GUIDELINES

1.

Presentation of the Problem.

The start of the introduction is the presentation

of the problem, that is, what the problem is all
about. This will indicate what will be covered by
the study.

Example: Suppose that the investigation is about the

teaching of science in the high schools of Province A.

The discussion may start with this topic sentence:

There is no other period in world history when

science has been making its greatest impact upon
humankind than it is today.

(Prolong the discussion citing the multifarious and

wonderful benefits that science is giving to humanity
today. Later, in connection wit science, the topic for
inquiry may be presented as the teaching of science
in the high schools of Province A during the school
year 1989- 1990 as perceived by the science teachers
and students.)

2. The existence of an unsatisfactory condition, a

felt problem that needs a solution.
Example: The teaching of science in the high schools
of Province A has been observed to be weak as
shown by the results of the survey tests given to the
students recently. The causes must be found so that
remedial measures may be instituted. (The
discussion may be prolonged further)

3. Reasons for conducting the study.

The reason or reasons why it is necessary to
conduct the study must be discussed.
Example: One of the Thrust of the Department
of Education, Culture and Sports and of the
government for that matter is to strengthen the
teaching of science. It is necessary to conduct
this inquiry to find out how to strengthen the
instruction of science in the province. (This may
be prolonged)

4. Historical background of the

problem.

For a historical background of the

research problem of the teaching of
science, the first satellite to orbited
the earth, educational systems all
over the world including that the
Philippines have been trying hard to
improve their science curricula and
instruction (This can be explained
further)

5. A desire to have deeper

and cleared understanding
of a situation,
circumstance, or
phenomenon.

If the teaching of science in the high schools of

Province A is the topic, the researcher must
explain his earnest desire to have a deeper and
clearer understanding of the situation so that he
will be in a better position to initiate remedial
measures.

6. A desire to find a better way of doing

something or of improving a product.
The researcher must also explain his desire to
find a better way in teaching science in the
high schools of Province A to improve the
outcome of instruction.

7. A desire to discover something.

In connection with the teaching of science in
the high schools of Province A, the researcher
may have the desire to discover what is wrong
with the instruction and a desire to discover
better ways of teaching the subject. He may
discuss his desire to discover such thing.

8. Geographical conditions of
the study locale.
This is necessary in
anthropological and economic
studies. If the subject of
investigation is rice production,
then the terrain, soil, climate,
rainfall, etc. of the study locale
have to be described.

9. A link between the introduction and the

statement of the problem.
A sentence or two should how the link between
the introduction and the conducting of the
researcher.
Example: The researcher got very much
interested in determining the status of teaching
science in the high schools of Province A and so
he conducted this research.

Guidelines in writing the scope and delimitations.

The scope and delimitations should include the
following:
1. A brief statement of the general purpose of the
study.
2. The subject matter and topics studied and
discussed.
3. The locale of the study, where the data were
gathered or the entity to which the data belong.

Guidelines in writing the scope and

delimitations. The scope and delimitations
should include the following:

4. The population or universe from which the

respondents were selected. This must be large
enough to make generalizations significant.
5. The period of the study. This is the time,
either months or years, during which the data
were gathered.

Example: This investigation was conducted to determine the

status of the teaching of science in the high schools of Province
A as perceived by the teachers and students in science classes
during the school year 1989-1990. the aspects looked into were
the qualifications of teachers, their methods and strategies,
facilities forms of supervisory assistance, problems and
proposed solutions to problems.

General purpose: To determine the status of the teaching of

science.
Subject matter: The teaching of science.
Topics (aspects) studied: Qualifications of teachers. Their
methods and strategies, facilities, form of supervisory
assistance, problems and proposed solutions to the
problems.
Population or universe: teachers and students
Locale of the study: High schools of province A.
Period of the study: School year 1989-1990.

Limitations of the study include the weaknesses of the

study beyond the control of the researcher.

This is especially true in descriptive research where the

variables involved
are uncountable or continuous variables such as adequacy,
effectiveness, efficiency, extent, etc.

The weaknesses spring out of the inaccuracies of the

perceptions of the respondents.

For instance, library facilities may be rated as very

adequate by 50 students, fairly adequate by 30 students,
inadequate by 20 students, and very inadequate by 15
students. Certainly, with these ratings, not all of them
could be correct in their assessment. Some could have
inaccurate if not entirely wrong perceptions.

Guidance in explaining the importance of the study. The rationale,

timeliness, and/or relevance of the study to existing conditions must
contain explanations or discussions of any or all of the following:
1. The rationale, timeliness and/or relevance of the study. The
rationale,
timeliness and/or relevance of the study to existing conditions must
be
explained or discussed.
For instance, a survey test in science reveals that the performance of
the students in the high schools of Province A is poor. It must be
pointed out that it is a strong reason why an investigation of the
teaching in science in the said high schools is necessary. Also, the study
is timely and relevant because today, it is science and technology that
are making some nations very highly industrialized and progressive. So,
if science is properly studied and taught and then applied, it can also
make the country highly
industrialized and progressive.

2. Possible solutions to existing problems or

improvement to
unsatisfactory conditions.
The poor performance of the students in the
high schools of Province A in a survey test in
science should be explained as a problem and
an unsatisfactory condition. So if the inquiry is
made the possible causes of the poor
performance of the students in the science
survey test may be discovered so that remedial
measures may be instituted to solve the
problem or the unsatisfactory situation.

3. Who are to be benefited and how they are going

to be benefited. It
must be shown who are the individuals, groups, or
communities who may be placed in a more
advantageous position on account of the study.
In the inquiry conducted about the teaching of science,
for instance, some weaknesses of the instructional
program may be discovered. This will benefit the
administrators of the high schools in Province A because
they can make the findings of the study as a basis of
formulating their supervisory plans for the ensuing year.
They may include in their plans some measures to
correct the weaknesses so as to strengthen the
instruction. In turn, the students will also benefit for
learning more science. In the long run, the whole
country will enjoy the good results of the study.

4. Possible contribution to the fund of knowledge.

If in the study it is found out that the inductive method is
very effective in the teaching of science, it should be
pointed out that this can be a contribution of the study
to the fund of knowledge.
5. Possible implications.
It should be discussed here that the implications include
the possible causes of the problems discovered, the
possible effects of the problems, and the remedial
measures to solve the problems. Implications also include
the good points of a system which ought to be continued
or to be improved if possible.