Statically Indeterminate Beams Differential Equations

10
Statically Indeterminate Beams
Differential Equations of the Deflection Curve

The problems for Section 10.3 are to be solved by integrating the
differential equations of the deflection curve. All beams have constant
flexural rigidity EI. When drawing shear-force and bending-moment
diagrams, be sure to label all critical ordinates, including maximum
and minimum values.
y
A
RA
B.C.
EIv
REACTIONS (FROM EQUILIBRIUM)

(1)
RB RA
v(0) 0
(2)
MA x
Lx

L 6
2
M0 x3
C2
6L
B.C.
v(0) 0
C2 0
B.C.
v(L) 0
MA
M0
2
REACTIONS (SEE EQS. 1 AND 2)

BENDING MOMENT (FROM EQUILIBRIUM)
M0 x
MA
M RAx MA
(x L)
L
L
MA
(3)
M0
2
RA
3M0
2L
RB
SHEAR FORCE (FROM EQUILIBRIUM)

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
EIv M
RB
C1 0
Select MA as the redundant reaction.
MA M0

L
L
Propped cantilever beam
M0 applied load
RA
MA
Problem 10.3-1 A propped cantilever beam AB of length L is loaded

by a counterclockwise moment M0 acting at support B (see figure).
Beginning with the second-order differential equation of the
deflection curve (the bending-moment equation), obtain the reactions,
shear forces, bending moments, slopes, and deflections of the beam.
Construct the shear-force and bending-moment diagrams, labeling all
critical ordinates.
Solution 10.3-1
M0
V RA
M0 x
MA
(x L)
L
L
M0 x2
MA x2
L x
C1
EIv
L 2
2L
3 M0
2L
BENDING MOMENT (FROM EQ. 3)

(4)
M
2 M0
(3x L)
2L
3M0
2L
(5)
634
CHAPTER 10
SLOPE (FROM EQ. 4)

M0 x
v
(2L 3x)
4 LEI
SHEAR-FORCE AND BENDING-MOMENT DIAGRAMS

3M0
2L
DEFLECTION (FROM EQ. 5)

M0 x2
v
(L x)
4 LEI
V
O
Mo
O
Mo
2
y
Problem 10.3-2 A fixed-end beam AB of length L supports a uniform

load of intensity q (see figure).
deflection curve (the bending-moment equation), obtain the reactions,
shear forces, bending moments, slopes, and deflections of the beam.
Construct the shear-force and bending-moment diagrams, labeling all
critical ordinates.
Solution 10.3-2
REACTIONS (FROM SYMMETRY AND EQUILIBRIUM)
RA RB
qL
2
MB MA
qx2
q
MA (L x x2 )
2
2
qL
2
MA MB
q
V RA qx (L 2x)
2
(1)
BENDING MOMENT (FROM EQ. 1)
q 2
(L 6 Lx 6x2 )
12
M
q
EIv M MA (L x x2 )
2
SLOPE (FROM EQ. 2)
q L x2 x3
EIv MAx
C1
2 2
3
B.C.
MAx2 q L x3 x4

C2
2
2 6
12
C2 0
qL2
B.C. 3 v(L) 0 MA
12
B.C.
(2)
v
1 v(0) 0 C1 0
EIv
2 v(0) 0
qL2
12
SHEAR FORCE (FROM EQUILIBRIUM)

M RAx MA
MB
L
Fixed-end beam (uniform load)

REACTIONS
(3)
qx
(L2 3 L x 2x2 )
12 EI
DEFLECTION (FROM EQ. 3)

v
qx2
(L x) 2
24 EI
max v
RA
Select MA as the redundant reaction.
RA RB
MA
qL4
L

2
384 EI
RB
SECTION 10.3
635

qL2
24
qL
2
x
M
V
O
qL
2
qL2
12
RA RB
x
B
A
MA
RA
RB
Cantilever beam with imposed displacement B

SHEAR FORCE (EQ. 4)

MA RB L
(1)
3 EIB
L3
(2)
V
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
REACTIONS (EQS. 1 AND 2)
RA V(0)
3 EIB
L3
q 0
V C1
M C1x C2
C1x22 C2x C3
C1x 36 C2x 22 C3x + C4
EIv
EIv
EIv
EIv
EIv
v(0) 0
C4 0
B.C. 2 v(0) 0
C3 0
B.C. 3 v(L) 0
(8)
C1L C2 0
2
B.C. 4 v(L) B C1L 3C2 6EIB L
(9)
B.C.
RA RB
SOLVE EQUATIONS (8) AND (9):

