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ABSTRACTNowadays the attempts to optimize energy efficiency and environmental impact are increasingly
present in all activity areas and specifically in manufacturing industry. An innovative approach to achieve these
optimizations lies in advanced combination of decision support technologies and Knowledge Management. A
benchmarking energy saving tool (decision support tool) was carried out in four (4) different years, 2007 to
2010 in Niger mills limited, located in Calabar to generate energy intensity and energy intensity index of the
period. The result obtained for energy intensity in 2007 was 2.30GJ/m 3, Energy intensity for 2008 was
2.30GJ/m3, Energy intensity for 2009 was 2.40GJ/m3, and energy intensity for 2010 was 2.30GJ/m 3. This result
shows that for the period of these four years, that the energy consumed is in an average range of 2.30GJ/m 3.
That if the productivity increase as the result of increase in production, the energy intensity will increase to
2.40GJ/m3 or there about as the case maybe as a result of increase in production.
Keywords: optimization, intensity, innovative, decision, energy, improvement.
I.
INTRODUCTION
Since the beginning of industrial age, Energy has and still playing a very important role in development.
The growth in the world economy has been driven by the increased use of energy and it will remain prevalent in
future. Between 1970 and 2005, primary energy production world-wide grew by 84%. In 2005, fossil fuels
account for 85% of all energy produced and industrial sector was the largest user of energy, accounting for 33%
of total en ergy used. Within that sector, manufacturing accounts for about 73% of industrial energy use (Evans,
2003).
The Improvement in the world standard of living has been dependent in large part on the increase use of
fossil fuels to generate energy. However, It is becoming clear that the growth in their use cannot continue
indefinitely at its present rate, as it contribution to the ecosystem is at a high negative side. More seriously,
environmental and climate change are having a detrimental effect on our world and approximately one-third of
global energy demand and CO2 emissions is attributable to manufacturing industry. These increasing energy
problems worldwide are raising awareness of impact of energy use upon our environment, and this is a clear
need to address energy saving potentials in manufacturing industries. Also there is need to analyze on-site the
management of energy within the factory, with the goal to optimize it. The need to adapt quickly to business
trends imposed by increases in energy demand should be factories major concerns, thus targets for energy
savings can be set by indexing the results of production analysis and by defining a decision support system
during decision making.
Decision support system as an innovative approach have found utility in the deregulated energy markets of
Europe, as is evidenced in research into ways of measuring efficiency and utility of decision support models
using stochastic models (Lahdelma et al, 2006). Some of the uses of Decision Support Systems (DSS) in energy
modeling in Europe are for determining the optimum price of energy, and also for determining how much
excess energy capacity is required to service periods of peak energy demand. DSS is used for planning not only
where to locate energy generating infrastructure, but also for determining how much energy is produced,
whether or not to build capacity in excess of the local demand, the environmental costs of building energy
infrastructure at specific locations, and so on. However, energy planning in Africa, specifically Nigeria, is not as
sophisticated. And to date, there are not many instances of DSS technology in use for the planning of any aspect
of electric energy generation.
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Criteria
main
categories
Plant
analysizing
Figure: 1
Walkthrough
survey
Creation of
reference
building
Evaluation
of energy
saving
measures
Step 1: plants analysis. The main purpose of this step is to evaluate the characteristics of the energy systems
and the patterns of energy use for the building. The building characteristics can be collected from the
mechanical/ electrical drawings and/or from discussions with plants operators. The energy use patterns can be
obtained from a compilation of utility bills over several years. Analysis of the historical variation of the utility
bills allows the energy auditor to determine if there are any seasonal and weather effects on the plants energy
use.
Step 2: Walk-through survey. Potential energy saving measures is identified in this part. The results of this
step are important since they determine whether the plant warrants any further energy auditing work. Some of
the tasks involved in this step are:
Identification of the customer concerns and needs;
Checking of the current operating and maintenance procedures;
Determination of the existing operating conditions of major energy use equipment (lighting, heating
ventilation and air-conditioning systems, motors, etc.);
Estimation of the occupancy, equipment and lighting (energy use density and hours of operation).
Step 3: Creation of the reference building. The main purpose of this step is to develop a base-case model,
using energy analysis and simulation tools, that represents the existing energy use and operating conditions of
the plant. This model is to be used as a reference to estimate the energy savings incurred from appropriately
selected energy conservation measures.
