كل قوانين الكهرباء-goooood

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CHAPTER-BY-CHAPTER FORMULAS AND SAMPLE EXCEL EQUIVALENT SPREADSHEET FORMULAS

NOTE: Some of the most-used, more-complex and useful formulas and Excel equivalents are highlighted in yellow.
The chapters' text-style formulas in Column B are shown in Excel formula format in Column C.
These same formulas are used as operative formulas in Column H, where the formula-computed answers are shown.
DIRECTIONS: Replace sample parameter values shown in columns D through E, F, or G with the values for your problem, and your answer appears in Column H.
CHAPTER # &
FORMULA #
CHAPTER 1
FORMULAS
EXCEL EQUIVALENT FORMULAS

("CELL ADDRESSES" APPROACH)
PARAMETER HEADINGS
AND THEIR VALUES
Q1 (coul)
k (cnstnt)
Excel formula in column H is:
Formula 1-1
To find force in newtons

F=k x Q1 x Q2/d2
CHAPTER 1
Formula 1-2
To find current in amperes

I=Q/T

=D16/E16
Q (coul)
CHAPTER 2
To find cross-sect. area in circular mils
d (mils)
Formula 2-1
A = d2
CHAPTER 2
Formula 2-2
To find resistance in ohms

R = l/A

=D22*E22/F22
(CM-/ft)
CHAPTER 3
Formula 3-1
To find current in amperes

I = V/R

=D25/E25
V (volts)
CHAPTER 3
Formula 3-2
To find voltage in volts

V=IxR

=D28*E28
I (amps)
CHAPTER 3
Formula 3-3
To find resistance in ohms

R = V/I

=D31/E31
V (volts)
CHAPTER 3
Formula 3-4
To find work in foot pounds

Work (ft lbs)=Force x Distance

=D34*E34
F (lbs)
CHAPTER 3
Formula 3-5
To find power in watts

Power = Energy / Time

=D37/E37
E (joules)
CHAPTER 3
Formula 3-6
To find energy in watthours

Energy (Watthours)= Power x Time

=D40*E40
P (watts)
CHAPTER 3
Formula 3-7

P=VxI

=D43*E43
V (volts)
CHAPTER 3
I (amps)
Formula 3-8
P = I2x R
=D13*E13*F13/G13^2
Q2 (coul)
2
d (mtr)
3
1.5
T (sec)
5
=D19^2
=D46^2*E46
ANSWERS:
From Use of Formulas
(Use Approp. Units)
2.5
16
l (feet)
10.4
A (CM)
250
39.75
65.41
R (ohms)
10
10
100
10000
10
10
200
600
10
I (amps)
0.05
0.5
R (ohms)
2
I (amps)
10
D (feet)
100
T (sec)
100
T (hours)
R (ohms)
0.05
200
0.5
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82

CHAPTER # &
FORMULA #
FORMULAS

CHAPTER 3
Formula 3-9
P = V2/R
CHAPTER 4
To find total R in ohms

RT = R1+R2+Rn
To find total R in ohms

RT = VT / IT
To find V across a specific R

V1 = IR1 x R1
Formula 4-3
CHAPTER 4
To find Vx using V divider rule
Formula 4-4
VX = RX/RT x VT
CHAPTER 4
To find VT in a series circuit
Formula 4-5
VT = V1 + V2 +Vn
=SUM(D64:F64)
CHAPTER 4
To find PT in a series circuit
Formula 4-6
PT = P1 + P2 + Pn
=SUM(D67:F67)
CHAPTER 5
To find IT in a parallel circuit
Formula 5-1
IT = I1 + I2 + I3 +In
=SUM(D70:F70)
CHAPTER 5
To find GT in a parallel circuit
Formula 5-2
GT = 1/R1 + 1/R2 +1/Rn
=1/D73+1/E73+1/F73
CHAPTER 5
To find RT in a parallel circuit
Formula 5-3
RT=1/(1/R1+1/R2+1/R3...1/Rn)
=1/(1/D76+1/E76+1/F76)
CHAPTER 5
To find GT in a parallel circuit
Formula 5-4
GT = G1 + G2 + G3
CHAPTER 5
To find RT in a parallel circuit
Formula 5-5
RT = R1 x R2/R1 + R2
=D82*E82/(D82+E82)
Formula 4-1
CHAPTER 4
Formula 4-2
CHAPTER 4
PARAMETER HEADINGS
AND THEIR VALUES
V (volts)
R (ohms)
=D49^2/E49
10
R1 (ohms)
10
VT (volts)
R3 (ohms)
10
70
IR1 (amps)
10
30
35
100,000
200
R1 (ohms)
0.002
RX (ohms)
=D61/E61*F61
0.5
IT (amps)
=D55/E55
=SUM(D79:F79)
200
R2 (ohms)
=SUM(D52:F52)
=D58*E58
ANSWERS:
(Use Approp. Units)
RT (ohms)
4700
V1 (volts)
V2 (volts)
20
PR1 (watts)
PR2 (watts)
I2 (amps)
R1 (ohms)
R2 (ohms)
G1 (S)
R1 (ohms)
3900
5.5
47
0.097
20000
5346.53
0.1
0.4
R3 (ohms)
R3 (ohms)
27000
G2 (S)
0.1
400
33
10000
60
I3 (amps)
R2 (ohms)
R1 (ohms)
10
160
1.5
22
13.51
PR3 (watts)
200
50
V3 (volts)
30
40
I1 (amps)
VT (volts)
17400
G3 (S)
0.2
R2 (ohms)
6800
2478.50
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
83
84
85

CHAPTER # &
FORMULA #
FORMULAS

CHAPTER 5
To find Ru for a parallel circuit
Formula 5-6
Ru = Rk x Re/Rk -Re
=D85*E85/(D85-E85)
PARAMETER HEADINGS
AND THEIR VALUES
Rk (ohms)
ANSWERS:
(Use Approp. Units)
Re (ohms)
10
15
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121

CHAPTER # &
FORMULA #
FORMULAS

CHAPTER 5
To find IX in a specific branch
Formula 5-7
IX = RT/RX x IT
CHAPTER 5
To find I1 in a parallel circuit
Formula 5-8
I1 = R2/R1 + R2 x IT
=E91/(D91+E91)*F91
CHAPTER 5
To find I2 in a parallel circuit
Formula 5-9
I2 = R1/R1 + R2 x IT
CHAPTER 6
To find balanced bridge Rs

R1/R2 = R3/R4
Ratio expression in column H is:
Formula 6-1
CHAPTER 6
To find RX in balanced bridge
Formula 6-2
RX(R4 here) = R2 x R3/R1
CHAPTER 7
To find efficiency of power transfer

Efficiency (%) = Pout/Pin x 100
To find internal R of a source

rint = V (no-load) - V (loaded)/I (load)
To find I load using Thevenin's Th.

IL = VTH / RTH + RL
To find V load using Thevenin's Th.

VL = RL/RL + RTH x VTH
Formula 7-5
To find I load using Norton's Th.

IL = RN/RN + RL x IN
CHAPTER 8
To find RA in delta network
Formula 8-1
RA= (R1xR2) + (R2xR3) + (R3xR1)/R1
=((D118*E118)+(E118*F118)+(F118*D118))/D118
CHAPTER 8
To find RB in delta network
Excel formul in column H is:
Formula 8-2
RB = (R1xR2)+(R2xR3)+(R3xR1)/R2
=((D121*E121)+(E121*F121)+(F121*D121))/E121
Formula 7-1
CHAPTER 7
Formula 7-2
CHAPTER 7
Formula 7-3
CHAPTER 7
Formula 7-4
CHAPTER 7

=D88/E88*F88
=D94/(D94+E94)*F94
PARAMETER HEADINGS
AND THEIR VALUES
RT (ohms)
RX (ohms)
550
R1 (ohms)
R1 (ohms)
R1 (ohms)
R1 (ohms)
10
Pout (watts)
0.0055
0.003025
IT (amps)
0.05
0.02619
IT (amps)
0.05
R3 (ohms)
0.02381
R4 (ohms)
30
60 Ans. here is 600=600
R3 (ohms)
20
30
60
Pin (watts)
8.84
V (no-load)
13
VTH (volts)
26.6
V (loaded)
12
RTH (ohms)
50
RL (ohms)
RN (ohms)
R1 (ohms)
R1 (ohms)
4.7
R2 (ohms)
3.3
100
4.7
0.01
RL (ohms)
25
RTH (ohms)
1
VTH (v)
25
RL (ohms)
25
R2 (ohms)
3.3
I (load A)
25
RN (ohms)
25
33.23
25
RL (ohms)
25
=D115/(E115+F115)*G115
IT (amps)
20
R2 (ohms)
=E100*F100/D100
=D112/(E112+F112)*G112
11000
R2 (ohms)
10
=D109/(E109+F109)
11000
R2 (ohms)
10000
=(D106-E106)/F106
1000
R2 (ohms)
10000
D97*G97=E97*F97
=D103/E103*100
ANSWERS:
(Use Approp. Units)
50
25
0.5
IN (amps)
75
R3 (ohms)
5.6
18.28
R3 (ohms)
5.6
12.83
A
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7
8
9
10

