MultipleWaveSpectra

RichardMay TeamLead,Aqwadevelopment

2011ANSYS,Inc.

November26,2012

1.Introduction

Oceanwaveswithdifferentfrequencies anddirections
areverydifficulttomodelmathematically
Varioussimplified theories&spectralmodelsofoceanwaves
smallamplitudelinearAirywave
higherorderStokeswave
longcrestedirregularwaves
multipledirectional(shortcrested)irregularwaves
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Wavesinduceforcesonoffshorestructures:

thewaveexcitingforcesatwavefrequency

nonlinearwaveforces:
lowfrequencydriftforce&sumfrequencyforces,
duetotheinstantaneouswettedhullsurfacevarying,
impact,slammingforces.

Longcrestedwavecasedoesnotnecessarilyleadto
conservativeresults,
theinteractioneffectbetweenwavesfromdifferent
directionsmaybeimportant(Renaud etal.2008)
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2.OceanWavesModelinginAqwa
13.0andbefore
Airywave
SecondorderStokeswave

same

Formulatedspectrum
Userdefinespectrum
Importedwaveelevation(IWHT)

same

Main+crossswell
Spreadingwaves
2Dcarpetwaves

14.0andthereafter

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Spectralgroup
Anycombination

same
14.0 inLibriumandDrift
14.5 inFer

same

onesubdirninLine&Naut

Structureofwavespectralgroup
WaveSpectralGroup

Singlespectrum

Main+crossswell

2DCarpet

SpreadSea

ImportedWHT

1subdirn

2subdirns

Upto41
subdirns

7subdirns

1subdirn

Upto5IWHTs
Upto20Spectra,41subdirections
*IWHTs:Importedfilesofwaveelevationtimehistory
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DefinitionofspectralgroupinAqwasuite
13SPGR
13SGNM
UDEF + PSMZ + 2 IWHTs
13CURR
0.5
50.0
13ISOW
13WIND
15.0
150.0
*-------------------------------------------------13NAME
1.UDEF - LONG CRESTED
*-------------------------------------------------13SEED 1005
13SPDN
0.000
13UDEF
0.3142
0.0000
...
13UDEF
1.8850
0.4618
13FINI
*--------------------------------------------------13NAME
2. LONG CRESTED -FORMULATTED
*--------------------------------------------------13SEED 1006
13PSMZ
0.3
2.5
0.001
*--------------------------------------------------13NAME
3. IMPORTED WAVE ELEVATION
*--------------------------------------------------13SEED 1007
13IWHT
MTWAVE1.WHT
13IWHT
MTWAVE2.WHT
13NODR
END13

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Spectralgroup&name
Onecurrent/windsetting

Wavespectrumdefinition

Seeddefinition
7.0

(seeAqwa reference4.13.6
fordefaultvalues)

Ignore2nd forceofthis
subdirectionalspectrum

DefinitionofspectralgroupinAqwaWorkbench

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3.MultiDirectionalWaveEffectsonLoads
Waverepresentation:Linearsuperposition nointeraction
Nd Nw

i (K X cos K Y sin t

( X , t ) a jm e

jm

jm

jm

jm )

m 1 j 1

1st orderwaveexcitingforce:Linearsuperposition
N d Nw
1
(1) i ( jm t jm )
F (t ) a jm F jm e
m 1 j 1
Morisondragforce:Linearsuperpositionoffluid particlevelocities

1
C d U r ( t ) U r ( t ),
2
Nd Nw
i ( jm
U r ( t ) a jm V jm ( X ) e
Fd ( t )

m 1 j 1

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t jm )

UC U S

Secondorderwaveforces
Nd Nd N m N n
( 2)

F (t ) a jm akn{ Pjkmn
cos[( jm kn ) t ( jm kn )]
m 1 n 1 j 1 k 1

Q jkmn sin[( jm kn ) t ( jm kn )]

Pjkmn
cos[( jm kn ) t ( jm kn )]

Q jkmn sin[( jm kn ) t ( jm kn )] },

Quadruplesummations
Interactionbetweenfrequencies (sumanddifference)
andbetweendirections

