Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs

(1)
Drug name:
- Ketoprofen
Classification:
- NSAIDs
Therapeutic Effects/Uses:

OTC (over-the-counter)
pain

Mechanism of Actions:

Side Effects:
nausea and

- Analgesic for mild to moderate

- Temporary relief of aches and pains
associated with the common cold,
toothache, headache, muscle aches,
backache,
menstrual
cramps
(dysmenorrhea), reduction of fever, and
minor arthritic pain.
- Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis.
Possesses
anti-inflammatory,
antipyretic and analgesic properties.
- Abdominal pain/cramps, diarrhea,

Adverse Effects:
Life-Threatening Reaction:
dyscracias,

vomiting,
constipation,
flatulence,
dyspepsia/indigestion, headache, CNS
depression or excitation, impaired renal
function, edema.
- GI: peptic ulcer, GI Bleeding
- cardiac dysrhythmias, blood
nephrotoxicity, anaphylaxis

Pharmacodynamics:
Onset
Peak
Duration

- 15-30 minutes
- 0.5-2 hours
- 4-6 hours

Note Use with caution in clients with a history of GI Tract Disorders, in fluid
retention, HPN, and heart failure.

Dosage
6 hours. If

- 12.5 mg. with a full glass of liquid every 4 to

pain or fever persists after 1 hour follow with
an additional 12.5 mg. Experience may
determine that the initial dose of 25 mg. gives
a better effect. Do not exceed a dose of 25 mg.
in -4 to -6 hour period or 75 mg. in a 75 mg. in
a 24 hours period.

Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs

(2)
Drug name:
- Naproxen Sodium
Classification:
- NSAIDs
Therapeutic Effects/Uses:

OTC (over-the-counter)

Mechanism of Actions:

Side Effects:
pruritus, skin

Adverse Effects:
GI

- Mild to moderate pain

- Relief of aches and pains due to the
common cold, toothache, headache,
muscle aches, backache, minor arthritis
and pain due to menstrual cramps
(dysmenorrhea).
- Reduction of fever
-Anti-inflammatory effect is likely due to
inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase (COX)
results in the decreased of prostaglandin
synthesis. Effective in reducing join
swelling, pain and morning stiffness, as
well as to increase mobility in those with
inflammatory disease. Does not alter the
course of the disease, however.
- The antipyretic action occurs by
decreasing prostaglandin synthesis in the
hypothalamus resulting in the increase in
peripheral blood flow and heat loss, as
well as promoting sweating, thus
decreasing in body temperature.
- Headache, dizziness, drowsiness,
eruptions,
constipation,
dyspepsia/indigestion, edema, dyspnea,
tinnitus
- NSAIDs cause an increased risk serious
adverse reactions including bleeding,
ulceration, and perforation of the
stomach or intestines.
- Myocardial Infarction, stroke

Life-Threatening Reaction:
Pharmacodynamics:
o For analgesia
Onset
- 30 minutes
Peak
- 1-2 hours
Duration
- approximately 7 hours
o For anti-inflammatory effect
Onset
- 2 weeks

Dosage
water. For

Duration

- 2-4
- 220 mg. every 8-12 hours with a full glass of
some clients, 440 mg. initially followed by 220
mg. 12 hours later will provide better relief. Do
not exceed 660 mg. in a 24-hour period. Do not
exceed 220 mg. every 12 hours for geriatric
clients. Not to use for children less than 12
years old unless directed by a physician.

ANTIBIOTIC (2nd Generation Cephalosporin)

(1)
Drug name:
- Cefaclor
Classification:
Antibiotic,
2nd-generation
cephalosporin
Therapeutic Effects/Uses:
- To treat ear infections
-ampicillin-resistant strains
-To
treat
otitis
media
due
to
Streptococcus pneumoniae, S. pyogenes
and staphylococci.
-To treat pharyngitis and tonsillitis caused
by S. pyogenes.
-To treat lower respiratory tract infections
(including
pneumonia)
due
to
S.
pneumonia,
H.
influenza
and
S.
pyogenes.
-To treat UTIs caused by E. coli, Proteus
mirabilis,
Klebsiella
species,
and
coagulase-negative and staphylococci.
Mechanism of Actions:
- Inhibition of cell wall synthesis, causing
cell
death.
-Bactericidal effect.
Side Effects:
- Pruritus, headache, vertigo,
weakness, nausea
and vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain,
GI Upset, yeast infection of the mouth
and vagina
Adverse Effects:
- superinfections, urticaria
Life-Threatening Reaction:
- renal failure
Pharmacodynamics:
o Per Orem
Onset
- rapid
Peak
- 0.5-2 hours
Duration
- unknown

Dosage
o Adult, usual
double dose in

o Children
hours.

- 250 mg. every 8 hours. May

more severe infections or those caused
by less susceptible organisms. Do not
exceed 4 grams/days.
- 20 mg./kg./day in divided doses every 8

May double dose in more serious

infections, otitis media, or for infections
caused by less susceptible organisms.
For otitis media and pharyngitis, the total
daily dose may be divided and given
every 12 hours. Do not exceed a total
dose of 2 gm./day.