CHAPTER # &
FORMULA #
122
123 CHAPTER 8
124 Formula 8-3
FORMULAS

To find RC in delta network
RC = (R1xR2)+(R2xR3)+(R3xR1)/R3
=((D124*E124)+(E124*F124)+(F124*D124))/F124
PARAMETER HEADINGS
AND THEIR VALUES
R1 (ohms)
R2 (ohms)
3.3
4.7
ANSWERS:
(Use Approp. Units)
R3 (ohms)
5.6
10.77
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
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126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160

CHAPTER # &
FORMULA #
FORMULAS

PARAMETER HEADINGS
AND THEIR VALUES
CHAPTER 8
To find R1 in wye network
Formula 8-4
R1 = RB x RC/RA + RB + RC
=E127*F127/(D127+E127+F127)
CHAPTER 8
Formula 8-5
R2 = RC x RA/RA + RB + RC
=F130*D130/(D130+E130+F130)
CHAPTER 8
Formula 8-6
R3 = RA x RB/RA + RB + RC
=D133*E133/(D133+E133+F133)
CHAPTER 9
To find force of attract. or repulsion
Formula 9-1
Force = Pole 1 Strng. x Pole 2 Strng./d2
=D136*E136/F136^2
CHAPTER 9
Formula 9-2
To find magnetomotive force

mmf = NI

=D139*E139
N (# of trns) I (amps)
100
CHAPTER 9
Formula 9-3
To find magnetic field intensity

H = AT/meter

=D142*E142/F142
A (amps)
CHAPTER 9
To find induced voltage per turn

Vind = # of lines of flux cut/per unit time
flux (Wb)
To find induced voltage in coil

Vind = N (# of turns) x flux/time
Formula 9-5
CHAPTER 10
Note: No formulas used in this chapter
CHAPTER 11
Formula 11-1
To find time of one period in ac

T (sec) = 1/f (Hz)

=1/D153
f (Hz)
CHAPTER 11
Formula 11-2
To find frequency from time of 1 per.

f (Hz) = 1/T (sec)

=1/D156
T (time in sec)
0.0001
CHAPTER 11
Formula 11-3
To find effective value from peak

Effective value (rms) = 0.707 x pk. val.

=D159*E159
Formula 9-4
CHAPTER 9
RA (ohms)
RB (ohms)
18.28
RA (ohms)
RB (ohms)
RA (ohms)
10.77
5.60
d (meters)
2
0.05
800
500
T (turns)
meters
100
0.1
5000
time( sec)
2
N (# of turns) flux (Wb)
=D148*E148/F148
4.70
RC (ohms)
P2 Strength
10.77
12.83
3.30
RC (ohms)
RB (ohms)
P1 Strength
10.77
12.83
18.28
=D145/E145
RC (ohms)
12.83
18.28
ANSWERS:
(Use Approp. Units)
100
time( sec)
3
1000
0.707
300
0.001
V pk. (volts)
100
10000
70.7
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
CHAPTER # &
FORMULA #
161 CHAPTER 11
162 Formula 11-4
10
FORMULAS
To find avg. value (1/2 cycle) from pk.
Avg. value (1/2 cycle) = 0.637 x pk. val.

=D162*E162
PARAMETER HEADINGS
AND THEIR VALUES
V pk. (volts)
0.637
100
ANSWERS:
(Use Approp. Units)
63.7
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198

CHAPTER # &
FORMULA #
FORMULAS

PARAMETER HEADINGS
AND THEIR VALUES
To find instant. V of sine wave

v inst = Vp x sin of angle value
CHAPTER 11
Formula 11-6
To find % duty cyc. of non-sine waves

=D168/E168*100
tw (sec)
% duty cycle = tw (pulse wid.)/T (1 per.) x 100
CHAPTER 11
To find Vavg of non-sine waves
Baseln value
Formula 11-7
Vavg = Baseln val. + (duty cycle x p-p amp.)
=D171+(E171*F171)
CHAPTER 12
CHAPTER 13
To find V induced in a coil

Vind = N (# of trns) x d /dt
Formula 13-1
CHAPTER 13
To find VL value of given L
Formula 13-2
VL = L x di/dt
CHAPTER 13
To find L from VL and di/dt
Formula 13-3
L = VL / di/dt
=D182/(E182/F182)
CHAPTER 13
Formula 13-4
To find L from physical parameters.

L=12.57 x 10-7x r x N2 x A / l
CHAPTER 13
To find L of air-core inductor
Formula 13-5
L = 12.57 x 10-7 x N2 x A / l
=0.000001257*D188^2*E188/F188
CHAPTER 13
To find LT in a series circuit
Formula 13-6
LT = L1 + L2 . . . +Ln
= SUM(D191:F191)
CHAPTER 13
To find par. circuit reciprocal of LT
Formula 13-7
1/LT = 1/L1 + 1/L2 + 1/L3+1/Ln
=1/D194+1/E194+1/F194
CHAPTER 13
To find LT in a parallel circuit
Formula 13-8
LT = 1 / 1/L1 + 1/L2 + 1/L3+1/Ln
=1/(1/D197+1/E197+1/F197)
CHAPTER 11
Formula 11-5
ANSWERS:
(Use Approp. Units)
V pk. (volts)
=D165*F165
sin
angle
141
30
20
duty cycle
pk-pk volts
500
L (H)
di (amps)
di (amps)
r
1
N (# trns)
1000
50
2.5
dt (secs)
12
N (# trns)
=0.000001257*D185*E185^2*F185/G185
2.5
dt (secs)
5
dt (secs)
2
10
VL (volts)
20
0.1
d(Wb)
N (# trns)
=D179*E179/F179
70.5
T (sec)
4
=D176*E176/F176
0.5
A (sq mtrs)
2000
0.001
l (mtrs)
0.01
0.5028
A (sq mtrs) l (mtrs)
2000
L1 (H)
0.001
L2 (H)
10
L1 (H)
L2 (H)
L1 (H)
2.5
17.5
10
0.4
10
2.5
L3 (H)
5
L2 (H)
10
0.5028
L3 (H)
5
10
0.01
L3 (H)
5
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

CHAPTER # &
FORMULA #
199 CHAPTER 13
200 Formula 13-9

FORMULAS
To find LT of 2 parallel L's
LT = L1 x L2 / L1 + L2
=D200*E200/(D200+E200)
PARAMETER HEADINGS
AND THEIR VALUES
L2 (H)
L1 (H)
10
10
ANSWERS:
(Use Approp. Units)
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236

CHAPTER # &
FORMULA #
FORMULAS

ANSWERS:
(Use Approp. Units)
PARAMETER HEADINGS
AND THEIR VALUES
L (H)
CHAPTER 13
To find amount of stored energy
Formula 13-10
Energy = 0.5 LI2
=D203*E203*F203^2
CHAPTER 13
Formula 13-11
To find RL circuit time constant

=D206/E206
L (H)
One time constant = L/R
CHAPTER 13
To find inst. incr. i in an RL circuit
Vs (volts)
Formula 13-12
i = Vs/R x (1 - -Rt/L)
=D209/E209*((1-2.71828^ (E209*F209/G209)))
CHAPTER 13
To find inst. dec. i in an RL circuit
Formula 13-13
i = Vs/R x ( -Rt/L)
=D212/E212*((2.71828^-(E212*F212/G212)))
CHAPTER 14
To find value of XL in an ac circuit
Formula 14-1
XL = 2fL
CHAPTER 14
To find L ( XL and f known)
Formula 14-2
L= XL/2f
=D218/(E218*F218)
CHAPTER 14
To find frequency (XL and L known)
Formula 14-3
f = XL/2L
=D221/(E221*F221)
CHAPTER 14
To find 1/XLT in a parallel ac circuit
Formula 14-4
1/XLT=1/XL1+1/XL2+1/XL3
=1/(D224)+1/(E224)+1/(F224)
CHAPTER 14
To find XLT in a parallel ac circuit
Formula 14-5
XLT=1/(1/XL1+1/XL2+)
=1/(1/D227+1/E227)
CHAPTER 14
To find XLT of 2 parallel L's
Formula 14-6
XLT = XL1 x XL2/XL1 + XL2
=D230*E230/(D230+E230)
CHAPTER 14
To find Q in an RL ac circuit
Q = XL/R
Formula 14-7
CHAPTER 15
Pythagorean Theorem
Formula 15-1
c2 = a2 + b2
=D236^2+E236^2
I (amps)
0.5
20
12
R (ohms)
10
Vs (volts)
t (sec)
R (ohms)
f (Hz)
XL1 (ohms)
XL2 (ohms)
4000
5000
1884
1500000
0.000212
0.00003
21231423
XL3 (ohms)
6000
0.000917
2500
XL2 (ohms)
5000
XL (ohms)
XL2 (ohms)
5000
XL1 (ohms)
0.000137
L (H)
6.28
2000
0.05
f (Hz)
6.28
XL1 (ohms)
0.001
L (H)
4000
10
L (H)
0.000068
60
2000
XL (ohms)
L (H)
0.001
t (sec)
2200
6.28
XL (ohms)
0.83
10000
=D233/E233
250
R (ohms)
10
=D215*E215*F215
5000
2500
R (ohms)
3140
a
50
62.8
10
200
b
10
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272

