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Flexure formula
Prof Schierle
F = a y f/c
M = y a y f/c
M = a y2 f/c
f = Mc / I
f = Mc / a y2
I = a y2
I = Moment of Inertia
Calculus defines the area a as differential area da
and the sum sign as integration sign
I = y2 da
I = Moment of Inertia
f = Mc / I
Flexure Formula
f = bending stress at any distance c from NA.
For maximum stress the flexure formula simplifies to
f=M/S
S = I / c = Section Modulus
Flexure formula
Prof Schierle
Prof Schierle
Moment of Inertia
1 Stress block
2 Moment of Inertia as parabolic volume
3 T-beam with asymmetric stress block
4 L-bar stress blocks about X, Y, and Z-axis
The Moment of Inertia formula
I = y2da
reveals, resistance of areas da increases quadratic
with the distance from NA (parabolic distribution).
The Moment of Inertia parabolic volume is
1/3 the volume of a cube of equal dimensions:
I = 1/3 bd (d/2)2 I = 1/3 bd3 / 4
I = Moment of Inertia
I = bd3/12
for rectangular beams only
From previous derivation, the flexure formula
f=Mc/I
defines stress at any distance c from NA (needed for
asymmetrical shapes, such as T or L-shapes).
Flexure formula
Prof Schierle
Moment of Inertia
Effect of shapes
1 Upright joist: 2x12, I = 2 (12)3/12 I = 288 in4
2 Flat joist: 12x2,
I = 12 (2)3/12
I = 8 in4
Flexure formula
Prof Schierle
Flexure formula
Prof Schierle
Examples
Design
Defines beam size for actual loads and allowable stress of selected material
Analysis
Checks if a given beam satisfies allowable stress of the actual material
Assume:
Wood
Allowable bending stress
Allowable shear stress (parallel to fiber)
Steel
Yield strength
Allowable bending stress (0.6 Fy)
Allowable shear stress (0.4 Fy)
Fb = 1200 psi
Fv = 95 psi
Fy = 50 ksi
Fb = 30 ksi
Fv = 20 ksi
Note:
F = allowable stress
f = actual stress
Flexure formula
Prof Schierle
Beam analysis
Mc=0 =16 Rb-1000(20)-300(4)18-200(16)8
Rb=(20000+21600+25600)/16
Rb = 4200 lb
Mb=0 =-16Rc-1000(4)-300(4)2+200(16)8
Rc=(-4000-2400+25600)/16
Rc = 1200 lb
Shear
Var = 0 - 1000
Var= -1000 lb
Vbl = -1000 - 300 (4)
Vbl =-2200 lb
Vbr = -2200 + 4200
Vbr = +2000 lb
Vcl = +2000 - 200(16) = - Rc
Vcl = -1200 lb
Find x (V = 0 Mmax)
Vbr - w X = 0; X = Vbr / w = 2000 / 200 X = 10 ft
Bending moment
Mb = 4(-1000-2200)/2
Mb= -6400 lb
Mx = -6400+10 (2000)/2
Mx= +3600 lb
Section modulus
S=bd2/6 =(3.5)11.252/6
S = 74 in3
Bending stress
fb=M/S= 6400(12)/74
fb=1038psi<1200
Shear stress
fv= 84 psi < 95
fv=1.5V/(bd)=1.5(2200)/[3.5(11.25)]
Flexure formula
Prof Schierle
2
30 k
-36k
30 k
360 k
Flexure formula
Flexure formula
Prof Schierle
10
Flexure formula
11
Flexure Formula
Dont over stress
or else
Flexure formula
Prof Schierle
12