BAHIRDAR UNIVERSITY

EiTEX
Course: Textile Management Technology.
Seminar presentation on: Textile Printing Machine
COURSE MANAGER: prof. Kathervilu

PREPARED BY
ZEBIDER ZENAWI
ID- MSC/TVET/011/2005
January 2015

Introduction
Technically printing can be an art form
and a technical process.
It is the application of color to a textile
material in a design or pattern.
Technically, printing can be considered
as localized dyeing.
In textile printing, each different color or
print paste is opaque and placed on the
fabric individually.

CONT
Textile printing is related to
dyeing but in dyeing properly the
whole fabric is uniformly covered
with one color,
whereas in printing one or more
colors are applied to it in certain
parts only, and in sharply defined
patterns.

printing have several stages to

prepare the fabric
pre-treatment of fabric,
preparation of colors,
preparation of printing paste,
impression of paste on fabric using printing
methods,
drying of fabric,
fixing the printing with steam or hot air (for
pigments),
after process treatments.

Types of Printing Processes

screen printing
Flat bed screen printing
Rotary screen printing
Engraved

roller printing
Heat transfer printing
Digital printing

Screen-printing
Today, the most popular industrial textile
printing techniques.
Two types exist:
flat bed screen printing and
rotary screen printing.
A blade (squeegee) squeezes the printing
paste through openings in the screen onto the
fabric.

flat bed screen printing

Today, the most popular industrial textile
printing techniques are the flat bed or rotary
screen printing techniques
Flat bed screen printing is limited to
discontinuous patterns.
The repeat of the pattern can be no larger
than the dimensions of the screen frame.

flat bed screen printing

machine

Cont

Fully Automatic Flat Bed Screen

Printing Machine

rotary screen printing

Rotary screens are simply flat screens that
have been rolled up to form a continuous
seamless screen.
In this process both continuous and
discontinuous designs can be produced.
The size of the pattern repeat is determined
by the width and circumference of the screen.

Cont
Rotary screen printing is currently the most popular
method for printing openwidth textile fabrics.
Rotary Screen Printing Approximately 65% of printed
goods
Advantages:
Fast
Quick change over of patterns
Continuous patterns
Disadvantages:
Design limitations
Small repeats

Rotary screen printing machine

Engraved roller printing

Engraved roller printing uses heavy copper
rollers engraved with a pattern.
Each color in the pattern is applied by a
separate roller.
This technique was industrialized in the
1870s.

Cont
It was the printing process used to produce
very fine detail continuous and discontinuous
designs for many years.
Today, it has been almost completely replaced
by rotary screen printing for a number of
different technical and business reasons.

Heat transfer machine

Heat transfer printing is a special
technique that gained popularity in the
1970s.
This is also known as sublimation printing
or ironon printing.
In this process, paper is printed in the
pattern or design required using either
pigments or dyes which sublime at high
temperature.

Cont
The printed paper is placed against the
fabric and heated to a high temperature
while in contact with the fabric.
After the required exposure time at the
high temperature, the pattern is
transferred from the paper onto the
fabric.

CONT
The chemical nature and temperature
resistance properties limit this technique
to only specific type of textile fibers.
However, very detailed and complex
designs can be achieved with this
method.

Cont
Once printed, no further processing is
required such as additional fixation of
the dye or washing of the fabric to
remove processing impurities.
Typically, excellent print design
resolution is obtained with this method.

Heat Transfer Printing

Approximately 7% of printed goods
Advantages:
Easier handling of Units
High quality print
Fewer seconds
Economical for short run
Inventory in paper
Practically pollution free

Disadvantages:
Slow
Primarily only for polyester
Dye selection is critical

Digital printing
It is a process of printing on textiles and
garments using specialized or modified
inkjet technology.
Inkjet printing on fabric is also possible
with an inkjet printer by using fabric
sheets with a removable paper backing.

CONT
manufacturers can offer specialized
products designed for direct printing on
textiles, not only for sampling but also
for bulk production
Digital printing has evolved with the
development of digital design,
high speed computers, and
digital imaging methods.

CONT
This technique uses a wide variety of
textile dyes and pigments.
It can also be used on most
commercially available textile fibers and
fabrics.

Cont
The great advantage of this technique is
the design complexity can be achieved.
Photographic quality designs and
patterns are possible.
However, compared to other modern
textile printing processes, this technique
has very slow production speeds.

CONT

Ink Jet Printing

Technique of the future
Design preparation is very flexible
Virtually no limitation on the number of colors
Very efficient way of changeover from design
to design
In some systems, constant basic colors are
used and effectively mixed on the substrate

CONT
Operation is highly efficient, minimizing waste
Allows for accurate design rapidly brought to
market
Currently, only cost comparative for run
lengths shorter than 50 meters
The newest of the modern commercial textile
printing methods is digital ink jet printing.

Ink Jet Printing

Ink Jet Hardware Limitations

Slow print speeds
Cost of print heads
Fabric width to be printed
Computer data handling complexity and
control

THANK YOU !