CHAPTER # &
FORMULA #
FORMULAS

PARAMETER HEADINGS
AND THEIR VALUES
CHAPTER 15
To find VT in a series RL circuit
Formula 15-2
VT = VR2 + VL2
=SQRT(D239^2+E239^2)
CHAPTER 15
To find Z in a series RL circuit

Z = R2 + XL2
Formula 15-3
CHAPTER 15
To find IT in a parallel RL circuit
Formula 15-4
IT = R2 + IL2
=SQRT(D245^2+E245^2)
CHAPTER 15
Formula 15-5
To find Z in a parallel RL circuit

Z = R x XL / R2 + XL2
CHAPTER 15
Formula 15-6
To find G in a parallel RL circuit

G = 1/R

=D251/E251
CHAPTER 15
To find inductive susceptance

BL = 1/XL
Formula 15-7
=D254/E254
1005
0.000995
CHAPTER 15
Formula 15-8
To find admittance
Y = 1/Z

=D257/E257
Z (ohms)
835
0.001198
CHAPTER 15
To find Y in a parallel RL circuit

YT = G2 + BL2
To find magnitude of phase angle

(magnitude) = tan-1 R / XL
To find mutual inductance

M = k L1 x L2
Formula 16-1
CHAPTER 16
To find LT of series L's (aid)
Formula 16-2
LT = L1 + L2 + 2M
=D269+E269+2*F269
CHAPTER 16
To find LT of series L's (opp)
Formula 16-3
LT = L1 + L2 - 2M
=D272+E272-2*F272
Formula 15-9
CHAPTER 15
Formula 15-10
CHAPTER 16
VR (volts)
ANSWERS:
(Use Approp. Units)
VL (volts)
10
5
IR (amps)
8.66
10.00
IL (amps)
3
5.83
50
30
25.72
R (ohms)
1500
0.000667
XL (ohms)
R (ohms)
=D248*E248/SQRT(D248^2+E248^2)
14.14
XL (ohms)
R (ohms)
=SQRT(D242^2+E242^2)
10
One
XL (ohms)
BL (S)
G (S)
=SQRT(D260^2+E260^2)
0.000667
1500
1005
L1 (H)
=D266*SQRT(E266*F266)
0.001198
XL (ohms)
R (ohms)
=DEGREES(ATAN(D263/E263))
0.000995
1
L1 (H)
L2 (H)
3
L2 (H)
8
L1 (H)
24
M (H)
8
L2 (H)
8
56.178
M (H)
8
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308

CHAPTER # &
FORMULA #
FORMULAS

CHAPTER 16
General LT formula (aid or opp)
Formula 16-4
LT = L1 + L2 2M
=D275+E2752*F275
CHAPTER 16
To find LT of 2 parallel L's (aid)
Formula 16-5
LT = 1/1/L1 + M + 1/L2 + M
=1/((1/(D278+F278)+1/(E278+F278)))
CHAPTER 16
To find LT of 2 parallel L's (opp)
Formula 16-6
LT = 1/1/L1 - M + 1/L2 - M
=1/((1/(D281-F281)+1/(E281-F281)))
CHAPTER 16
To find coefficient of coupling

k = M/ L1 x L2
V ratio compared to T ratio

VP/VS = NP/NS
T ratio compared to V ratio

NP/NS = VP/VS
T ratio compared to I ratio

NP/NS = IS/IP
V ratio compared to I ratio

VP/VS = IS/IP
Formula 16-12
N ratio compared to Z ratio

(NS/NP)2 = ZS/ZP
CHAPTER 16
To find ZP from ZS and T ratio
Formula 16-13
ZP = ZS(NP/NS)2
=D302*(E302/F302)^2
CHAPTER 16
To find T ratio from Z ratio

NP/NS = ZP/ZS
To find transformer efficiency

Efficiency % = Pout/Pin x 100
Formula 16-7
CHAPTER 16
Formula 16-8
CHAPTER 16
Formula 16-9
CHAPTER 16
Formula 16-10
CHAPTER 16
Formula 16-11
CHAPTER 16
Formula 16-14
CHAPTER 16
Formula 16-15
PARAMETER HEADINGS
AND THEIR VALUES
L1 (H)
L2 (H)
L1 (H)
10
L2 (H)
L1 (H)
8
L2 (H)
8
L2 (H)
8
VS (volts)
20
NP (trns)
NP (trns)
VP (volts)
VS (volts)
14
0.1
IP (amps)
0.5
ZS (ohms)
4
0.1
ZP(ohms)
8
128
NS (trns)
2000
ZP (ohms)
IP (amps)
IS (amps)
NP (trns)
14
VS(volts)
0.5
1
ZS (ohms)
0.5
IS (amps)
NP (trns)
or =(D299/E299)^2=F299/G299
5
NS (trns)
VP (volts)
or =D296*G296=E296*F296
280
NS (trns)
or = D293*G293 = E293*F293
NS(trns)
280
20
10
NP (trns)
NS (trns)
or = D290*G290=E290*F290
30
M (H)
8
VP (volts)
(aid)
(opp)
M (H)
8
L1 (H)
5
M (H)
or = D287*G287=E287*F287
=D308/E308*100
M (H)
10
=F284/SQRT(D284*E284)
=SQRT(D305/E305)
ANSWERS:
(Use Approp. Units)
8000
ZS (ohms)
1000
10
10
Pout (watts) Pin (watts)

86
100
86
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344

CHAPTER # &
FORMULA #
FORMULAS

ANSWERS:
(Use Approp. Units)
PARAMETER HEADINGS
AND THEIR VALUES
CHAPTER 17
Formula 17-1
To find C value (Q and V known)

C = Q/V

=D311/E311
Q (coul)
V (volts)
CHAPTER 17
Formula 17-2
To find Q value (C and V known)

Q=CxV

=D314*E314
C (farads)
CHAPTER 17
Formula 17-3
To find V value (Q and C known)

V = Q/C

=D317/E317
Q (coul)
CHAPTER 17
To find energy in joules
C (farads)
Formula 17-4
Energy = 0.5 x CV2
=0.5*D320*E320^2
CHAPTER 17
Formula 17-5
To find dielectric constant

k = o/ v
CHAPTER 17
To find C (from physical factors)
Formula 17-6
C = 8.85 x A/1012s
=8.85*D326/(10^12*E326)
CHAPTER 17
To find C (from physical factors)
Formula 17-7
C = 8.85 x k x A/1012 x s
=8.85*D329*E329/(10^12*F329)
CHAPTER 17
To find C in F (from phys. factors)
Formula 17-8
C = 2.25*k*A/107 x s x (n-1)
=2.25*D332*E332/10^7*F332*(G332-1)
CHAPTER 17
To find CT of 2 series caps
Formula 17-9
CT = C1 x C2 / C1 + C2
=D335*E335/(D335+E335)
CHAPTER 17
To find CT of = value series C's
Formula 17-10
CT = C/N
=D338/G338
CHAPTER 17
To find CT of any value series C's
Formula 17-11
CT = 1/1/C1+1/C2+1/C3...+1/Cn
=1/(1/D341+1/E341+1/F341)
CHAPTER 17
To find VCx in cap V divider circuit
Formula 17-12
VX = VS x CT/CX
=D344*E344/F344
10
10
250
0.15625
0.001
8.85E-011
V (volts)
5
C (farads)
10
V (volts)
0.000005
o (abs)
v (vac)
=D323/E323
6
A (sq mtrs)
s (mtrs)
0.01
k (number)
A (sq mtrs) s (mtrs)

3
k (number)
0.01
A (sq in.)
100
C1 (F)
0.001
n(# plates)
s (in.)
2
2.655E-010
0.005
0.009
C2 (F)
3
C1 (F)
6
C2 (F)
10
C1 (F)
C3 (F)
10
C2 (F)
10
VS (volts)
n(# plates)
10
3.33
C3 (F)
5
CT (uF)
60
10
2.5
15
30
CX (F)
7.5
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380

CHAPTER # &
FORMULA #
FORMULAS

ANSWERS:
(Use Approp. Units)
PARAMETER HEADINGS
AND THEIR VALUES
CHAPTER 17
To find CT of parallel capacitors
Formula 17-13
CT = C1 + C2 + C3+Cn
C1 (F)
C2 (F)
C3 (F)
=D347+E347+F347+G347
CHAPTER 17
Formula 17-14
To find 1 time const. in an RC circuit