Step 4: Evaluation of energy saving measures. In this step, a list of cost-effective energy conservation
measures is determined using both energy saving and economic analysis. A predefined list of energy
conservation measures is prepared. The energy savings due to the various energy conservation measures
pertinent to the plant using the baseline energy use simulation model are evaluated. The initial costs required to
implement the energy conservation measures are estimated. The cost-effectiveness of each energy conservation
measure using an economic analysis method (simple payback or life cycle cost analysis) is assessed.
Regardless of the dwellings phase (design or operational), energy efficiency and sustainability in the plant
is a complex problem. This is attributed mainly to the fact that plants consist of numerous subsystems that
interrelate with each other. Therefore plants sustainability is reached by taking the necessary decisions that are
optimum for the overall system. This implies a decision support approach with the following steps:
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Identification of the overall goal in making a decision, subsidiary objectives and the various indices or
criteria against which option performance may be measured (objective function);
identification of the alternative options or strategies;
Assessment of each option and/or strategy performance against the defined criteria;
Weighting of objectives or criteria;
Evaluation of the overall performance;
Evaluation and ranking of options;
Sensitivity analysis.
Start
Definition of
goals
Building
data
Definition of
actions or
scenarios
Data
collection
Selection of
assessment
methods
Application of
assessment
methods
Economic,
environmental
goals
Energy
saving
measures
Energy
efficiency
improvement
methods
Sensitivity
analysis
Factory
Acceptable
solution
Adaptation of
solution
End
Figure 2.
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STANDALONE,
INTERGRATION AND
WEB-BASED
SEMISTRUCTURED
AND UNSTRUTURED
PROBLEMS
SUPPORT
INDIVIDUALS AND
GROUPS
DATA ACCESS
INTERDEPENDENT OR
SEQUENTIAL DECISIONS
MODELING AND
ANALYSIS
DSS
SUPPORT INTELLIGENCE,
DESIGN, CHOICE,
IMPLEMENTATION
EASE OF DEVELOPMENT
BY END USERS
HUMANS CONTROL
THE PROCESS
EFFECTIVENESS, NOT
EFFICIENCY
SUPPORT MANAGERS
AT ALL LEVEL
SUPPORT VARIETY OF
DECISION PROCESSESS
AND STYLES
INTERACTIVE EASE OF USE
Figure 3.
ADAPTABLE AND
FLEXIBLE
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b.
c.
Data management subsystem encompasses all the activities geared towards the administration of data
systems, the representation of data and the channels of interaction between data and the end user (or
model user). A lack of good data, or information could pose major problems to decision making, as
the ability of the information available to sustain the decision and to yield a certain projected (positive)
outcome is based on the good quality of the information (or the information source).
Model management subsystem involves the templates and structures that describe how data, and
processes flows, and are utilized for the purpose of achieving targets and goals. The model gives
formalization to the decision process, and removes the arbitrariness and ad hoc representation that
would otherwise describe the process. Decisions should not occur in a vacuum, and even in well
articulated and thought-out processes, the choices to be made must conform to the underlying
objectives that are being pursued. Therefore, with a data subsystem providing the assortment of
choices, the model could be likened to a filtration system through which such choices are strained in
order to get the most efficient and optimal outcomes.
User interface and dialog subsystem attempts to depict and translate the real world intentions and
conceptualization of the user into computer graphical and textual notation. The effective interface
should offer the user perspectives of the real world equivalents connected with the actions being carried
out.
Figure 4.
d.
Knowledge based subsystem, which functions as a fulcrum for the other subsystems. It is said that the
world today is moving away for an information society towards a knowledge society in which
knowledge forms the major component of any human activity. Economic, social, cultural, and all other
human activities become dependent on a huge volume of knowledge and distilled information.
Knowledge has thus become the major source of creative impetus. The knowledge based subsystem
functions on both an intuitive and technical dimension technical because the available knowledge
would influence the 23 programming approach towards designing a model, and intuitive because the
information from available data is internalized by decision maker to arrive at what constitutes
knowledge in any given instance.
A schematic view of the connection and relationship between the subsystems and other elements of the DSS is
shown as follows:
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Figure 5.
Schematics of DSS
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y Rm
II.
METHODOLGY
The methodology adopted for evaluating the project problem and prescribing a solution to the problem
stated in the previous section adopts as much as is possible the precepts for a scientific research as described by
Christian Dawson (Dawson, 2005). For our specific task, the problem domain lies within the field of computer
science, but it can be seen from the review of literature that the application domain of decision support systems
cuts across many subject and industry areas. This chapter explains the research design, data collection and
model specification raised on the study.