Driftdamping(Kimetal,1997)
Nd

Nd Nw

B11 11 ( j ; m , n )Fx ( j ; m , n ),
m 1 n 1 j 1

1
1
2K j

) (sinm
)}
11(j ; m, n ) { (cosm cosn ) (k j

sinn
2
j Cgj Cgj
m
n
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 MeanDriftforceformultiple directionalwavecase
F

( 2)

Nd

Nd Nw

a jm a jn{ Pjjmn
cos( jm jn ) Qjjmn sin( jm jn )}
m1 n1 j 1

MeanDriftforceforsingle directionalwavecase
F

Nw

a j P jj

(2)

j 1

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Triplesummationsincludingdirectionalcoupling,
Inphaseandoutofphasecomponents,
Sensitivetowaveletrandomphases.
November26,2012

ForcespectruminFer
Firstorderwaveexcitingforce
Nd

2
(1)
Fm ( ) S m ( )

S F (1) ( )

m 1

Differencefrequencysecondorder waveforce(v14.5)
Nd Nd

SF ( 2) () {8 Sm ( )Sn ( ) Dmn (, ) d},

2

m1 n1

Dmn (, )
2

Pmn
( ,

Totalwaveforce
SF () SF (1) () SF ( 2) ()
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Qmn
( ,

Secondorderforcecoefficients

1
g r( 1 ) r( 1 ) n dl
F (2)
2
WL

1
[ ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ] n dS

2 S0

[ X

S0
(1 )

S0

(1 )

d (1 )
] n dS

dt

Waterlineintegral
Bernoulli
Acceleration

F (1 )

Momentum

d (2)
n dS
dt

2nd orderpotential

withoutthe5th termandusingcomplexvaluesforunitwaveamplitude

1
1
'
'
n dl [ 'jm 'kn ] n dS
( Pjkmn
, Q jkmn ) g rjm
rkn
4
4 S0
WL
'
'
d 'kn
1
1
[ X jm
] n dS 'jm [ M s Xgkn
],
dt
2 S0
2

1
1
'
'*
n dl [ 'jm '*
( Pjkmn
, Q jkmn ) g rjm
rkn
kn ] n dS
4
4 S0
WL
'*
'
'*

1
d kn
1
[ X jm
] n dS 'jm [ M s Xgkn
].
2 S0
dt
2
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4.ExtendedNewmansApproximation

(
P
,
Q
,
P
,
Q
jkmn
jkmn
jkmn
jkmn )
Storedatabase,

(Pjkmn
, Q jkmn , Pjkmn
, Q jkmn )
Interpolatingofallwaveletsateachtimestep,

Quadruplesummationofall2nd orderforcecomponents

isnumericallyprohibitive
Newmansapproximationforsingle directionalwaves

1
P jk ' [ P jj Pkk ]
2

ExtendedNewmansapproximationformultiple directionalwaves
'

1
Pjkmn [ Pjjmn Pkknm ],
2
'

1
Q jkmn
[Q jjmn Qkknm
].
2
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4.NewmansApproximation

=12.........j

2
.
.
.
j

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4.ExtendedNewmansApproximation

=12....................j

2
.
.
.
j

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 EmployingextendedNewmansapproximation
(2)
F

{( c jm ) [ ( c kn Pkknm s kn Q kknm ) ]}

Nd

Nm

Nd Nn

m 1

j 1

n 1 k 1

{( s jm ) [ ( s kn Pkknm c kn Q kknm )] }
Nd

Nm

Nd Nn

m 1

j 1

n 1 k 1

where c jm a jm cos( jmt jm ), s jm a jm sin( jmt jm )

Requiredirectional couplingmeandriftforcecoefficientsdatabase,

(
P
,
Q
Obtainofactualrelativedirectionateachtimestep,
kknm
kknm )

Quadruplesummationreducedtotriple summation.
Lessharddiskandmemoryrequirement,
moreefficient
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ValidationofextendedNewmansapproximation

'
Pjkmm

'
Q jkmm

Surge

1.E+5

6.E+4

0.E+0
-1.E+5
-2.E+5

Full QTF

4.E+4

Newman
Approximation

2.E+4
0.E+0

-3.E+5

-2.E+4

-4.E+5

-4.E+4

-5.E+5

-6.E+4

-6.E+5

-8.E+4
0.0

0.5

1.0

0.0

0.025(rad / s)