1 TC (T) = R x C

=D350*E350
R (ohms)
C (farads)
1000
0.000001
CHAPTER 17
To find inst. vR in a dc RC circuit
VS (volts)
Formula 17-15
vR = VS x ( -t/T)
=D353*((E353^-(F353/G353)))
CHAPTER 17
To find inst. vC in a dc RC circuit
Formula 17-16
vC = VS x (1 - -t/T)
=D356*(((1-(E356^-(F356/G356)))))
CHAPTER 18
To find iC knowing C and dv/dt
Formula 18-1
iC = C x dv/dt
=(D359*10^-12)*E359/(F359*10^-6)
CHAPTER 18
To find XC knowing f and C
Formula 18-2
XC = 1/2x f x C
=1/(D362*E362*F362)
CHAPTER 18
To find f knowing C and XC
Formula 18-3
f = 1/2 x C x XC
=1/(D365*E365*F365)
CHAPTER 18
To find C knowing f and XC
Formula 18-4
C = 1/2 x f x XC
=1/(D368*E368*F368)
CHAPTER 18
To find XCT of parallel C's
Formula 18-5
XCT = 1/1/XC1 + 1/XC2 + 1/XC31/XCn
=1/(1/D371+1/E371+1/F371)
CHAPTER 18
To find XCT of 2 parallel C's
Formula 18-6
XCT = XC1 x XC2 / XC1 + XC2
=D374*E374/(D374+E374)
CHAPTER 18
To find XCT of = val. parallel C's
Formula 18-7
XCT = XC1 / N
=D377/E377
CHAPTER 19
To find VT in a series RC circuit
Formula 19-1
VT = VR2 + VC2
=SQRT(D380^2+E380^2)
15
10
50
VS (volts)
C (value)
2.71828
dv (volts)
f (Hz)
XC1 (ohms)
XC1 (ohms)
10000
18.39
(sec)
18000
10000
41.74
100
0.0001
0.000002
663.48
1000
318471
XC (ohms)
2000
XC2 (ohms)
1000
10000
XC (ohms)
5E-010
f (Hz)
6.28
(sec)
C (farads)
120
C (farads)
6.28
38
dt (sec)
100
6.28
0.001
t (sec)
2.71828
100
10
t (sec)
50
C4 (F)
3180
0.000000025
XC3 (ohms)
2000
3000
545.45
XC2 (ohms)
1000
XC1 (ohms)
2000
666.67
N (number)
1000
VR (volts)
200
50
70.71
VC (volts)
50
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415

CHAPTER # &
FORMULA #
FORMULAS

PARAMETER HEADINGS
AND THEIR VALUES
XC (ohms)
Formula 19-2
To find Z in a series RC circuit

Z = R2 + XC 2
CHAPTER 19
To find IT in a parallel RC circuit
Formula 19-3
IT = IR2 + IC2
=SQRT(D386^2+E386^2)
CHAPTER 19
To find Z in a parallel RC circuit

Z = R x XC / R2 + XC 2
Formula 19-4
CHAPTER 19
Formula 19-5
To find G in a parallel RC circuit

G = 1/R

=D392/E392
CHAPTER 19
To find capacitive susceptance

BC = 1/XC or 2fC
To find Y in a parallel RC circuit

YT = G2 + BC2
G (S)
BC (S)
=SQRT(D398^2+E398^2)
0.000667
0.001
To find magnitude of phase angle

(magnitude) = tan-1 R / XC
R (ohms)
XC (ohms)
=DEGREES(ATAN(D401/E401))
1500
To find Z of a series RLC circuit

Z = R2 + Xnet2
R (ohms)
CHAPTER 19
Formula 19-6
CHAPTER 19
Formula 19-7
CHAPTER 19
Formula 19-8
CHAPTER 20
Formula 20-1
R (ohms)
=SQRT(D383^2+E383^2)
ANSWERS:
(Use Approp. Units)
50
IR (amps)
50
70.71
20
25
IC (amps)
15
XC (ohms)
R (ohms)
=D389*E389/SQRT(D389^2+E389^2)
2.4
R (ohms)
1500
0.000667
One
Xc (ohms)
=D395/E395
=SQRT(D404^2+E404^2)
995
0.001
0.0012
995
56.44
Xnet (ohms)
60
80
100
(where Xnet = XL- XC if XL>XC

or Xnet = XC- XL if XC>XL)
CHAPTER 20
To find VT of a series RLC circuit
Formula 20-2
VT = VR2 + VXnet2
=SQRT(D409^2+E409^2)
VR (volts)
Vxnet(volts)
60
80
100.00
60
1.33
(where Vxnet=VL- VC if VL>VC

or Vxnet=VC- VL if VC>VL)
CHAPTER 20
Formula 20-3
To find Tan knowing Xnet and R

Tang of = Xnet/R

=D414/E414
Xnet (ohms)
80
R (ohms)
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432

CHAPTER # &
FORMULA #

CHAPTER 20
FORMULAS
To find Tan knowing VXnet and VR
Formula 20-4
Tang of = VXnet / VR
=D417/E417
CHAPTER 20
To find IT of a parallel RLC circuit
Formula 20-5
IT = IR2 + IXnet2
=SQRT(D420^2+E420^2)
PARAMETER HEADINGS
AND THEIR VALUES
VXnet (volts) VR (volts)
80
IR (amps)
60
ANSWERS:
(Use Approp. Units)
1.33
IXnet (amps)
2
2.24
(where Ixnet = IL- IC if IL>IC

or Ixnet = IC- IL if IC>IL)
CHAPTER 20
Formula 20-6
To find p.f. knowing phase angle

Power factor (p.f.) = cos

=COS(D425*PI()/180)
(deg)
CHAPTER 20
To find app. power knowing V and I

Apparent power (S) = Vrms x Irms
V (volts)
Formula 20-7
CHAPTER 20
To find true power knowing I and R
Formula 20-8
True power (P) = I2 x R
=D432^2*E432
=D428*E428
45
0.707
I (amps)
141.5
I (amps)
141.5
100
100
R (ohms)
1
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467

CHAPTER # &
FORMULA #
FORMULAS

PARAMETER HEADINGS
AND THEIR VALUES
CHAPTER 20
Formula 20-9
To find true power knowing S and p.f.

P = Apparent power x power factor (p.f.)

=D435*E435
S (VA)
CHAPTER 20
Formula 20-10
To find p.f. knowing P and S

p.f. = True power (P)/App. power (S)

=D438/E438
Ptrue (W)
CHAPTER 20
To find S knowing P and VAR

S = P2 + Q2
Ptrue (W)
To convert Z polar to rect. data

R factor(Z cos )
j factor(Z sin )
45 (Z cos (jZ sin )
Excel formulas in column H are:

=(D444*COS(E444*PI()/180))
=(D444*SIN(E444*PI()/180))
CHAPTER 20
To convert VT polar to rect. data
Formula 20-13
Real axis(VT x cos )
=(D450*COS(E450*PI()/180))
(Series circuit)
Imag. axis(jVT x sin )
=(D450*SIN(E450*PI()/180))
Formula 20-11
CHAPTER 20
Formula 20-12
(Series circuit)
141.5
p.f. (numb.)
0.707
100
S (VA)
100
=SQRT(D441^2+E441^2)
141.5
0.707
Q (VAR)
100
100
141.42
30
38.97
22.5
(deg)
Z (ohms)
45
Answer is:
45 30 = 38.97 + j22.5
VT (volts)
(deg)
66
60
33
57.16
(VT x cos (jVT x sin )
Answer is:
6645 = 33 + j57.16
CHAPTER 20
To convert IT polar to rect. data
Formula 20-14
Real axis(IT x cos )
=(D456*COS(E456*PI()/180))
(Parallel circuit)
Imag. axis(jIT x sin )
=(D456*SIN(E456*PI()/180))
IT (amps)
(deg)
15
30
12.99
7.5
(IT x cos (jIT x sin )
CHAPTER 20
Formula 20-15
(Parallel circuit)
CHAPTER 20
Formula 20-16
(Parallel circuit)
ANSWERS:
(Use Approp. Units)
Answer is:
15 = 12.99 + j7.5
To find inductive susceptance

BL = 1/2 x f x L
To find capacitive susceptance

BC = 2 x f x C
=1/(D462*E462*F462)
=D466*E466*F466
f (Hz)
6.28
L (H)
60
f (Hz)
6.28
0.00265
0.000004
0.00151
C (Farads)
60
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503

CHAPTER # &
FORMULA #
CHAPTER 20
Formula 20-17
(Parallel circuit)

FORMULAS
To find admittance
Y = G2 + jBnet2
(Note: tan of B/G)
(Note: of Y arctan B/G)
PARAMETER HEADINGS
AND THEIR VALUES
Bnet (S)
G (S)
=SQRT(D470^2+E470^2)
=E470/D470
=ATAN(H471)*180/pi()
ANSWERS:
(Use Approp. Units)
0.002
0.00114
0.0023
0.57
29.7
Answer for Y is:
Y = 0.0023 29.7S
CHAPTER 21
To find fr when L and C are known
Formula 21-1
fr = 1/2 x L x C
=1/(D477*SQRT(E477*F477))
L (H)
6.28
C (Fd)
0.0002
4E-010
562983
(Where: L=H; C=Fd; f=Hz)

CHAPTER 21
To find L when fr and C are known
Formula 21-2
L = 0.02533/fr2 x C
=0.02533/(D481^2*E481)
fr (Hz)
C (Fd)
1000000 2.533E-010
0.0001

