IR

IR Spectroscopy
Wave Number, cm -1
2000
1500
1300 1200 1100
1000
900
800
700
Absorbance
Absorbance
4000 3000 2500
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15
2000, Paul R. Young

University of Illinois at Chicago, All Rights Reserved
Organic Chemistry OnLine 2000
Infrared Spectroscopy: When an organic compound absorbs

radiation with a wavelength of = 215 microns (infrared
radiation, 4000600 cm-1), specific vibrational modes, mostly
stretching and bending motions, are excited. The frequency at
which this occurs can be approximated by Hookes Law, and is
dependent on the mass of the atoms and the bond strength (the
force constant).
=
K
1
2 c
where,
= frequency in cm -1
c = velocity of light, 3 10
10
K = force constant in
cm
sec
dynes
cm
m1m 2
=
the reduced mass
m1 + m2
For a CH bond, two stretching modes are possible (symmetric

and asymmetric stretching) and a simple sp3 CH will absorb
infrared radiation at 2850 cm-1 and 2925 cm-1.
H
C
H
C
H
Symmetric CH Stretch
2850 cm-1
H
Asymmetric CH Stretch
2925 cm-1
A plot of absorbance vs wavelength in this region is termed an

infrared spectrum and the spectrum consists of the specific
absorbance for each of the functional groups in the molecule.
Wave Number, cm -1
2000
1500
1300 1200 1100
1000
900
800
700
Absorbance
Absorbance
4000 3000 2500
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15
The spectral region between 4000 and 1100 cm-1 contains simple
stretching bands that are diagnostic of several common
functional groups.
Wave Number, cm -1
2000
1500
1300 1200 1100
1000
900
800
700
Absorbance
Absorbance
4000 3000 2500
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15
fingerprint region
The region 1500 - 600 cm-1 is more complex and is commonly

referred to as the fingerprint region.
The common functional groups which we will be concernd with

in the infrared spectrum and the general region of their
absorbance is as follows:
Wave Number, cm -1
2000
1500
1300 1200 1100
1000
900
800
700
Absorbance
Absorbance
4000 3000 2500
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15

Wave Number, cm -1
2000
1500
1300 1200 1100
1000
900
800
700
Absorbance
Absorbance
4000 3000 2500
10
Wavelength, microns
3600-3100 cm-1: OH and NH stretching
11
12
13
14
15

Wave Number, cm -1
2000
1500
1300 1200 1100
1000
900
800
700
Absorbance
Absorbance
4000 3000 2500
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15

3100 cm -1 : alkene or arene sp2 CH stretching

Wave Number, cm -1
2000
1500
1300 1200 1100
1000
900
800
700
Absorbance
Absorbance
4000 3000 2500
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15

2900 cm -1 : alkane sp3 CH stretching

Wave Number, cm -1
2000
1500
1300 1200 1100
1000
900
800
700
Absorbance
Absorbance
4000 3000 2500
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15

2750 cm -1 : aldehyde sp2 CH stretching

Wave Number, cm -1
2000
1500
1300 1200 1100
1000
900
800
700
Absorbance
Absorbance
4000 3000 2500
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15

2200 cm -1 : alkyne and nitrile triple bond stretching

Wave Number, cm -1
2000
1500
1300 1200 1100
1000
900
800
700
Absorbance
Absorbance
4000 3000 2500
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15

1690 cm -1 : carbonyl C=O stretching

Wave Number, cm -1
2000
1500
1300 1200 1100
1000
900
800
700
Absorbance
Absorbance
4000 3000 2500
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15

1690 cm -1 : carbonyl C=O stretching
1610 cm -1 : alkene and arene carbon-carbon double bond stretching
Alcohols display strong broad O-H stretching bands in the region

3800-3100 cm-1. The bands are broadened due to hydrogen bonding
and a sharp 'non-bonded' peak can often be seen at around 3400 cm -1.
Wave Number, cm -1
Wave Number, cm -1
3000
Wave Number, cm -1
4000
2400
Wavelength, microns
3000
2400
Absorbance
4000
2400
Absorbance
3000
Absorbance
4000
c
3
Wavelength, microns
Wavelength, microns
Partial infrared spectra of: a) 2propanol in the gas phase, b) 2propanol as a

liquid film, and c) 1butanol in CCl4 solution, showing free and
hydrogenbonded OH stretching bands.
Alcohols display strong broad O-H stretching bands in the region