C1
3 EIB
L3
C2
3 EIB
L2
3 EIB
L3
MA RBL
DEFLECTION (FROM EQ. 7):
v
qL2
12
Problem 10.3-3 A cantilever beam AB of length L has a fixed support

at A and a roller support at B (see figure). The support at B is moved
downward through a distance B.
Using the fourth-order differential equation of the deflection curve
(the load equation), determine the reactions of the beam and the equation
of the deflection curve. (Note: Express all results in terms of the imposed
displacement B.)
Solution 10.3-3
B x2
(3L x)
2L3
SLOPE (FROM EQ. 6):

v
3 B x
(2L x)
2 L3
3 EIB
L2
636
CHAPTER 10
Problem 10.3-4 A cantilever beam AB of length L has a fixed support at

A and a spring support at B (see figure). The spring behaves in a linearly
elastic manner with stiffness k.
If a uniform load of intensity q acts on the beam, what is the
downward displacement B of end B of the beam? (Use the second-order
differential equation of the deflection curve, that is, the bending-moment
equation.)
y
q
MA
k
RA
RB
L
Solution 10.3-4
Beam with spring support
q intensity of uniform load

EQUILIBRIUM RA qL RB
MA
qL2
RB L
2
SPRING RB k B
EIv RA
(1)
(2)
(3)
B downward displacement of point B.
x3
x2 qx4
MA
C1x C2
6
2
24
B.C. 1 v(0) 0 C1 0
B.C. 2 v(0) 0 C2 0
B.C. 3 v(L) B
EIv RA
EI B
RA L3 MAL2 qL4

6
2
24
Substitute RA and MA from Eqs. (1) and (2):
qx2
M RAx MA
2
EI B
RB L3 q L4

3
8
Substitute for RB from Eq. (3) and solve:

2
EIv M RAx MA
qx3
x2
MAx
C1
2
6
qx
2
B
3 qL4
24 EI 8 kL3
y
Problem 10.3-5 A propped cantilever beam AB of length L supports

a triangularly distributed load of maximum intensity q0 (see figure).
Beginning with the fourth-order differential equation of the deflection
curve (the load equation), obtain the reactions of the beam and the
equation of the deflection curve.
q0
MA
RA
L
Solution 10.3-5
RB

q0 x2 q0 x3

C1x C2
2
6L
Triangular load q q0(L x)L
EIv M
EIv
q0 x3 q0 x4
x2

C1 C2 x C3
6
24 L
2
EIv
q0 x4
q0 x5
x3
x2

C1 C2 C3 x C4 (5)
24
120 L
6
2
q0
EIv q (L x)
L
EIv V q0 x
q0 x2
C1
2L
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
SECTION 10.3
B.C.
C1L C2
1 v(L) 0
REACTIONS
(6)
C3 0
C4 0
2 v(0) 0
B.C. 3
v(0) 0
B.C.
B.C.
q0 L2
3
v(L) 0
C1L 3C2
q0 L2
5
2q0 L
5
MA
C2
2 q0 L
5
q0 L
RB V(L)
10
RA V(0)
From equilibrium:
(7)
Solve Eqs. (6) and (7):

C1
637
q0 L2
15
q0 L2
q0 L2
RB L
6
15
DEFLECTION CURVE (FROM EQ. 5)

EIv
SHEAR FORCE (EQ. 2)
q0 x4
q0 x5
2 q0 L x3
q0 L2 x2

24
120 L
5
6
15 2
or
q0
V
(4L2 10 Lx 5x2 )
10 L
v
q0 x2
(4L3 8 L2x 5 L x2 x3 )
120 LEI
Problem 10.3-6 The load on a propped cantilever beam AB of length L

is parabolically distributed according to the equation q q0(1 x2/L2),
as shown in the figure.
y
x2
q = q0 1 2
L
q0
MA
)
x
RA
L
Solution 10.3-6
Parabolic load q q0(1 x2L2)
Solve Eqs. (6) and (7):

C1 61q0L120
C2 11q0 L2120
EIv q q0 (1 x2L2 )
(1)
SHEAR FORCE (EQ. 2)
EIv V q0 (x x33L2 ) C1
(2)
V
(3)
REACTIONS RA V(0) 61q0 L 120