CHAPTER 21
To find C when fr and L are known
Formula 21-3
C = 0.02533/fr2 x L
=0.02533/(D485^2*E485)
fr (Hz)
L (H)
1000000
0.0001
2.533E-010

CHAPTER 21
To find L when fr and C are known
Formula 21-4
L = 25,330/fr2 x C
=25330/(D489^2*E489)
fr (MHz)
C (pF)
1
253.3
100
100
253.3
990000
20000
Where: L= H; C=pF;f=MHz
CHAPTER 21
To find C when fr and L are known
Formula 21-5
C = 25,330/fr2 x L
=25330/(D493^2*E493)
fr (MHz)
L ( H)
1
Where: L= H; C=pF;f=MHz
CHAPTER 21
Formula 21-6
Information only!
No computations for this formula are required in text!
CHAPTER 21
To find bandwidth of res. circuit

BW = f2 - f1
Formula 21-7
(Where f2= higher f 0.707 pt

and f1 = lower f 0.707 pt)

=D500 - E500
f2 (Hz)
1010000
f1 (Hz)
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

CHAPTER # &
FORMULA #
504 CHAPTER 21
505 Formula 21-8

FORMULAS
To find BW knowing fr and Q
BW = fr/Q
=D505/E505
PARAMETER HEADINGS
AND THEIR VALUES
fr (Hz)
ANSWERS:
(Use Approp. Units)
Q (number)
5000
25
200
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541

CHAPTER # &
FORMULA #
FORMULAS

CHAPTER 21
To find Q knowing fr and BW
Formula 21-9
Q = fr/BW
=D508/E508
CHAPTER 21
To find cutoff for RC network

fc = 1/2 x R x C
Formula 21-10
PARAMETER HEADINGS
AND THEIR VALUES
fr (Hz)
ANSWERS:
(Use Approp. Units)
BW (Hz)
5000
=1/(D511*E511*F511)
200
R (ohms)
6.28
1000
25
C (Farads)
0.0000001
1592.36
(Note: For hi-pass simple C filter)

CHAPTER 21
Formula 21-11
To find cutoff for RL network

fc = 1/2 x (L/R)
=1/(D515*(E515/F515))
L (H)
R (ohms)
6.28
0.1
1000
1592.36
(Note: For lo-pass simple L filter)

CHAPTER 22
To find max # of electrons in shell n
Formula 22-1
Max # of electrons = 2 x n2
=2*D519^2
CHAPTER 23
To find I in circ. w/series diode and R

I = (VS - VD) / R
To find diode power dissipation

P = I x VD
To find zener diode pwr. dissipation

P = Iz x Vz
To find regulation transition point

Vs = VzT x (R1 + RL) / RL
To find output V w/source <trans. pt.

VL = Vs x RL / (RL + R1)
Formula 23-5
CHAPTER 23
To find V to be dropped by VR
Formula 23-6
VR = Vs - VD
=D537-E537
CHAPTER 24
To find Vdc out of unfilt. H.W. rect.
Formula 24-1
Vdc = 0.45 x Vrms
=0.45*D540
Formula 23-1
CHAPTER 23
Formula 23-2
CHAPTER 23
Formula 23-3
CHAPTER 23
Formula 23-4
CHAPTER 23
n
3
VS (volts)
18
VD (volts)
=(D522-E522)/F522
10
0.01
Iz (amps)
=D528*E528
150
0.062
0.7
0.007
5.1
0.255
Vz (volts)
0.05
R1 (ohms)
VzT
=D531*(E531+F531)/F531
R (ohms)
VD
I (amps)
=D525*E525
0.7
9.1
Vs (volts)
100
RL (ohms)
=D534*E534/(E534+F534)
9
Vs (volts)
750
RL (ohms)
750
10.31
R1 (ohms)
100
7.94
VD (volts)
12
1.5
10.5
Vrms (volts)
70.7
31.8
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

CHAPTER # &
FORMULA #
542 CHAPTER 24
543 Formula 24-2

FORMULAS
To find Vdc out of unfilt. H.W. rect.
Vdc = 0.318 x VPK
=0.318*D543
PARAMETER HEADINGS
AND THEIR VALUES
ANSWERS:
(Use Approp. Units)
VPK (volts)
100
31.8
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579

CHAPTER # &
FORMULA #
CHAPTER 24
FORMULAS

PARAMETER HEADINGS
AND THEIR VALUES
ANSWERS:
(Use Approp. Units)
Vrms (V)
Formula 24-3
To find PIV of unfilt. H.W. rect.

PIV (H.W.) = 1.414 x Vrms
CHAPTER 24
Formula 24-4
To find ripple freq. H.W. rect.

Ripple freq. = ac input frequency

=1*D549
ac input f
CHAPTER 24
To find Vdc out of unfilt. F.W. rect.
V (1/2 sec.)
Formula 24-5
Vdc = 0.9 x Vrms of half of secondary
=0.9*D552
CHAPTER 24
Formula 24-6
Vdc = 0.45 x Vrms of full secondary
=0.45*D555
CHAPTER 24
Formula 24-7
Vdc = 0.637 x VPK of 1/2 secondary
=0.637*D558
CHAPTER 24
Formula 24-8
Vdc = 0.318 x VPK of full secondary
=0.318*D561
CHAPTER 24
To find PIV of unfilt. F.W. rect.

PIV (F.W.) = 1.414 x Vrms full secondary
Formula 24-9
CHAPTER 24
Formula 24-10
To find ripple freq. F.W. rect.

Ripple freq. = 2 x ac input frequency

=2*D567
ac input f
CHAPTER 24
To find Vdc out (unfilt. bridge rect.)
Vrms input
Formula 24-11
Vdc = 0.9 x Vrms of ac input
=0.9*D570
CHAPTER 24
To find Vdc out (unfilt. bridge rect.)
Formula 24-12
Vdc = 0.637 x VPK of ac input
=0.637*D573
CHAPTER 24
Formula 24-13
To find PIV of unfilt. bridge rect.

PIV (Bridge) = 1.414 x Vrms input
CHAPTER 24
Formula 24-14
To find ripple freq. (bridge rect.)

Ripple frequency (bridge) = 2 x ac in f

=2*D579
=1.414*D546
200
282.8
60
60
100
90
V (full sec.)
200
90
VPK (1/2 sec.)

141.4
90.1
VPK (full sec.)

282.8
89.9
V (Full sec.)
=1.414*D564
200
282.8
60
120
12.6
11.34
17.8
11.34
200
282.8
60
120
Vpk input
Vrms input
=1.414*D576
ac input f
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

CHAPTER # &
FORMULA #
580
581 CHAPTER 24
582 Formula 24-15
FORMULAS
To find power supply out % ripple
% Ripple = ac(ripple p-p)/dc out x 100

=D582/E582*100
PARAMETER HEADINGS
AND THEIR VALUES
ac ripple p-p
ANSWERS:
(Use Approp. Units)
dc out
1
48
2.08
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618

CHAPTER # &
FORMULA #
CHAPTER 24
FORMULAS

To find power supply % regulation

% Reg. = (VNL- VFL)/ VFL x 100%
To find power diss. by IC regulator

PREG = IB x VIN + IL x (VIN -VOUT )
To find efficiency of IC regulator

= Pout / (Pout + Preg) x 100%
To find regulated dc output voltage

Vout = Vref x (1+R2 / R1 )
Formula 24-20
To find D factor for "buck" reg.

D = Ton / (Ton + Toff)
CHAPTER 24
To find Vout of a "buck" reg.
Formula 24-21
Vout = Vin x D
=D600*E600
CHAPTER 24
To find Vout of a "boost" reg.
Formula 24-22
Vout = Vin /(1-D)
=D603/(1-E603)
CHAPTER 24
To find Vout of a "flyback" reg.
Formula 24-23
Vout = -Vin x D/(1-D)
=-D606*E606/(1-E606)
CHAPTER 25
To find transistor emitter current

IE = IC + IB
To find dc Beta of transistor

dc = IC/IB
To find collector current

IC = dc x IB
To find base current

IB = IC / dc
Formula 24-16
CHAPTER 24
Formula 24-17
CHAPTER 24
Formula 24-18
CHAPTER 24
Formula 24-19
CHAPTER 24
Formula 25-1
CHAPTER 25
Formula 25-2
CHAPTER 25
Formula 25-3
CHAPTER 25
Formula 25-4
PARAMETER HEADINGS
AND THEIR VALUES
VNL(volts)
=(D585-E585)/E585*100
VFL(volts)
12.2
IB (amps)
=(D588*E588)+F588*(E588-G588)
11.8
VIN (V)
Pout (W)
24
Vref (V)
1.446
R2 (ohms)
1.25
Ton (msec)
=D597/(D597+E597)
240
Vin (volts)
1.46
60.88
R1 (ohms)
240
2.5
0.5
0.5
12
0.5
48.00
0.5
-24
0.001
18.001
D value
Vin (volts)
D value
24
Vin (volts)
D value
24
IC (mA)
IB (mA)
18
IC (mA)
IB (mA)
1.2
dc
=D615*E615
15
50
24
=D612/E612
VOUT (V)
Toff (msec)
50
=D609+E609
0.15
Preg (W)
2.25
=D594*(1+E594/F594)
3.39
IL (amps)
0.0044
=D591/(D591+E591)*100
=D618/E618
ANSWERS:
(Use Approp. Units)
0.024
50
IB (mA)
50
IC (mA)
0.024
1.2
50
0.024
dc
1.2
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654