Research design
Research design is the starting bonnet is carrying out actual research work. Research design according to
Careenelel (1992) is design to the specification of methods and procedures employed for acquiring the
information needed to source problems. It addressed planning of scientific inquiry designing a strategy for
finding out something and specifies precisely what the researchers want to find out and the best way to do
it.(Babbic, 1986 and Crano et al 1986). This study employed the analytical and descriptive research methods.
Data collection
Information and knowledge gathering is done from review of Niger mills completed in June 2010. The data
collected from the plant are used in this report to company, and the feedback was used to formulate the data
tables that were used as input for the A Mathematical Programming Language (AMPL) model. The gathered
information is then used to motivate an objective. The model for the solution of the function is described using
AMPL, and the data is formatted in AMPL format. A hypothesis is described using the AMPL model as its
basis, and then the AMPL program is run and the outcomes are compared with the null hypothesis. The result is
analyzed and compared with prevailing performance information on energy generation and resource utility, and
based on the analysis the hypothesis is accepted or rejected.
Description of the system
The floor area of the factory is 44100m3 the major sources of energy are electricity from power holding
company of Nigeria (PHCN) and also through generated plants. There are 2 mills in the milling house; one is
the wheat, and the maize mill. The capacity of the wheat mill is 1000 tones per 24 hours but the mill is only used
for about 16hours per day while the capacity of the maize mill is 200 tonnes per day but only used for 8hours
per day.
The system input materials are wheat and maize grains while the output (product) materials are bread flour at
ratio of 0.25, 0.5 of wheat offals (brans), 0.75 of pasta semolina and ratio of 1 for macaroni. The operations
including in the system are energy associated with fuels and lubricants and energy used for all administrative
and other non-production functions (Smith, D. 1998).
The data collected include the following:
Production output from 2007 2010
Electricity, diesel, petrol and lubricant consumed from 2007 2010
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ELECTRI
CITY
(GJ)
DIESEL
(GJ)
PETROL
(GJ)
JAN
1420.24
7505.25
726.48
FEB
1341.65
6911.61
805.88
MARCH
1123.13
5628.48
APRIL
1058.70
MAY
9651.97
32,173,233.3
TOTAL
PRODUCTIO
N
(TONNES)
16,895.34
9139.29
30,464,300
16,024.32
1125.01
7876.62
26,255,400
14,8014.21
5535.07
803.79
7397.56
24,658,533.3
13,154.14
1019.90
6179.76
589.46
7789.12
25,963,733.3
14,001.21
JUNE
1245.48
6876.23
661.78
8832.69
29.442,300
15,361.40
JULY
1321.12
6594.67
601.15
8516.94
28,389,800
14,695.24
AUGUS
T
SEPT
1414.46
6214.01
590.67
8219.14
28,389,800
14,376.64
925.78
5426.95
642.05
6994.78
27,397,133.3
13,021.41
OCT
1214.28
5680.61
976.12
7871.01
23,315,933.3
14,826.87
NOV
1428.32
5725.23
699.18
16.40
7869.13
26,230,433.3
13,015.35
DEC
1575.23
6940.14
836.25
17.40
9368.84
31,229,466.7
16,342.22
TOTAL
15,088.29
75,218.0
1
9,057.82
162.98
99,527.09
331,756,966.7
175,727.95
MONTH
LUBRICAN
T
(GJ)
80.15
49.21
TOTAL
(GJ)
AMOUNT
(N)
JAN
1824.25
7215.35
785.13
9824.73
32,749,100
TOTAL
PRODUCTI
ON
(TONNES)
16,321.30
FEB
1536.24
6538.12
933.60
9007.96
30,026,533.33
16,873.24
MARCH
1214.56
5814.92
1331.92
8361.40
27,871,333.33
14,542.16
APRIL
1028.35
5518.24
1320.46
7867.05
26,223,500
14,480.75
MAY
1001.22
5608.56
1152.78
8762.56
29,208,533
14,245.11
JUNE
1658.25
4685.25
1255.39
24.59
7623.48
25,411,600
13,987.20
JULY
1321.59
4859.66
1137.80
61.39
8380.44
27,934,800
13,678.27
AUGUST
1674.32
4975.84
1371.80
8021.96
26,739,866.67
14,735.16
SEPT
975.24
6253.05
949.72
8178.01
27,260,033.3