RB V(L) 19q0 L 120
EIv M q0
3
EIv q0
x
x

C1x C2
2 12 L2
5
x
x
x

C1 C2 x C3
6 60 L2
2
(4)
x4
x6
x3
x2

C

C
C3 x C4 (5)
EIv q0
1
2
24 360 L2
6
2
1 v(L) 0
B.C. 2 v(0) 0
B.C. 3
v(0) 0
B.C. 4
v(L) 0
B.C.
C1L C2 5q0 L212

C3 0
C4 0
C1L 3C2 7q0 L230
(6)
q0
(61L3 120 L2x 40x3 )
120 L2
From equilibrium:
11 q0 L2
2
3L
MA (q0 )(L) RB L
3
8
120
(7)
v
q0 x2
(33 L4 61L3x 30 L2x2 2x4 )
720 L2EI
q0 x2 (L x)
(33 L3 28 L2x 2 Lx2 2x3 )
720 L2EI
RB
638
CHAPTER 10
Problem 10.3-7 The load on a fixed-end beam AB of length L is

distributed in the form of a sine curve (see figure). The intensity
of the distributed load is given by the equation q q0 sin x/L.
MA
RA
Solution 10.3-7
V
MA MB
q0 L
x
cos

L
EIv q q0 sin xL
(1)
q0 L
x
EIv V
cos
C1

L
(2)
q0 L2
x
C1x C2
2 sin
L

3
q0 L
x
x2
EIv 3 cos
C1 C2x C3
L
2

EIv M
(3)
2
B.C. 3
B.C. 4
q0 L4
x
x3
x2
sin

C

C
C3 x C4 (5)
1
2
L
6
2
4
L
From symmetry, V 0 C1 0
2
v(0) 0
C3 q0 L33
v(L) 0
C2 2 q0 L23
C4 0
v(0) 0
q0 L

q0 L
RB RA

RA V(0)
M
q0 L2
x
2
3 sin
L
MA M(0)
2 q0 L2
3
MB MA
2 q0 L2
3

EIv
q0 L4
x q0 L2x2 q0 L3x
sin

L
4
3
3
or
v
q0 L2 2
x
L sin
x2 Lx
4
L
EI
Problem 10.3-8 A fixed-end beam AB of length L supports

a triangularly distributed load of maximum intensity q0 (see figure).
q0
MA
RA
Solution 10.3-8
RB
BENDING MOMENT (EQ. 3)
(4)
EIv
B.C.
MB
SHEAR FORCE (EQ. 2)
FROM SYMMETRY: RA RB
Fixed-end beam (sine load)
q q0 sin xL
B.C.
x
q = q0 sin
L
B
L
MB
RB
Fixed-end beam (triangular load)

x2 x3
C1x C2
2 6L
(3)
x3
x4
x2

C1 C2 x C3
6 24 L
2
(4)
q q0(1 xL)
EIv M q0
EIv q0
x
EIv q q0 1
L
EIv V q0 x
x2
C1
2L
(1)
(2)
EIv q0
x4
x5
x3
x2

C1 C2 C3 x C4 (5)
24 120 L
6
2
SECTION 10.3
B.C.
v(0) 0
B.C.
v(L) 0
B.C.
v(0) 0
v(L) 0
B.C.
C3 0
q0 L2
C1L 2C2
4
C4 0
q0 L2
C1L 3C2
5
BENDING MOMENT (EQ. 3)

q0
(3L3 21 L2x 30 Lx2 10x3 )
60 L
(6)
M
(7)
REACTIONS
Solve eqs. (6) and (7):

C1
7q0 L
20
C2
q0 L2
20
MA M(0)
q0 L2
20
MB M(L)
q0 L2
30
DEFLECTION CURVE (EQ. 5)
SHEAR FORCE (EQ. 2)
v
q0
(7L2 20 Lx 10x2 )
20 L
7q0 L
REACTIONS RA V(0)
20
3q0 L
RB V(L)
20
or
V
v
q0 x2
(3L3 7L2x 5 Lx2 x3 )
120 LEI
q0 x2
(L x) 2 (3L x)
120 LEI
Problem 10.3-9 A counterclockwise moment M0 acts at the midpoint

of a fixed-end beam ACB of length L (see figure).
deflection curve (the bending-moment equation), determine all reactions
of the beam and obtain the equation of the deflection curve for the
left-hand half of the beam.
Then construct the shear-force and bending-moment diagrams for the
entire beam, labeling all critical ordinates. Also, draw the deflection curve
for the entire beam.
Solution 10.3-9
y
M0
A
MA
RA
C
L
Beam is symmetric; load is antisymmetric.
EQUILIBRIUM (OF ENTIRE BEAM)
Therefore, RA RB MA MB C 0
MA M0 MB RAL 0
a MB 0
RAL
RAL
or,
M0
RAL 0
6
6
3M0
RA RB
2L
M0
RAL
MA MB
MA
6
4
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS (0 x L 2)