3800-3100 cm-1. The bands are broadened due to hydrogen bonding
and a sharp 'non-bonded' peak can often be seen at around 3400 cm -1.
Wave Number, cm -1
4000
CH3
H
O
CH3
2400
CH3
O
H
O
CH3
Absorbance
CH3
3000
b
.
Wavelength, microns
Partial infrared spectra of

2propanol as a liquid film.
Hydrogen bonding in carboxylic acids broadens the OH stretch,

often covering the region from 3400 to 2400 cm 1..
Wave Number, cm -1
4000
3000
2500
2000
O H
Absorbance
O
3
Wavelength, microns
.
Partial infrared spectrum of

3phenylpropanoic acid showing the broad,
intense OH band extending from 3400 to
2700 cm1.
Amines display symmetric and

asymmetric stretching bands in the
region 3800-3100 cm-1. The bands are
somewhat broadened due to hydrogen
bonding.
Wave Number, cm -1
4000
3000
2500
4000
3000
2500
Wavelength, microns
Symmetric NH Stretch
3300 cm-1
Asymmetric NH Stretch
3400 cm-1
Wave Number, cm -1
2000
4000
3000
2500
2000
b
3
N
H
Wave Number, cm -1
2000
Wavelength, microns
Wavelength, microns
Partial infrared spectra of: a) benzylamine, b) 4methylaniline, and c)

Nmethylaniline, showing the NH stretching region.
Alkene and alkyne C-H bonds display sharp stretching absorptions in

the region 3100-3000 cm -1. The bands are of medium intensity and
are often obscured by other absorbances in the region (i.e.,OH).
Wave Number, cm -1
4000
3000
2500
Wave Number, cm -1
2000
4000
3000
2500
Wave Number, cm -1
2000
4000
Wavelength, microns
2500
2000
b
3
3000
Wavelength, microns
Wavelength, microns
Partial infrared spectra of: a) 3chloro1propyne, b) cyclohexene, and

c) ethylbenzene, showing the sp and sp2 CH region.
CH2 CH3
H
Cl
H
H
Alkane C-H bonds display sharp stretching absorptions in the region

3000-2900 cm -1. The bands are of medium intensity and are often
obscured by other absorbances in the region (i.e., unsaturated CH, or
OH and NH).
Wave Number, cm -1
4000
3000
2500
Wave Number, cm -1
2000
4000
3000
2500
Wave Number, cm -1
2000
Wavelength, microns
3000
2500
2000
b
3
4000
Wavelength, microns
Wavelength, microns
Partial infrared spectra of: a) 1bromo2methylpropane, b)

methylcyclohexane, and c) cyclohexene, showing the sp3 CH stretching region.
The Aldehyde C-H stretch is often useful in distinguishing aldehydes

and ketones. Aldehydes will generally display two bands in this
region ( 2800 and 2700 cm1), with the lower one being the most
important because it is generally wellseparated from alkane CH
stretching bands.
Wave Number, cm -1
O
H
3000
2400
Absorbance
4000
Aldehyde CH Stretch at
2805 and 2705 cm-1
3
W avelength, microns
Partial infrared spectrum of butanal, showing

the aldehyde CH stretching region.
Triple bond stretching absorptions occur in the region 21002400 cm -1. Absorptions from nitriles are generally of medium
intensity and are clearly defined. Alkynes absorb weakly in this
region unless they are highly asymmetric; symmetrical alkynes
do not show absorption bands.
Wave Number, cm -1
4000
3000
2500
Wave Number, cm -1
2000
4000
3000
2500
Wave Number, cm -1
2000
Wavelength, microns
3000
2500
2000
b
3
4000
Wavelength, microns
Wavelength, microns
Partial infrared spectra of: a) malanonitrile, b) 2chloro1butyne, and

c) 1propynylbenzene, showing the C X stretching region.
Stretching absorptions must be asymmetric in order to be

observed in the infrared spectrum.
H3 C
Asymmetric substitution,
significant dipole moment,
infrared active.
H3 C
H3 C
CH3
Symmetric substitution,
no dipole moment,
infrared inactive.
CH2 CH3
"Pseudosymmetric" substitution,
very weak dipole moment,
very weak infrared band.
Carbonyl stretching bands occur in the region 1800-1700 cm -1. The

bands are generally very strong and broad. Carbonyl compounds
which are more reactive in nucleophilic addition reactions (acyl
halides, esters) are generally at higher wave number than simple
ketones and aldehydes, and amides are the lowest, absorbing in the
region 1700-1650 cm -1.
Wave Number, cm -1
2000
1500
1300 1200 1100
1000
900
800
700
Absorbance
4000 3000 2500
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15
Infrared spectrum of 2propanone (acetone).
Carbonyl stretching bands occur in the region 1800-1700 cm -1. The