14,813.48
OCT
1531.52
4895.06
1208.92
7635.39
25,451,300
13,124.19
NOV
1321.52
5510.23
989.97
16.20
7837.92
26,126,400
14,432.23
DEC
1815.21
5650.16
889.92
16.20
8371.49
27,904,966.7
14,786.53
TOTAL
16,902.16
67,524.44
13,327.41
118.38
99,872.39
332,907,966.7
176,019.62
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ELECTRI
CITY
(GJ)
DIESEL
(GJ)
PETROL
(GJ)
9788.86
32,629,533.3
TOTAL
PRODUCTIO
N
(TONNES)
16,887.21
8901.35
29,671,166.7
1,4885.38
16.20
8311.59
27,705,300
13,978.68
49.52
9327.05
31,090,166.7
13,725.62
8654.99
28,849,966.7
13,789.76
7883.77
26,279,233.2
13544.11
6954.11
23,180,366.7
13,335.26
16.80
9430.11
31,433,700
15,878.54
64.78
7987.01
26,623,366.7
13,872.43
2402.29
8879.95
29,599,833.3
14,895.26
6336.38
998.79
8917.40
29,724,666.7
15,375.24
1699.43
7106.23
866.40
16.40
9688.46
32,294,866.7
16,435.48
16,036.01
72,609.71
15,866.03
212.88
104724.63
349,089,100
176,602.95
JAN
1783.64
6986.69
985.75
FEB
1321.61
6257.94
1321.74
MARCH
1048.35
6102.84
1144.20
APRIL
1132.31
6653.7
1491.52
MAY
1109.60
6282.52
1262.87
JUNE
1354.48
5168.84
1344.05
JULY
1465.21
4251.10
1237.80
AUGUST
1541.46
6704.05
1167.80
SEPT
982.87
5296.58
1642.78
OCT
1014.82
5462.84
NOV
1582.23
DEC
TOTAL
Table 4.
MONTH
ELECTRI
CITY
(GJ)
LUBRICA
NT
(GJ)
32.78
16.40
TOTAL
(GJ)
AMOUNT
(N)
PETROL
(GJ)
JAN
1638.46
7237.07
887.57
FEB
1312.16
5852.83
1223.21
MARCH
1123.13
4521.13
1312.08
APRIL
1048.35
5078.12
1351.79
MAY
1245.84
5694.31
1236.87
JUNE
1564.21
5915.69
1222.06
JULY
1241.46
5487.77
1315.40
AUGUST
842.78
6464.44
1108.75
SEPT
1541.64
6009.10
1412.92
OCT
1104.28
5208.48
1143.81
NOV
1528.23
4699.66
1125.53
DEC
1658.34
6466.31
878.45
TOTAL
15,848.88
66,664.91
14,188.40
LUBRIC
ANT
(GJ)
9763.10
32,543,666.7
TOTAL
PRODUCTIO
N
(TONNES)
16,985.30
35.36
8388.20
27,960,666.7
14,987.65
32.74
7989.08
26,630266.6
13,324.32
8458.26
24,827,400
13,515.74
8193.42
23,978066.7
12,415.63
8731.96
29,106,533.3
15,895.47
30.27
8074.90
26,916,333.3
14,885.22
16.40
8462.37
28,207,900
13,431.22
8963.66
29,878,866.7
15,975.64
8505.75
25,019,166.6
14,448.56
8353.42
27,844,733.3
13,773.67
80.74
9083.84
30,279,466.6
16,672.85
261.09
99,993.28
333,310,933,3
17,631.28
16.40
49.18
TOTAL
(GJ)
AMOUNT
(N)
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56 | Page
= 100
Where
= energy intensity index
= number of products to be aggregated
= actual energy intensity for products
,BP = best practice energy intensity for products
= production quantity for product i (each product).
= total actual energy consumption for all products
The EII is then used to calculate the energy efficiency potential at the facility by comparing the actual plant's
intensity to the intensity that would result if the plant used "reference" best technology for each process step. By
definition (see equation 1), a plant that uses the benchmark or reference technology will have an EII of 100. In
practice, actual flour plants will have an EII greater than 100. The gap between actual energy intensity at each
process step and the reference level energy consumption can be viewed as the technical energy efficiency
potential of the plant. Results are provided in terms of primary energy (electricity includes transmission and
generation losses in addition to the heat conversion factor) or final energy (electricity includes only the heat
conversion factor). BEST also provides an estimate of the potential for annual energy savings (both for
electricity and fuel) and energy costs savings, if the facility would perform at the same performance level as the
benchmark or reference flour plant. All intensities are given as comprehensive intensities. Comprehensive
electricity intensity is equal to the total electricity consumed per tonne of flour produced. Similarly,
comprehensive fuel intensity is equal to the total fuel consumed per tonne of flour produced, based on the raw
materials input (wheat and maize grains).