CHAPTER # &
FORMULA #
CHAPTER 25
Formula 25-5
CHAPTER 25
Formula 25-6
CHAPTER 26
Formula 26-1
CHAPTER 26
Formula 26-2
CHAPTER 26
Formula 26-3
CHAPTER 26
Formula 26-4
CHAPTER 26
Formula 26-5
CHAPTER 26
Formula 26-6
CHAPTER 26
Formula 26-7
CHAPTER 26
Formula 26-8
CHAPTER 26
Formula 26-9
CHAPTER 26
Formula 26-10

FORMULAS
To find Alpha of transistor
= IC / IE
To find ac Beta (curr. gain) of trans.

ac = IC / IB
To find voltage gain of amplifier

AV = Vout / Vin
To find current gain of amplifier

AI = Iout / Iin
To find power gain of an amplifier

AP = AV x AI
To find base V with V divider bias

VB VTH = Vcc x R2 / (R1 + R2)
To find emitter curr. with V div. bias

IE = (VB - VBE) / RE
To find collector-emitter voltage

VCE = VCC - IE x (RC + RE)
To find dynamic emitter resistance

re' = 25 mV / IE
To find input impedance

ZIN = R1|| R2|| (Beta +1) x re'
Approximation of output impedance

ZOUT = RC
Approximation of voltage gain

AV = -RC / re'
PARAMETER HEADINGS
AND THEIR VALUES
IC (mA)
IE (mA)
=D621/E621
9.8
IC (mA)
=D624/E624
Vout (Vpp)
Iout (Ipp)
10
AV
50
0.05
24
0.5
20
20
480
AI
=D633*E633
24
VCC (volts)
=D636*F636/(E636+F636)
R1 (ohms)
12
VB (volts)
VBE (volts)
VCC (volts)
2000
1.71
RE (ohms)
0.7
1000
RC (k )
IE (mA)
12
R2 (ohms)
12000
1.714
=D642-(E642*(F642+G642))
1.014
0.001014
RE (k )
3.9
7.03
IE (mA)
(mV)
=D645/E645
=-D654/E654
0.04
Iin (Ipp)
=D630/E630
=D651
0.98
Vin (Vpp)
1.2
=(D639-E639)/F639
10
IB (mA)
=D627/E627
=1/(1/D648+1/E648+(1/(F648+1)))*G648
ANSWERS:
(Use Approp. Units)
25
R1 (ohms)
12000
1.014
R2 (ohms)
2000
24.65
re' (ohms)
Beta
100
24.65
2351.13
RC (ohms)
3000
RC (ohms)
3900
3000
re' (ohms)
24.65
-158.22
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

CHAPTER # &
FORMULA #
655
656 CHAPTER 26
657 Formula 26-11
658
FORMULAS
Approximation of current gain
(R1||R2)/(R1||R2)+( +1)re'

=D657*(E657*F657/(E657+F657))/
((E657*F657/(E657+F657))+(D657+1)*G657
ANSWERS:
(Use Approp. Units)
PARAMETER HEADINGS
AND THEIR VALUES
R1 (ohms)
100
12000
R2 (ohms)
2000
re' (ohms)
24.65
40.78
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693

CHAPTER # &
FORMULA #
CHAPTER 26
Formula 26-12
CHAPTER 26
Formula 26-13
CHAPTER 26
Formula 26-14
CHAPTER 26
Formula 26-15
CHAPTER 26
Formula 26-16
where:

FORMULAS
Approximation of input impedance
ZIN = R1|| R2|| (Beta +1) x (re'+RE1))
Approximation of output impedance

ZOUT = RC
Approximation of voltage gain

AV -RC / (re' + RE1 )
Approximation of current gain

(R1||R2)/(R1||R2)+( +1)x(re'+RE1)
Approx. gain of multistage amplifier

AV = AV1 x AV2 x AV3
ANSWERS:
(Use Approp. Units)
PARAMETER HEADINGS
AND THEIR VALUES
R1 (ohms)
=1/(1/E661+1/F661+(1/((D661+1)*(G661))))
100
R2 (ohms)
12000
2000
(re' +RE1)
1024.65
1686.35
RC (ohms)
=D664
3900
RC (ohms)
=-D667/(E667+F667)
3900
re' (ohms)
3900
24.65
R1 (ohms)
=D670*(E670*F670/(E670+F670))/
((E670*F670/(E670+F670))+(D670+1)*(G670))
100
AV1
10
1000
R2 (ohms)
12000
AV2
=D674*E674*F674
RE1 (ohms)
2000
AV3
-3.81
(re' +RE1)
1024.65
1.63
---
50
50
25000
AV1 = Zin1/(Zin1 + Zs)

AV2 is the gain of first amplifier
AV3 = Zin2/(Zin2 + Zout1)
AV4 is gain of 2nd amp
CHAPTER 26
To approximate ZIN for CC amplifier
Formula 26-17
ZIN = R1||R2|| ((x (re' +RE))
=1/(1/D681+1/E681+(1/((F681+1)*G681)))
CHAPTER 26
To approximate Zout for CC amplifier
Formula 26-18
ZOUT = RE || re'
=1/(1/D684+1/E684)
CHAPTER 26
To approx. v. gain of CC amplifier

AV = RE/(re' + RE)
Formula 26-19
R1 (ohms)
12000
RE (ohms)
500
RE (ohms)
=D687/(E687+F687)
1000
R2 (ohms)
2000
re' + RE
100
1024
1686.33
re' (ohms)
24.65
re' (ohms)
24.65
23.49
RE (ohms)
1000
0.98
Note: AV 1
CHAPTER 26
To approx. curr. gain of CC amplifier

Ai -
Formula 26-20
CHAPTER 26
To find approx Zin of CB amplifier
=-D691
100
RE (ohms)
-100
re' (ohms)
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729

CHAPTER # &
FORMULA #

FORMULAS
Formula 26-21
ZIN = RE || re'
=D694*E694/(D694+E694)
CHAPTER 26
To find approx Zout of CB amplifier
Formula 26-22
ZOUT = RC
=D697
CHAPTER 26
To approx. v. gain of CB amplifier

AV = RC / re'
Formula 26-24
To approx. current gain of CB amp

Ai -1
CHAPTER 26
To define VCE at cutoff condition
Formula 26-25
VCE = VCC
=D706
CHAPTER 26
To find IC value at saturation
Formula 26-26
IC(sat) = VCC/(RC + RE)
=D709/(E709+F709)
CHAPTER 27
To find drain curr JFETs & MOSFETs

ID=IDSS(1-(VGS/VGS(off) ))2
Formula 26-23
CHAPTER 26
Formula 27-1
PARAMETER HEADINGS
AND THEIR VALUES
1000
24.65
ANSWERS:
(Use Approp. Units)
24.06
RC (ohms)
3900
RC (ohms)
=D700/E700
3900
re' (ohms)
3900
24.65
158.22
AI
=D703
-1
-1
12
12
VCC (volts)
VCC (volts)
RC (ohms)
12
RE (ohms)
3900
1000
0.00245
(NOTE: Shockley's equation, shown here for information only!)

CHAPTER 27
Formula 27-2
CHAPTER 27
Formula 27-3
To find transconductance of FET

gm = ID / VGS
To find JFET gate to source V

VGS = VGG
=D716/E716
ID (amps)
VGS(V)
0.002
0.000667
VGG (volts)
=D719
(Note: Using fixed bias)

CHAPTER 27
Formula 27-4
To find JFET drain to source V

VDS = VDD - ID x RD
VDD (volts)
=D723-(E723*F723)
ID (amps)
12
0.005
RD (ohms)
1000
(Note: Using fixed bias)

CHAPTER 27
Formula 27-5

VGS = - ID x RS
(Note: Using self bias)

=-D727*E727
ID (amps)
0.004
RS (ohms)
1000
-4
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765

CHAPTER # &
FORMULA #
CHAPTER 27
Formula 27-6
FORMULAS
To find JFET drain to source V
VDS = VDD - ID x RD - ID x RS

PARAMETER HEADINGS
AND THEIR VALUES
ID (amps)
RD (ohms)
RS (ohms)
VDD (volts)
=D731-(E731*F731)-(E731*G731)
18
0.01
1000
390
ANSWERS:
(Use Approp. Units)
4.1
(Note: Using self and V div. bias)

CHAPTER 27
Formula 27-7
To find JFET gate voltage

VG = VDD x R2 / (R1 + R2)
VDD (volts)
=D735*F735/(E735+F735)
R1 (ohms)
12
R2 (ohms)
100000
33000
2.98
(Note: Using voltage div. bias)

CHAPTER 27
Formula 27-8

VGS = VG - ID x RS
VG (volts)
=D739-(E739*F739)
ID (amps)
2.98
RS (ohms)
0.0085
470
-1.02
(Note: Using V divider bias)

CHAPTER 27
Formula 27-9
To find E-MOSFET drain curr.