bands are generally very strong and broad. Carbonyl compounds
which are more reactive in nucleophilic addition reactions (acyl
halides, esters) are generally at higher wave number than simple
ketones and aldehydes, and amides are the lowest, absorbing in the
region 1700-1650 cm -1.
O
R
O
Cl
Acid Halides
1800 cm-1
O
O
O
R
Acid Anhydrides
1820 and 1760 cm-1
O
R
R
Ketones
1710 cm-1
O
OR
Carboxylate Esters
1735 cm-1
Aldehydes
1725 cm-1
O
R
OH
Carboxylic Acids
1700 cm-1
NH 2
Amides
1690 cm-1
Carbon-carbon double bond stretching occurs in the region around

1650-1600 cm -1. The bands are generally sharp and of medium
intensity. Aromatic compounds will typically display a series of sharp
bands in this region.
Wave Number, cm -1
Wave Number, cm -1
1500
2000
1700
1500
Absorbance
1700
Absorbance
2000
a
5
b
6
Wavelength, microns
Wavelength, microns
Partial infrared spectra of: a) 1octene, b) 2methyl2pentene,

showing the carboncarbon double bond stretching region.
Carbon-carbon double bond stretching occurs in the region around

1650-1600 cm -1. The bands are generally sharp and of medium
intensity. Aromatic compounds will typically display a series of
sharp bands in this region.
Wave Number, cm -1
2000
1500
1300 12001100
1000
900
800
700
Absorbance
4000 3000 2500
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15
Infrared spectrum of a polystyrene film.
Stretching absorptions must be asymmetric in order to be

observed in the infrared spectrum.
plane of
symmetry
H
H
C
plane of
symmetry
H3 C
CH3
C
C
H
H3 C
C
CH3
The symmetrical carbon-carbon double bond stretch

does not absorb in the infrared.
Carbon-oxygen single bonds display stretching bands in the region

1100-1200 cm -1. The bands are generally strong and broad. You
should note that many other functional groups have bands in this
region which appear similar.
Wave Number, cm -1
4000 3000 2500
2000
1500
1300 12001100
1000
900
800
700
Absorbance
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15
Infrared spectrum of 2propanol; the CO stretch is a

strong band at 1120 cm1.
Wave Number, cm -1
4000 3000 2500
1500
1300 12001100
1000
900
800
700
Absorbance
Problem #1 C7H14O
2000
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15
Wave Number, cm -1
4000 3000 2500
From the molecular

formula, the compound
has "1 degree of
unsaturation" (one double
bond, carbonyl or ring).
1500
1300 12001100
1000
900
800
700
Absorbance
Problem #1 C7H14O
2000
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15
Wave Number, cm -1
4000 3000 2500
From the molecular

has "1 degree of
1500
1300 12001100
1000
900
800
700
Absorbance
Problem #1 C7H14O
2000
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15
3400-3200 cm-1: no OH or NH present
Wave Number, cm -1
4000 3000 2500
From the molecular

has "1 degree of
1500
1300 12001100
1000
900
800
700
Absorbance
Problem #1 C7H14O
2000
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15

3100 cm -1 : no peak to suggest sp2 CH
Wave Number, cm -1
4000 3000 2500
From the molecular

has "1 degree of
1500
1300 12001100
1000
900
800
700
Absorbance
Problem #1 C7H14O
2000
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15

2900 cm -1 : strong peak indicating sp3 CH
Wave Number, cm -1
4000 3000 2500
From the molecular

has "1 degree of
1500
1300 12001100
1000
900
800
700
Absorbance
Problem #1 C7H14O
2000
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15

2200 cm -1 : no unsymmetrical triple bonds
Wave Number, cm -1
4000 3000 2500
From the molecular

has "1 degree of
1500
1300 12001100
1000
900
800
700
Absorbance
Problem #1 C7H14O
2000
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15

1710 cm -1 : strong carbonyl absorbance
Wave Number, cm -1
4000 3000 2500
From the molecular

has "1 degree of
1500
1300 12001100
1000
900
800
700
Absorbance
Problem #1 C7H14O
2000
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15

1610 cm -1 : no absorbance to suggest carbon-carbon double bonds
Wave Number, cm -1
4000 3000 2500
From the molecular

has "1 degree of
1500
1300 12001100
1000
900
800
700
Absorbance
Problem #1 C7H14O
2000
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15