(1)
x
MAx C1
2
x3
x2
EIv RA MA C1x C2
6
2
EIv RA
1 v(0) 0
2 v(0) 0
L
B.C. 3 v 0
2
B.C.
B.C.
(2)
(3)
C1 0
C2 0
RAL
RA L
MA
Also, MB
6
6
DEFLECTION CURVE (EQ. 3)

v
M0 x2
(L 2x)
8 LEI
x
Fixed-end beam (M0 = applied load)
EIv M RAx MA
639
MB
RB
640
CHAPTER 10
DIAGRAMS
3M0
2L
3
M0
2
M0
4
M0 L2
216 EI
At point of inflection: max2
max
M0
4
max
M0
2
Problem 10.3-10 A propped cantilever beam AB supports

a concentrated load P acting at the midpoint C (see figure).
deflection curve (the bending-moment equation), determine all reactions
of the beam and draw the shear-force and bending-moment diagrams for
the entire beam.
Also, obtain the equations of the deflection curves for both halves
of the beam, and draw the deflection curve for the entire beam.
Solution 10.3-10
y
P
A
MA
RA
L
RB
P applied load at x L2
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS (0 x L2)
Select RB as redundant reaction.
EIv M (P RB ) x
x2
PL

RB L x C1
(4)
2
2
x3
PL
x2
EIv (P RB )
RB L C1x C2 (5)
6
2
2
v(0) 0
B.C. 1
C1 0
B.C. 2
v(0) 0
C2 0
RA P RB
(1)
MA
PL
RB L
2
PL
RB L
2
L
0 x
2
M RB (L x)
L
x L
2
(3)
EIv (P RB )
BENDING MOMENTS (FROM EQUILIBRIUM)

M RAx MA (P RB )x
PL
RB L
2
(2)
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS (L2 x L)

EIv M RB (L x)
(6)
x
C3
2
x2
x3
EIv RB L RB C3x C4
2
6
EIv RBLx RB
(7)
(8)
SECTION 10.3
C3 L C4
B.C.
v(L) 0
B.C.
continuity condition at point C
L
at x :
2
RB L3
3
(v) Left (v) Right
(v) Left (v) Right
(P RB )
L3
PL
L2

RB L
48
2
8
RB L
(10)
(11)
SLOPE IN RIGHT-HAND PART OF THE BEAM

From eq. (7): v
P
(4L2 10Lx 5x2 )
32EI
5x21 10Lx1 4L2 0
L
5 5
5
0.5528L
x1
MAXIMUM DEFLECTION
max (v) xx1 0.009317
11P
16
From eq. (1):
RA P RB
From eq. (2):
PL
3PL
MA
RBL
2
16

5PL
32
3L
11
3PL
16
5P
16
C
3L
11
max
x1
11P
16
PL3
EI
DEFLECTION CURVE
SHEAR-FORCE AND BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAMS
P
(2L3 12L2x 15Lx2 5x3 )
96EI
P

(L x)(2L2 10Lx 5x2 )
96EI
(L/2 x L)
Point of zero slope:
5P
or RB
16
(0 x L/2)
v
RB L3 PL3
L2
L3
PL2 L
RB

8
48
8 2
3
8
Px2
(9L 11x)
96EI
DEFLECTION CURVE FOR L/2 x L (FROM EQ. 8)
continuity condition at point C.
L
at x :
2
DEFLECTION CURVE FOR 0 x L/2 (FROM EQ. 5)

v
L2
PL
L
(P RB )
RB L
8
2
2
L
L2
RB RB C3
2
8
PL2
or C3
8
RB L3 PL3

From eq. (9): C4
3
8
B.C.
(9)
641
642
CHAPTER 10
Method of Superposition
The problems for Section 10.4 are to be solved by the method of
superposition. All beams have constant flexural rigidity EI unless
otherwise stated. When drawing shear-force and bending-moment
diagrams, be sure to label all critical ordinates, including maximum
and minimum values.
RA
Problem 10.4-1 A propped cantilever beam AB of length L carries

