classroom Management

pupils have differences in terms of goals, abilities and personality. teachers should
consider these factors to create an environment and effective classroom
management
noteworthy class arrangement. examples of weak students put together clever but if
mistaken student planning a clever students will bully the weak pupils
lot of things that happen outside of the pipeline. LCD model is damaged, the lawn
mower noise and so on.
therefore, teachers need strong planning, taking into account various angles
conducive learning environment should take into account elements such as physical,
emotional and social

Cooperation

require understanding between the two sides. collaboration between teachers and
students will strengthen the relationship between the two

collaboration elements can be applied when selecting teaching aids, performance

expectations, objectives p & p, building contracts and travel behavior classroom

The goal of classroom management

The main goal of classroom management is to maintain a positive classroom

environment, conducive and productive
three elements to consider: a. time management
b. learning opportunities
c. Self management

Positive classroom environment

a. positive classroom environment can be achieved when students through the learning
process well.
b. students feel relaxed, fun and motivated to learn
c. routines and classroom rules

classroom routine
regulation
result

d. learning space planning

learning planning is the planning of physical space in the classroom

learning space including private space for students, space for activities and space for
learning materials

Maintaining effective environments for learning

encourage student participation

preventive measures

a. students and teachers continue to monitor the activities occurring simultaneously

b. students should be aware of the teacher constantly monitor their
c. teachers to plan and coordinate activities effectively

Effective communication

Features Of Effective Classroom

democratic atmosphere in the classroom

teachers need to take responsibility as an educator and facilitator
raise environment of mutual trust and mutual respect
teacher must believe every student has the ability to achieve success
teacher should show a good example and role model to follow

make the classroom a fun and safe place for students

teachers to show their love and passion for teaching and educating students
individual-based learning
has a togetherness semnagat
practice effective communication in the classroom

Steps Of Preparation Of Classroom Management Plan That Works

a. two main things that need to be considered by the teacher in planning learning
environments and communities is desired student
b. set the learning environment is to develop and maintain a learning environment and
maintain a learning environment of the classroom so that effectively occur
c. specify the type of community is to nurture and educate students to behave muird to
contribute to a conducive learning environment
d. three steps in plans

plan
layout
practice

Process of building a plan for classroom management

teaching component
prevention component
correction component
component support
components of the physical environment

Implement a management plan on the first day of school mutual agreement