Analysis: The spectrum seems to be consistent with a simple aliphatic
carbonyl compound.
Wave Number, cm -1
4000 3000 2500
From the molecular

has "1 degree of
1500
1300 12001100
1000
900
800
700
Absorbance
Problem #1 C7H14O
2000
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15

carbonyl compound.
Wave Number, cm -1
4000 3000 2500
From the molecular

has "1 degree of
1500
1300 12001100
1000
900
800
700
Absorbance
Problem #1 C7H14O
2000
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15
O
cm-1:
3400-3200
no OH or NH present
carbonyl compound.
Wave Number, cm -1
4000 3000 2500
1500
1300 12001100
1000
900
800
700
Absorbance
Problem #2 C8H8O
2000
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15
Wave Number, cm -1
4000 3000 2500
From the molecular formula,

The compound has "5 degrees
of unsaturation"; the large
number suggests the presence
of an aromatic ring (4 degrees
of unsaturation).
1500
1300 12001100
1000
900
800
700
Absorbance
Problem #2 C8H8O
2000
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15
Wave Number, cm -1
4000 3000 2500

of unsaturation).
1500
1300 12001100
1000
900
800
700
Absorbance
Problem #2 C8H8O
2000
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15
Wave Number, cm -1
4000 3000 2500

of unsaturation).
1500
1300 12001100
1000
900
800
700
Absorbance
Problem #2 C8H8O
2000
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15

3100 cm -1 : weak peak suggesting possible sp2 CH
Wave Number, cm -1
4000 3000 2500

of unsaturation).
1500
1300 12001100
1000
900
800
700
Absorbance
Problem #2 C8H8O
2000
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15

2900 cm -1 : weak peak indicating possible sp3 CH
Wave Number, cm -1
4000 3000 2500

of unsaturation).
1500
1300 12001100
1000
900
800
700
Absorbance
Problem #2 C8H8O
2000
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15

Wave Number, cm -1
4000 3000 2500

of unsaturation).
1500
1300 12001100
1000
900
800
700
Absorbance
Problem #2 C8H8O
2000
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15

Wave Number, cm -1
4000 3000 2500

of unsaturation).
1500
1300 12001100
1000
900
800
700
Absorbance
Problem #2 C8H8O
2000
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15

1610 cm -1 : moderate bands suggesting carbon-carbon double bonds
Wave Number, cm -1
4000 3000 2500

of unsaturation).
1500
1300 12001100
1000
900
800
700
Absorbance
Problem #2 C8H8O
2000
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15

Analysis: The spectrum suggests a carbonyl compound containing both single
and double bonds. The carbonyl absorbance occurs at a relatively low wave
number, suggesting the carbonyl is conjugated with a double bond or an
aromatic ring.
Wave Number, cm -1
4000 3000 2500

of unsaturation).
1500
1300 12001100
1000
900
800
700
Absorbance
Problem #2 C8H8O
2000
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15
O
CH3
Analysis: The spectrum suggests a carbonyl compound containing both single
and double bonds. The carbonyl absorbance occurs at a relatively low wave
number, suggesting the carbonyl is conjugated with a double bond or an
aromatic ring.
Wave Number, cm -1
4000 3000 2500
1500
1300 12001100
1000
900
800
700
Absorbance
Problem #3 C8H10O
2000
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15
Wave Number, cm -1
4000 3000 2500
Four degrees of
unsaturation", suggesting
an aromatic ring (4 degrees
of unsaturation).
1500
1300 12001100
1000
900
800
700
Absorbance
Problem #3 C8H10O
2000
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15
Wave Number, cm -1
4000 3000 2500
Four degrees of
of unsaturation).
1500
1300 12001100
1000
900
800
700
Absorbance
Problem #3 C8H10O
2000
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15
3400-3200 cm -1 : strong peak indicating OH is present
Wave Number, cm -1
4000 3000 2500
Four degrees of
of unsaturation).
1500
1300 12001100
1000
900
800
700
Absorbance
Problem #3 C8H10O
2000
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15

Wave Number, cm -1
4000 3000 2500
Four degrees of
of unsaturation).
1500
1300 12001100
1000
900
800
700
Absorbance
Problem #3 C8H10O
2000
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15

Wave Number, cm -1
4000 3000 2500
Four degrees of
of unsaturation).
1500
1300 12001100
1000
900
800
700
Absorbance
Problem #3 C8H10O
2000
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15