a concentrated load P acting at the position shown in the figure.
Determine the reactions RA, RB, and MA for this beam. Also, draw the
shear-force and bending-moment diagrams, labeling all critical ordinates.
Solution 10.4-1
MA
b
L
Select RB as redundant.
COMPATIBILITY
B (B)1 (B)2 0
EQUILIBRIUM
RA P RB
RBL3
Pa2
(3L a)
0
6EI
3EI
Pa2
RB 3 (3L a)
2L
B
MA Pa RB L
RELEASED STRUCTURE AND FORCE-DISPLACEMENT

RELATIONS
OTHER REACTIONS (FROM EQUILIBRIUM)
P
A
Pa2
(B)1 6EI (3L a)
RA
Pb
(3L2 b2 )
2L3
MA
Pab
(L b)
2L2

(B)2
A
L
L3
PB
(3L a)
3EI
RA
V
RB
O
RB
M1
M
M1 RBb
O
MA
RB

Statically Indeterminate Beams Differential Equations

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Statically Indeterminate Beams Differential Equations

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10

Statically Indeterminate Beams

Differential Equations of the Deflection Curve

REACTIONS (FROM EQUILIBRIUM)

REACTIONS (SEE EQS. 1 AND 2)

SHEAR FORCE (FROM EQUILIBRIUM)

Select MA as the redundant reaction.

Propped cantilever beam

Problem 10.3-1 A propped cantilever beam AB of length L is loaded

BENDING MOMENT (FROM EQ. 3)

Statically Indeterminate Beams

SLOPE (FROM EQ. 4)

SHEAR-FORCE AND BENDING-MOMENT DIAGRAMS

DEFLECTION (FROM EQ. 5)

Problem 10.3-2 A fixed-end beam AB of length L supports a uniform

REACTIONS (FROM SYMMETRY AND EQUILIBRIUM)

SLOPE (FROM EQ. 2)

SHEAR FORCE (FROM EQUILIBRIUM)

BENDING MOMENT (FROM EQUILIBRIUM)

Fixed-end beam (uniform load)

DEFLECTION (FROM EQ. 3)

Select MA as the redundant reaction.

Differential Equations of the Deflection Curve

SHEAR-FORCE AND BENDING-MOMENT DIAGRAMS

Cantilever beam with imposed displacement B

REACTIONS (FROM EQUILIBRIUM)

REACTIONS (EQS. 1 AND 2)

SOLVE EQUATIONS (8) AND (9):

DEFLECTION (FROM EQ. 7):

Problem 10.3-3 A cantilever beam AB of length L has a fixed support

SLOPE (FROM EQ. 6):

Statically Indeterminate Beams

Problem 10.3-4 A cantilever beam AB of length L has a fixed support at

Beam with spring support

q intensity of uniform load

B downward displacement of point B.

BENDING MOMENT (FROM EQUILIBRIUM)

Substitute RA and MA from Eqs. (1) and (2):

Substitute for RB from Eq. (3) and solve:

Problem 10.3-5 A propped cantilever beam AB of length L supports

Propped cantilever beam

Triangular load q q0(L x)L

Solve Eqs. (6) and (7):

Differential Equations of the Deflection Curve

DEFLECTION CURVE (FROM EQ. 5)

SHEAR FORCE (EQ. 2)

Problem 10.3-6 The load on a propped cantilever beam AB of length L

Propped cantilever beam

Parabolic load q q0(1 x2L2)

Solve Eqs. (6) and (7):

SHEAR FORCE (EQ. 2)

EIv V q0 (x x33L2 ) C1

REACTIONS RA V(0) 61q0 L 120

C1L C2 5q0 L212

Statically Indeterminate Beams

Problem 10.3-7 The load on a fixed-end beam AB of length L is

DEFLECTION CURVE (FROM EQ. 5)

Problem 10.3-8 A fixed-end beam AB of length L supports

BENDING MOMENT (EQ. 3)

SHEAR FORCE (EQ. 2)

Fixed-end beam (sine load)

Fixed-end beam (triangular load)

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS (0 x L 2)

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS (0 x L2)

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS (L2 x L)

DEFLECTION CURVE FOR L/2 x L (FROM EQ. 8)

DEFLECTION CURVE FOR 0 x L/2 (FROM EQ. 5)