Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
a. Innate immunity
i. Skin prevents entry of microorganisms.
ii. Tears, saliva, and blood contains lysozyme that kills bacteria.
iii. Macrophages and neutrophils destroy microorganisms.
iv. Complement system is a group of 20 blood proteins that bind to surface
of foreign cells leading to their destruction.
b. Humoral Immunity
i. Antibodies specially recognize and bind to microorganisms. It binds to
antigens. Depends on the 3-D shape of the protein.
ii. Binding of antibody to antigen can inactivate the antigen, can induce
phagocytosis, and can activate the complement system.
iii. B-cells recognize the antigenplasma cells actively produce and secrete
antibody proteins into the plasma. (Primary immune response) Memory
cells becomes dormant and will reappear if antigen starts showing up
again. (Secondary immune response)
c. Cell-Mediated Immunity and the T-Cell
i. T-helper cells activate B cells, T killer cells, and other cells. It also release
two special hormones called lymphokines and interleukins.
ii. T-killer cells destroy virus-infected host cells, cancer cells, and foreign
cells.
iii. Thymus destroys the self-specific T cells. T cells proliferate after if
stimulated by antigen.
iv. All of our cells have MHC proteins (Their role is to pick up peptides from
inside of cell and display on cell surface) on their surfaces Killer T cells
can activate if a virus protein is displayed for MHC 1.
v. For MHC 2, cells display fragment of antigen after destroying itT helper
cells will bind to it and activate B cells.
d. Other Tissues involved in the Immune Response
i. Spleen filters the blood and destroys aged RBCs.
ii. Thymus is the site for maturation of T cells.
iii. Tonsils and appendix catch patogens.