Wave Number, cm -1
4000 3000 2500
Four degrees of
of unsaturation).
1500
1300 12001100
1000
900
800
700
Absorbance
Problem #3 C8H10O
2000
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15

1720 cm -1 : no carbonyl absorbance
Wave Number, cm -1
4000 3000 2500
Four degrees of
of unsaturation).
1500
1300 12001100
1000
900
800
700
Absorbance
Problem #3 C8H10O
2000
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15

1450-1500 cm -1 : weak absorbance bands consistent with aromatic carboncarbon double bonds
Wave Number, cm -1
4000 3000 2500
Four degrees of
of unsaturation).
1500
1300 12001100
1000
900
800
700
Absorbance
Problem #3 C8H10O
2000
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15

Analysis: The spectrum suggests an alcohol containing both single and
double bonds. The large number of degrees of unsaturation suggest the
presence of an aromatic ring.
Wave Number, cm -1
4000 3000 2500
Four degrees of
of unsaturation).
1500
1300 12001100
1000
900
800
700
Absorbance
Problem #3 C8H10O
2000
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15

OH
Analysis: The spectrum suggests an alcohol containing both single and
double bonds. The large number of degrees of unsaturation suggest the
Wave Number, cm -1
4000 3000 2500
1500
1300 12001100
1000
900
800
700
Absorbance
Problem #4 C8H7N
2000
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15
Wave Number, cm -1
4000 3000 2500
The compound has "6

degrees of unsaturation";
the large number suggests
the possible presence
of an aromatic ring.
1500
1300 12001100
1000
900
800
700
Absorbance
Problem #4 C8H7N
2000
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15
Wave Number, cm -1
4000 3000 2500
The compound has "6

1500
1300 12001100
1000
900
800
700
Absorbance
Problem #4 C8H7N
2000
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15
3400-3200 cm -1 : no peak which would indicate NH
Wave Number, cm -1
4000 3000 2500
The compound has "6

1500
1300 12001100
1000
900
800
700
Absorbance
Problem #4 C8H7N
2000
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15

Wave Number, cm -1
4000 3000 2500
The compound has "6

1500
1300 12001100
1000
900
800
700
Absorbance
Problem #4 C8H7N
2000
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15

2900 cm -1 : no peak to indicate sp3 CH
Wave Number, cm -1
4000 3000 2500
The compound has "6

1500
1300 12001100
1000
900
800
700
Absorbance
Problem #4 C8H7N
2000
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15

2250 cm -1 : strong absorbance indicating an unsymmetrical triple bond
Wave Number, cm -1
4000 3000 2500
The compound has "6

1500
1300 12001100
1000
900
800
700
Absorbance
Problem #4 C8H7N
2000
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15

Wave Number, cm -1
4000 3000 2500
The compound has "6

1500
1300 12001100
1000
900
800
700
Absorbance
Problem #4 C8H7N
2000
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15

Wave Number, cm -1
4000 3000 2500
The compound has "6

1500
1300 12001100
1000
900
800
700
Absorbance
Problem #4 C8H7N
2000
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15

Analysis: The spectrum seems to be consistent with a nitrile (CN) containing
both single and double bonds. The large number of degrees of unsaturation
suggest the presence of an aromatic ring.
Wave Number, cm -1
4000 3000 2500
The compound has "6

1500
1300 12001100
1000
900
800
700
Absorbance
Problem #4 C8H7N
2000
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15
CN
CH3
Analysis: The spectrum seems to be consistent with a nitrile (CN) containing
both single and double bonds. The large number of degrees of unsaturation
suggest the presence of an aromatic ring.
Wave Number, cm -1
4000 3000 2500
Problem #5 C8H8O
2000
1500
1300 12001100
1000
900
800
700
Absorbance
C7H6O
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15
Wave Number, cm -1
4000 3000 2500
Problem #5 C8H8O
1500
1300 12001100
1000
900
800
700
C7H6O
Absorbance
The compound has 5

2000
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15
Wave Number, cm -1
4000 3000 2500
Problem #5 C8H8O
1500
1300 12001100
1000
900
800
700
C7H6O
Absorbance
The compound has 5

2000
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15
3400-3200 cm -1 : no peak which would indicate OH
Wave Number, cm -1
4000 3000 2500
Problem #5 C8H8O
1500
1300 12001100
1000
900
800
700
C7H6O
Absorbance
The compound has 5