ID = k x (VGS - VT)2
(NOTE: Shockley's equation, shown here for information only!)
CHAPTER 27
Formula 27-10
CHAPTER 28
Formula 28-1
(open loop)
CHAPTER 28
Formula 28-2
(open loop)
CHAPTER 28
Formula 28-3
(open loop)
CHAPTER 28
Formula 28-4
To find FET power dissipation

PFET = VDS x ID
To find op-amp output V

Vout = - AVOL x Vin
VDS (volts)
=D747*E747
ID (amps)
0.12
50000
0.0002
-10
(Note: Inverting input)

Vout = AVOL x Vin
Vin (volts)
AVOL
=D754*E754
50000
0.0002
10
(Note: Non-inverting input)

Vout = AVOL x (V1 - V2)

=D758*(E758-F758)
V1 (volts)
AVOL
50000
V2 (volts)
0.002
0.0015
25
(Note: Differential amp circuit config.)

To find inv. op-amp V gain
AV = Vout / Vin
Vout (volts)
=D762/E762
Vin (volts)
-15
(Note: Assuming infinite input z)

CHAPTER 28
0.156
Vin (volts)
AVOL
=-D750*E750
1.3
To find inv. op-amp V gain
Rf (ohms)
Ri (ohms)
-7.5
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773

CHAPTER # &
FORMULA #
Formula 28-5
FORMULAS
AV = -Rf / Ri

=-(D766/E766)
ANSWERS:
(Use Approp. Units)
PARAMETER HEADINGS
AND THEIR VALUES
27000
1800
-15
(Note: Closed loop V gain)

CHAPTER 28
Formula 28-6
CHAPTER 28
Formula 28-7
To find non-inv. op-amp V gain

AV = (Rf / Ri) + 1
To find V gain of V div. non-inv. amp.

AV=[(R2/R1)+1] x [R4/(R4 + R3)]
=(D770/E770)+1
=(E773/D773+1)*((G773/(G773+F773)))
Rf (ohms)
13000
R1 (ohms)
10000
Ri (ohms)
1000
R2 (ohms)
50000
14
R3 (ohms)
20000
R4 (ohms)
10000
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809

CHAPTER # &
FORMULA #
CHAPTER 28
Formula 28-8
CHAPTER 28
Formula 28-9
FORMULAS

To find V out of subtractor circuit

Vout=Vin+x((R2/R1)+1)x(R4/(R4+R3))+
Vin- x (-R2/R1)
G776*(-F776/E776)
To find V out of subtractor circuit

Vout = Vin+ - Vin-
PARAMETER HEADINGS
AND THEIR VALUES
Vin+ (volts)
R1 (ohms)
=D776*(F776/E776+1)*(E778/(E778+D778))+
ANSWERS:
(Use Approp. Units)
R2 (ohms)
10000
R4 (ohms)
5000
5000
R3 (ohms)
Vin+ (volts)
Vin- (volts)
10000
Vin- (volts)
=D781-E781
-5
-7
(Note: Simplified formula when

R1=R2=R3=R4)
CHAPTER 28
Formula 28-10
CHAPTER 28
Formula 28-11
To find V out of summing amplifier

Vout=Vin1 x (-Rf/R1)+Vin2 x (-Rf/R2)

Vout=Vin1 x (-Rf/R1)+Vin2 x (-Rf/R2) +
Formula 28-12
Rf&R1&R2
2
Vin1 (volts)
5
R2 (ohms)
R3 (ohms)

Vout = (1+R2/R1) x [Vin1xR4/(R3+R4)] +
R1 (ohms)
=(1+E795/D795)*(D797*(G795/(F795+G795))+
Vin2 x R3/(R3 + R4)]
E797*F795/(F795+G795))
10000
20000
Vin1 (volts)
Vin2 (volts)
10000
To find V out. change for integ. circ.

Vout-Vin / (R x C)] x t

=D800/(E800*F800)*G800
- V in
CHAPTER 28
To find V out. for differentiator circ.

Vout = (-R x C) x (Vint)
R (ohms)
To find V output of instrum. amp.

Vout = (1 + 2 x R/RG) x (V2 - V1)
To find upper thresh. pt. of Sch. trig.

UTP = Vmax x [R1/(R1 + R2)]
CHAPTER 28
Formula 28-15
CHAPTER 28
Formula 28-16
Vin3 (volts)
(-F792/E792)
(Note: 3-input inverting amp with R1 and R3 of equal value)
CHAPTER 28
Formula 28-13
=(D803*E803)*(F803/G803)
=(1+2*D806/E806)*(F806-G806)
=D809*(E809/(E809+F809))
10000
Vmax (volts)
12
-2.5
1000
R3 (ohms)
R4 (ohms)
10000
C (F)
R (ohms)
1000
20000
5.5
t (sec)
0.01
Vin (V)
0.01
RG (ohms)
R (ohms)
5000
Rf (ohms)
2.5
C (F)
-1000
-5
R1 (ohms)
5
5000
R2 (ohms)
-3
1.5
Formula 28-14
Vin2 (volts)
10000
Vin2 (volts)
D790*(-F792/G790)+(E790)*(-F792/D792)+(F790)*
Vin3 x (-Rf/R3)
CHAPTER 28
Vin1 (volts)
=D786*(-E786/E786)+F786*(-E786/E786)
(Note: For inverting amplifier with all R's equal value)
10000
-1.5
-5
0.5
7.5
t (sec)
0.5
V2 (volts)
5000
R1 (ohms)
V1 (volts)
2
R2 (ohms)
100000
1.09
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845

CHAPTER # &
FORMULA #
CHAPTER 28
Formula 28-17
CHAPTER 28
Formula 28-18
FORMULAS

Formula 28-19
Vmin (volts)
R1 (ohms)
To find output V of IC audio amplifier

Vout = Vin x [R1B / (R1A+R1B-jXC1)]
Vin (volts)
=(D815*E815)/SQRT((F815+E815)^2+(G815)^2)*
0.1
2000
RSPK (ohms) jXC2 (ohms)
=D812*(E812/(E812+F812))
(20*D817)/SQRT(D817^2+E817^2)
(Note: R1A and R1B = input signal potentiometer)
CHAPTER 28
PARAMETER HEADINGS
AND THEIR VALUES
To find lower thresh. pt. of Sch. trig.

LTP = Vmin x [R1/(R1 + R2)]
x 20 x [RSPK) / (RSPK-jXC2 )]
To find Vout of OTA diff. amplifier

Vout = (V1 - V2) x k x IBIAS x RL
ANSWERS:
(Use Approp. Units)
-12
10000
R1B (ohms)
8
V1 (volts)
=(D820-E820)*F820*(G820*D822)
R2 (ohms)
100000
R1A (ohms)
8000
-1.09
jXC1 (ohms)
723.4
0.397
0.7234
V2 (volts)
0.2
IBIAS (amps)
0.15
20
0.000486
4.86
RL(ohms)
10000
CHAPTER 28
Formula 28-20
To find UTP V for Sch. trig. comp.

UTP = IBIAS x R1
IBIAS (amps)
=D825*E825
R1 (ohms)
0.000486
10000
4.86
where:
IBIAS = VBIAS - V - - 0.7/RBIAS
To find LTP V for Sch. trig. comp.
LTP = -IBIAS x R1
Formula 28-21
CHAPTER 28
To find fC of 1st order low-pass filter
Formula 28-22
fc = 1/(2 x R x C)
=1/(D833*E833*F833)
CHAPTER 28
To find Vout of 1st order low-pass filt.
Formula 28-23
Vout = Vin x [-jXC/(R-jXC)] x (1+R2/R1)
=D836*E836/SQRT(F836^2+E836^2)*
CHAPTER 28
IBIAS (amps)
=D830*E830
(1+G836/D838)
R1 (ohms)
-0.000486
2
10000
R (ohms)
6.28
Vin (volts)
1000
- j XC
-4.86
C (farads)
0.000001
R (ohms)
10000
10000
159.24
R2 (ohms)
10000
1.414
R1 (ohms)
10000
CHAPTER 28
To find fC of 1st order hi-pass filter
Formula 28-24
fc = 1/(2 x R x C)
=1/(D841*E841*F841)
CHAPTER 28
To find Vout of 1st order hi-pass filt.
Formula 28-25
Vout = Vin x [R/(R - jXC)] x (1+R2/R1)
=D844*(E844/SQRT(E844^2+F844^2))
*(1+G844/D846))
R (ohms)
6.28
Vin (volts)
R (ohms)
1
R1 (ohms)
10000
10000
C (farads)
2.2E-009
7238
R2 (ohms)
- j XC
10000
10000
1.414
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881

CHAPTER # &
FORMULA #
FORMULAS

ANSWERS:
(Use Approp. Units)
PARAMETER HEADINGS
AND THEIR VALUES
10000
CHAPTER 28
Formula 28-26
To find center f of bandpass filter

fo=1/2 x[R1xR2/(R1+R2)]xR3xC1xC2)
R1 (ohms)
=1/(6.28*SQRT(D849*E849/(D849+E849)*
1000
C2 (farads)
F849*G849*D851))
R2 (ohms)
R3 (ohms)
1000
C1 (farads)
20000 0.00000001
7345
4.7E-009
CHAPTER 28
To find the BW of bandpass filter

BW = fo/Q
To find low cutoff f of bandpass filter

fc1 = fo - BW/2
To find upper cutoff f of bandps. filt.

fc2 = fo + BW/2
To find center f of bandstop filter

fo = 1/(2 x R1 x R2 x C1 x C2 )
To find digit. dec. value for ADC circ.