1.E+5

8.0E+4

0.E+0

4.0E+4

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

-1.E+5

Rectangularboxindeepwater,
Internallid,
No5th term

0.0E+0

-2.E+5
-3.E+5

-4.0E+4

-4.E+5

-8.0E+4

-5.E+5
-1.2E+5

-6.E+5
0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

m n 180

0.8

1.0

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

0.0E+0
-4.0E+4

Pjkmm

Q jkmm

Goodforsmall

-2.E+5

-8.0E+4

-3.E+5

-1.2E+5

-4.E+5

-1.6E+5
-2.0E+5
0.0

2011ANSYS,Inc.

0.6

4.0E+4

0.E+0

-5.E+5

17

0.4

8.0E+4

-1.E+5

0.2

0.05(rad / s)

m=n:Newmansapproximation 1.E+5
0

0.0

November26,2012

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

0.1(rad / s)

0
0
2nd ordersurgeforce (m 180 , n 90 )

'
Pjkmn

1.5E+5

'
Qjkmn
1.0E+5

0.025(rad / s)

1.0E+5
0.0E+0

5.0E+4
0.0E+0

-1.0E+5

-5.0E+4

Full QTF

-1.0E+5
Newman
Approximation

-1.5E+5
-2.0E+5
0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

-2.0E+5
-3.0E+5
0.0

1.0E+5

5.0E+4

5.0E+4

0.0E+0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

0.05(rad / s)

-5.0E+4

0.0E+0

-1.0E+5
-5.0E+4
-1.5E+5
-1.0E+5

-2.0E+5

-1.5E+5

-2.5E+5

-2.0E+5

-3.0E+5
0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.0E+5

1.0E+5

0.1(rad / s)

0.0E+0
0.0E+0
-1.0E+5
-1.0E+5

-2.0E+5
-3.0E+5

-2.0E+5
0.0

18

0.2

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0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

November26,2012

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

'
'
Pjkmn
, Qjkmn

sameorder
Goodforsmall

Directionalcouplingeffecton2nd ordersurgeforce
6.E+5

3.0E+5

5.E+5

2.5E+5

4.E+5

2.0E+5

' 2
'
(Pjkmn
) (Qjkmn
)2

m 1800
0.05(rad / s)

1.5E+5

3.E+5
2.E+5
1.E+5

Full QTF

1.0E+5

Newman
Approximation

5.0E+4
0.0E+0

0.E+0
0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

0.0

1.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

40

3.0E+5

3.0E+5

2.5E+5

2.5E+5

2.0E+5

2.0E+5

1.5E+5

1.5E+5

1.0E+5

1.0E+5

5.0E+4

5.0E+4

0.8

1.0

0.8

1.0

0.0E+0

0.0E+0
0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

90 0

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

130 0

Extended Newmansapproximation

Enabletoestimatetoincludedirectionalcouplingeffect
( Pjkmn
, Q jkmn )

AsgoodastheoriginalNewmansapproximationformultipledirections
Easyaccomplishment
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5.Effectofmultidirectionalspectrum
onamooredLNGcarrier
Lengthbetweenperpendiculars:274m
Draft:11m
Softmooringsystem:
Longitudinalmooringstiffness:281kN/m
Transversemooringstiffness:254kN/m
Rotationalmooringstiffness:4.58E6kNm
Rolldamping:4.0e5kNms/rad
13500m^3storagecapacityLNGcarrier
(bycourtesyofSBM)

Spreadsea:
JONSWAPspectrum:Hs=1m,Tp=10s, 3.3
spreadingform:cos 2 ( ), 180 0
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Waterdepth:15m

AqwaLineCalculation
Softspringsystemisdefinedbyadditionalstructuralstiffness(SSTF)
39frequenciesand37directionsin[180,180]degrees
UseMQTF optiontocalculatethedirectionalcouplingmeanQTFmatrices
25%extraCPUtimeforthedirectionalcouplingmeanQTFcalculation
*.MQTsizeof12mb comparedto2.3mbof*.RES