III.
RESULT
This chapter focuses on the result and discussion of the findings, due to the presentation of data collection
from the researched based.
Data presentation and calculation
From the data presented in the previous chapter, we computed the total summary of energy consumed through
the years;
Total Energy Consumed:
This is the summation of the amount of electricity; lubricants, diesel and petrol used after conversion to energy
and are shown in the table below:
Table 5. total energy consumed over the period
Energy source
2007
2008
2009
2010
Total
(GJ)
Electricity
15088.29
16902.16
16036.01
15848.88
63875.34
Lubricants
162.98
118.38
212.88
261.09
755.33
Diesel
75218.01
69524.41
72609.71
69694.91
287047.04
Petrol
9057.82
13327.41
15866.03
14188.40
52439.72
Total
99527.10
99872.39
104724.63
99993.28
404117.43
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57 | Page
Where the surface area was given to be 44100m , so that the energy intensity for 2007 will
be:
99527 .10
3
Energyinten =
= 2.26 =2.30GJ/m
44100
44100
44100
2.5
2.0
2.30GJ
/m3
2.30GJ
/m3
2007
2008
2.40GJ
/m3
2.30GJ
/m3
(GJ/m3)
1.5
1.0
0.5
2010
2009
Period
After calculating the intensity of energy for the period of 2007 2010, we look at the energy intensity
index of each year using the benchmarking energy saving model, which is represented
mathematically as:
= 100
= 100
,
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Calculating for production quantity of bread flour(), when = 1, recall =1 (bread flour) was
produce at 0.25 ratio.
Inputting the data into the equation to get the energy intensity of each product in 2007
= 100
For bread flour,
= 100
For wheat,
= 100
For pasta,
= 100
For macaroni,
= 100
Ratio
1
2
3
4
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
=1
99527 .10
4 43931 .99 2.30
=1
99527 .10
4 87863 .97 2.30
=2
= 98.45
= 49.24
99527.10
4
=3 131795.96
2.30
= 32.43
99527.10
= 24.62
2.30
4
=4 175727
Bread flour
Wheat
Pasta
Macaroni
43931.99
87863.97
131795.96
175727.95
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99527.10
99527.10
99527.10
99527.10
2.30
2.30
2.30
2.30
98.48
49.24
32.43
24.62
59 | Page
=?
n =4
Calculating for production quantity of bread flour(), when = 1, recall =1 (bread flour) was
produce at 0.25 ratio
=176019.62 0.25 = 44004.91bags
For wheat,
When = 2, 0.5 ratio
= 176019.62 0.5 = 88009.81bags
For pasta,
When = 3, 0.75 ratio
= 176019.62 0.75 = 132014.72bags
For macaroni
When = 4, 1 ratio
= 176019.62 1 = 176019.62bags
Inputting the data into the equation to get the energy intensity of each product in 2008
= 100
For wheat,
= 100
For pasta,
= 100
For macaroni
= 100
Ratio
1
2
3
4
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
=1
99872 .39
4 44004 .91 2.30
=1
99872 .39
4 88009 .81 2.30
=2
99872 .39
4 132014 .72 2.30
=3
99872 .39
4 176019 .62 2.30
=3
= 98.68
= 49.34
= 32.89
= 24.67
Bread flour
Wheat
Pasta
Macaroni
44004.91
88009.81
132014.72
176019.62
99872.39
99872.39
99872.39
99872.39
2.30
2.30
2.30
2.30
98.68
49.34
32.89
24.67
Therefore, the total energy intensity index for the year 2008 is the sum total of all the energy intensity
index of each product;
=98.68+49.32+32.89+24.67 = 205.56
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=?