DATA = Vin1 x (255/5 V) dec. rep.
Formula 28-31
CHAPTER 28
To find Vout for DAC coverter
Formula 28-32
Vout = (-VREF/R14) x [D 7 /2)+(D6/4)+D5/8)
=(-D869/E869)*((F869/2)+(G869/4)+(D871/8)
+(D4/16)+(D3/32)+(D2/64)+(D1/128)+
+(E871/16)+(F871/32)+(G871/64)+(D873/128)
(D0/256)] x (- R1)
+(E873/256))*(-F873)
Formula 28-27
CHAPTER 28
Formula 28-28
CHAPTER 28
Formula 28-29
CHAPTER 28
Formula 28-30
CHAPTER 28
fo (Hz)
=D854/E854
Q
7345
fo (Hz)
=D857-(E857/2)
3.16
BW (Hz)
7345
fo (Hz)
=D860+(E860/2)
2324
R1 (ohms)
2324
R2 (ohms)
1000
fr = 1/2 x LC
=1/(D876*SQRT(E876*F876))
CHAPTER 29
To find fr of a Hartley Osc. circuit
Formula 29-2
fr = 1/2 x LtC
=1/(D879*SQRT(E879*F879))
CHAPTER 29
To find LT in Hartley Osc. tank circuit
C2 (farads)
0.00000001 0.00000001
3561
VREF (volts)
102
R14 (ohms)
10
D5
D4
0.00004
Lt (H)
2
6.28
5.390625
R1 (ohms)
L (H)
6.28
0
D2
0
D0
D6
1
D3
L1A (H)
D7
10000
Formula 29-1
C1 (farads)
20000
D1
To find fr of LC tank circuit
8507
Vin1 (volts)
=D866*(255/5)
CHAPTER 29
6183
BW (Hz)
7345
=1/(6.28*SQRT(D863*E863*F863*G863))
2324
0.00004
L1B (H)
10000
C (farads)
1E-010
2517737
C (farads)
1E-010
2517737
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
882
883
884
885
886
887
888

CHAPTER # &
FORMULA #
FORMULAS

PARAMETER HEADINGS
AND THEIR VALUES
Formula 29-3
Lt = L1A + L1B
=D882+E882
CHAPTER 29
To find fr of a Colpitts Osc. circuit
Formula 29-4
fr = 1/2 x L1CT
=1/(D885*SQRT(E885*F885))
CHAPTER 29
To find CT in Colpitts Osc. tank circ.
C1 (farads)
Formula 29-5
CT = C1 x C2/(C1 + C2)
=D888*E888/(D888+E888)
0.000000001
0.00002
2
0.00002
0.00004
CT (farads)
L (H)
6.28
ANSWERS:
(Use Approp. Units)
0.0001
3.33E-010
872606
C2 (farads)
5E-010
0.000000000333
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924

CHAPTER # &
FORMULA #
FORMULAS

PARAMETER HEADINGS
AND THEIR VALUES
CHAPTER 29
To find CT in Clapp Osc. tank circuit
C1 (farads)
Formula 29-6
CT = 1/(1/C1 + 1/C2 + 1/C3)
C2 (farads)
=1/(1/D891+1/E891+1/F891)
0.000000001
CHAPTER 29
To find fr of a phase-shift oscillator
Formula 29-7
fr = 1/2 x R x C x 6
=1/((D894*E894*F894*SQRT(6)))
0.0000001
R (ohms)
6.28
ANSWERS:
(Use Approp. Units)
C3 (farads)
0.0000001
0.000000000980
C (farads)
3300
0.00000001
1970
(Note: All R's = and All C's = value)

CHAPTER 29
To find fr of Wien bridge oscillator
Formula 29-8
fr = 1/2 x R x C
=1/(D898*E898*F898)
CHAPTER 29
Estimated timing for monostable MV

ton = 0.69 x RC x C
Est. timing for 555 type mono. MV

tw = 1.1 x RC x C
Formula 29-10
CHAPTER 29
Formula 29-11
Est. timing intervals for astable MV

t = 0.7 x R x C

=0.7*D907*E907
RC1 (ohms)
CHAPTER 29
Operating freq. of an astable MV

f = 1/1.38 x RC x C
RC (ohms)
Formula 29-9
CHAPTER 29
Formula 29-12
=0.69*D901*E901
=1.1*D904*E904
=1/(1.38*D910*E910)
R (ohms)
6.28
RC (ohms)
C (farads)
100000
0.0000001
15.92
C (farads)
100000
RC (ohms)
0.0000001
0.0069
C (farads)
1000000
0.00001
11
CC1 (Fd)
10000 0.00000001
0.00007
C (farads)
47000 0.00000001
1542
Note: If R's = value and C's = vaues

CHAPTER 29
Formula 29-13
Operating freq. of an IC astable MV

f = 1/0.69 x C x (RA + 2 x RB)
CHAPTER 30
CHAPTER 31
To find V to be dropped by R in LED circ.

VR = VS - VD
Formula 31-1
CHAPTER 31
Formula 31-2
To find R value for given LED curr.

R = VR / ID
(Note: Knowing that VR = VS-VD)
RA (ohms)
C (farads)
=1/(0.69*D914*(E914+2*F914))
0.000000001
VS (volts)
=D919-E919
=D922/E922
10000
RB (ohms)
47000
13935
VD (volts)
12
VR (volts)
1.5
10.5
ID (amps)
7.5
0.015
500
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

CHAPTER # &
FORMULA #
925 CHAPTER 31
926 Formula 31-3
FORMULAS
To find R value for given LED curr.
R = (VS - VD) / ID

=(D926-E926)/F926
PARAMETER HEADINGS
AND THEIR VALUES
VD (volts)
ID (amps)
VS (volts)
9
1.5
0.015
ANSWERS:
(Use Approp. Units)
500
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941

CHAPTER # &
FORMULA #
CHAPTER 31
Formula 31-4
FORMULAS
To find I in photodiode circuit
I = R x PRCVD

PARAMETER HEADINGS
AND THEIR VALUES
PRCVD
R (ohms)
=D929*E929
ANSWERS:
(Use Approp. Units)
100000 (unknown)
(Need value for E929)
(Note: Knowing device spectral response

and amount of received optical power)
CHAPTER 31
Formula 31-5
To find opto-isolator current

IC = CTR x ID
ID (amps)
CTR
=D934*E934
0.01
0.01
333
-20
(Note: CTR is current transfer ratio)

CHAPTER 31
Formula 31-6
CHAPTER 31
Formula 31-7
Power gain/loss in fiber optic cable

A = 10 log10 (Pout / Pin)
Find output power of fiber optic cbl.

Pout = Pin x ( 10A/10 )
Pout (W)
=10*LOG(D938/E938,10)
=D941*(10^-20/10)
Pin (W)
3.33
Pin (W)
333
3.33E-019

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CHAPTER-BY-CHAPTER FORMULAS AND SAMPLE EXCEL EQUIVALENT SPREADSHEET FORMULAS

EXCEL EQUIVALENT FORMULAS

Excel formula in column H is:

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Excel formula in column H is:

To find power in watts

Excel formula in column H is:

CHAPTER-BY-CHAPTER FORMULAS AND SAMPLE EXCEL EQUIVALENT SPREADSHEET FORMULAS

EXCEL EQUIVALENT FORMULAS

To find power in watts

To find total R in ohms

Excel formula in column H is:

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Excel formula in column H is:

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Excel formula in column H is:

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Excel formula in column H is:

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Excel formula in column H is:

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Excel formula in column H is:

To find IT in a parallel circuit

Excel formula in column H is:

To find GT in a parallel circuit

Excel formula in column H is:

GT = 1/R1 + 1/R2 +1/Rn

To find RT in a parallel circuit

Excel formula in column H is:

To find GT in a parallel circuit

Excel formula in column H is:

To find RT in a parallel circuit

Excel formula in column H is:

Excel formula in column H is:

CHAPTER-BY-CHAPTER FORMULAS AND SAMPLE EXCEL EQUIVALENT SPREADSHEET FORMULAS

EXCEL EQUIVALENT FORMULAS

To find Ru for a parallel circuit

Excel formula in column H is:

CHAPTER-BY-CHAPTER FORMULAS AND SAMPLE EXCEL EQUIVALENT SPREADSHEET FORMULAS

EXCEL EQUIVALENT FORMULAS

To find IX in a specific branch

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Excel formula in column H is:

To find I2 in a parallel circuit