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Effectsonequilibriumposition
Threetreatmentsofspreadingsea:
(1)Longcrestedwavealongmainheading AB7878P2LONG
(2)Representedby7pointGaussianintegration,nodirectionalcouplingMQTF AB7878P2NOQTF
(3)Representedby7pointGaussianintegration,withdirectionalcouplingMQTF AB7878P2MQTF
91
DRM1
91FILE
91CSTR
1
END91

AL7878P2M15.MQT

Inputdata

Iterativeprocedure
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Timedomainanalysis(AqwaDrift)
5%CPUincrementfor7subdirectioncouplingdriftforcecalculation
Evidentdifferencesbetween3treatmentresults

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Frequencydomainanalysis(AqwaFer 14.5)
Outputtotalforce/responsespectrumcontributedbyallsubspectra
OutputRAOetalinmainsubdirection(withmax.Hs)
OptionallyoutputRAOinspecifiedsubdirection(SSPC indeck18)

Comparisonofthesignificanttranslationalmotions
Surge (m)

24

Sway (m)

Drift freq.

Wave freq.

Drift freq.

Long crested

1.073

0.018

Spread,
no coupling
Spread, coupling

0.558
0.620

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Heave (m)

0.000

Wave
freq.
0.000

Drift freq.
0.011

Wave
freq.
0.036

0.025

0.563

0.040

0.007

0.055

0.025

0.618

0.040

0.007

0.055

6.Conclusions
Spectralgroupisintroducedtomodelmultidirectionalwaves
ThedirectionalcouplingmeanQTFsarecalculatedandusedinAqwa
ExtendedNewmansapproximationprovidesafast&relativelyaccurate
approachwithacceptableharddisk/memoryrequirements
MultipledirectionalwavesanddirectionalcouplingQTFshouldbe
consideredformooredoffshorestructurehydrodynamicanalysis.

Thanks!

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Azzalini A,DuS.,MayR.(2012)ExtendedNewmansapproximationforthesecondorderdriftforceinshortcrestedwaves,preparedforNAV2012.
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JournalofNonLinearMechanics,Vol.16,pp.12061218.
KimS.,Sclavounos P.D.andNielsenF.G.(1997)"SlowDriftResponsesofMooredPlatforms",Proc.ofthe8thInt.Conf.ontheBehaviourofOffshore
StructuresBOSS1997,July1997,Delft,TheNetherland,Vol.2,pp.161176.
NewmanJ.N.(1974)"SecondOrder,SlowlyVaryingForcesonVesselsinIrregularWaves", Proc.ofInt.Symp.DynamicsofMarineVehiclesand
StructuresinWaves,Ed.BishopREDandPriceWG,Mech.Eng.PublicationsLtd,London,UK,pp.193197.
PinksterJ.A.(1980)"LowFrequencySecondOrderWaveExcitingForcesonFloatingStructures",PhDThesis,DelftUniversity of Technology.
Renaud M.,Rezende F.C.,ChenX.B.andParigi C.J.(2008)"SecondOrderWaveLoadsonaLNGCarrierinMultiDirectionalIrregularWaves",Proc.of 8th
Int.Conf.onHydrodynamics ICHD,October2008,Nantes,France,pp.373380.
Renaud M.,Rezende F.,WaalsO.,ChenX.B.andvanDijk R.(2008)"SecondOrderWaveLoadsonaLNGCarrierinMultiDirectionalWaves",Proc.ofthe
27thInt.Conf.onOcean,offshoreandArcticEngineeringOMAE2008,June2008,Estoril,Portugal,Vol.1,PaperNo.OMAE20085740979,pp.363370.
Rezende F.C.andChenX.B.(2010)"ApproximationofSecondorderLowFrequencyWaveLoadinginMultiDirectionalWaves",Proc.oftheASME29th
Int.Conf.onOceanandArcticEngineering,June2010,Shanghai,China,Vol.3,PaperNo.OMAE201021099,pp.855861.
Sergent E.andNaciri M.(2010)"WaveSpreadingandWaveDriftLoadsforaStandardLNGCarrierinShallowWater",Proc.oftheASME29thInt.Conf.
onOceanandArcticEngineering,June2010,Shanghai,China,Vol.1,PaperNo.OMAE201020580,pp.355362.
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