n =4
Calculating for production quantity of bread flour(), when = 1, recall =1 (bread flour) was
produce at 0.25 ratio
= total production of products in 2009
= 176602.95 0.25 = 44150.5
For macaroni, = 4, 1
= 176602.95 1 = 176602.95
Inputting the data into the equation to get the energy intensity of each product in 2009
= 100
For bread flour,
= 100
104724.63
= 98.80
2.40
4
=1 44150.5
For wheat,
= 100
104724.63
= 49.42
2.40
4
=2 88301.5
For pasta,
= 100
For macaroni,
= 100
Ratio
1
2
3
4
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
4 ,
=1
104724 .63
4 132452 .22.40
=3
=32.94
104724.63
= 24.71
2.40
4
=4 176602.95
Bread flour
Wheat
Pasta
Macaroni
44150.5
88301.5
132452.2
176602.95
104724.63
104724.63
104724.63
104724.63
2.40
2.40
2.40
2.40
98.80
49.42
32.94
24.71
Therefore, the total energy intensity index for the year 2009 is the sum total of all the energy intensity
index of each product;
=98.8+49.42+32.94+24.71=205.87
Using the formula to calculate the energy intensity index for 2010
Where, =99993.28GJ
, BP=2.30GJ/m
=?
n =4
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Calculating for production quantity of bread flour(), when = 1, recall =1 (bread flour) was
produce at 0.25 ratio
= total production of products in 2009
= 176311.28 0.25 = 44077.82
For macaroni, = 4, 1
= 176311.28 1 = 176311.28
Inputting the data into the equation to get the energy intensity of each product in 2010
= 100 4
=1 ,
99993.28
= 98.63
2.30
4
=1 44077.82
For wheat,
= 100
99993.28
= 49.32
2.30
4
=2 88155.64
For pasta,
= 100
For macaroni,
= 100
Ratio
1
2
3
4
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
99993.28
4 132233 .462.30
=3
=32.88
99993.28
4
=4 176311.28
2.30
= 24.66
Bread flour
Wheat
Pasta
Macaroni
44077.82
88155.64
132233.46
176311.28
99993.28
99993.28
99993.28
99993.28
2.30
2.30
2.30
2.30
98.63
49.32
32.88
24.66
Therefore, the total energy intensity index for the year 2010 is the sum total of all the energy intensity
index of each product;
= 98.63+49.32+32.88+24.66 =205.49
From the data derived after calculating the energy intensity index of each year, the table below was
derived. We can actually know the energy efficiency potential of the plant. Recall that the benchmark
energy saving tool stress that in practice, the must be greater than 100.
Table 10. Energy intensity index for each year.
204.74
205.56
205.87
205.49
PERIOD
2007
2008
2009
2010
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225
200
205.56
205.87
205.49
150
100
Ref. point
50
0
2007
2008
IV.
2009
2010
(period)
DISCUSSION
From the result of the above analysis obtain from the period shows a slight change in the energy intensity
(EI) and energy intensity index (EII). 2009 was discovered to be the most un-efficient due to high rate of unefficient use of energy during the production phase of that year.
In the year 2010, it was observed to be the most efficient from the benchmarking evergy saving tool (BEST) due
to its lest rate of EII.
Due to the possible variation in the energy usage, decision-makers in Niger mill can base on the result analysis
compare the performance information derived to generate an hypothesis either accepted or rejected.
V.
CONCLUSION
The research concludes that Decision Support Systems are assuming a bigger and more critical role in
business decision making and resource management. From the analysis at the previous chapter, a DSS approach
to solving problems must begin with an in-depth analysis of the whole energy system. As such the decision
making is premised on the synthesis of data and information; such synthesis being achieved using an optimizing
or satisfying model. The AMPL tool (benchmarking or energy saving tool) an energy model offers a quick-tolearn and deploy tool for achieving the optimization goals that affect decision making when planning to invest in
energy capacity expansion. The results from the analysis show that the model generates values that are better
than the default state and would serve as a good decision support resource.
VI.
RECOMMENDATION
Upon the finding of this study, it is then relevant to make some recommendations. The following points if
seriously considered could go a long way to solve most of the energy problems that is affecting manufacturing
industry in the country
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Every manufacturing firm should take advantage of these analytical tools (DSS) used to resolve
decisionmaking problems in the operations and scheduling of various energy generating or
consumption facilities of plant.
The schedule must meet their respective energy commitment and maximize the economic returns from
the operations of their facilities.
A decision support based approach should be used in the energy sector to enable the managers choice
of decision.
VII.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
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[2.]
[3.]
[4.]
[5.]
[6.]
[7.]
[8.]
[9.]
[10.]
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[14.]
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[17.]
[18.]
[19.]
[20.]
[21.]
[22.]
[23.]
[24.]
[25.]
[26.]
[27.]
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