2000
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15

3100 cm -1 : moderate peak indicating sp2 CH
Wave Number, cm -1
4000 3000 2500
Problem #5 C8H8O
1500
1300 12001100
1000
900
800
700
C7H6O
Absorbance
The compound has 5

2000
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15

Wave Number, cm -1
4000 3000 2500
Problem #5 C8H8O
1500
1300 12001100
1000
900
800
700
C7H6O
Absorbance
The compound has 5

2000
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15

2750-2600 cm -1 : moderate peaks strongly suggesting aldehydic CH
Wave Number, cm -1
4000 3000 2500
Problem #5 C8H8O
1500
1300 12001100
1000
900
800
700
C7H6O
Absorbance
The compound has 5

2000
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15

2250 cm -1 : no absorbance indicating an unsymmetrical triple bond
Wave Number, cm -1
4000 3000 2500
Problem #5 C8H8O
1500
1300 12001100
1000
900
800
700
C7H6O
Absorbance
The compound has 5

2000
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15

Wave Number, cm -1
4000 3000 2500
Problem #5 C8H8O
1500
1300 12001100
1000
900
800
700
C7H6O
Absorbance
The compound has 5

2000
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15

1450-1600 cm -1 : bands consistent with aromatic C=C
Wave Number, cm -1
4000 3000 2500
Problem #5 C8H8O
1500
1300 12001100
1000
900
800
700
C7H6O
Absorbance
The compound has 5

2000
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15

Analysis: The spectrum seems to be consistent with an aldehyde containing no
saturated carbon. The large number of degrees of unsaturation suggest the
Wave Number, cm -1
4000 3000 2500
Problem #5 C8H8O
1500
1300 12001100
1000
900
800
700
C7H6O
Absorbance
The compound has 5

2000
10
Wavelength, microns
11
12
13
14
15

H3 C
-1
2750-2600 cm : moderate peaks strongly suggesting aldehydic CH
Analysis: The spectrum seems to be consistent with an aldehyde containing no
saturated carbon. The large number of degrees of unsaturation suggest the

IR

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IR

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IR Spectroscopy

1300 1200 1100

4000 3000 2500

2000, Paul R. Young

Infrared Spectroscopy: When an organic compound absorbs

Organic Chemistry OnLine 2000

For a CH bond, two stretching modes are possible (symmetric

Organic Chemistry OnLine 2000

A plot of absorbance vs wavelength in this region is termed an

1300 1200 1100

4000 3000 2500

Organic Chemistry OnLine 2000

1300 1200 1100

4000 3000 2500

The region 1500 - 600 cm-1 is more complex and is commonly

The common functional groups which we will be concernd with

1300 1200 1100

4000 3000 2500

Organic Chemistry OnLine 2000

The common functional groups which we will be concernd with

1300 1200 1100

4000 3000 2500

3600-3100 cm-1: OH and NH stretching

Organic Chemistry OnLine 2000

The common functional groups which we will be concernd with

1300 1200 1100

4000 3000 2500

3600-3100 cm-1: OH and NH stretching

Organic Chemistry OnLine 2000

The common functional groups which we will be concernd with

1300 1200 1100

4000 3000 2500

3600-3100 cm-1: OH and NH stretching

Organic Chemistry OnLine 2000

The common functional groups which we will be concernd with

1300 1200 1100

4000 3000 2500

3600-3100 cm-1: OH and NH stretching

Organic Chemistry OnLine 2000

The common functional groups which we will be concernd with

1300 1200 1100

4000 3000 2500

3600-3100 cm-1: OH and NH stretching

Organic Chemistry OnLine 2000

The common functional groups which we will be concernd with

1300 1200 1100

4000 3000 2500

3600-3100 cm-1: OH and NH stretching

The common functional groups which we will be concernd with

1300 1200 1100

4000 3000 2500

3600-3100 cm-1: OH and NH stretching

Alcohols display strong broad O-H stretching bands in the region

Partial infrared spectra of: a) 2propanol in the gas phase, b) 2propanol as a

Alcohols display strong broad O-H stretching bands in the region

Partial infrared spectra of

Organic Chemistry OnLine 2000

Hydrogen bonding in carboxylic acids broadens the OH stretch,

Partial infrared spectrum of

Organic Chemistry OnLine 2000

Amines display symmetric and

Partial infrared spectra of: a) benzylamine, b) 4methylaniline, and c)

Alkene and alkyne C-H bonds display sharp stretching absorptions in

Partial infrared spectra of: a) 3chloro1propyne, b) cyclohexene, and