Subject: RE: [ECONF] modelling in sap2000-14. Use ACI 318-11 Section 8.7, 8.8.

1
, 8.8.2 for Concrete Cracked Sections.
Date: Tue, 20 Mar 2012 17:05:14 +0000
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font-size:10pt;font-family:Tahoma;} Dear Pendhari,
I can help you with this problem of "CONCRETE CRACKED SECTION PROPERTIES" to be
used in Concrete Frame Analysis in STAAD/PRO or SAP-2000. Recently I myself run
in to this problem while reviewing a fellow Engineers Concrete Frame Analysis an
d Design. This Frame Analysis and Design for an International Project was based
on ACI 318-05 . Properties of Concrete Frame analysis were based on Gross Sectio
n ( Ig = 1/12X bxd**3) and not on reduced properties of ACI 318-05 section 10.11
.1. This was corrected later. A new analysis and design was done.
Point is there still exist some confusion for many engineers on International Pr
ojects as to how to meet requirements of ACI 318 code for Concrete Frame Analysi
s. What is the intent of ACI 318-11 Section 8.7, 8.8.1 and 8.8.2.?
Here is my understanding of Concrete Cracked Section Properties based on ACI 318
-11 Section 8.8.1 and 8.8.2 (a).
Cracked Section properties from Section 10.10.4.1:
Modulus of Elasticity Ec = Ec section 8.5.1 (No reduction)
Moment of Inertia of Columns (Iyy and Izz) = 0.7Ig (Ig = Gross Ig = 1/12xbd**3)
No reduction in Ixx (Torsion) and Ax, AY , AZ
Moment of Inertia of Beams (Iyy and Izz) = 0.35Ig (Ig = Gross Ig = 1/12xbd**3)
No reduction in Ixx (Torsion) and Ax, AY , AZ
There are two seperate analysis you will be doing of your 3D Concrete Frame:
1) At Service Load Combinations:-For Frame Drift, Member Deflections and Foundat
ion Pressures (Soil Bearing Stress): Based on section 8.8.1:
a) For Columns Use Iyy and Izz = 1.4X0.7Ig = 0.98Ig = Ig (at Service Load
combinations you can use Ig (uncracked) for Columns.
b) For Beams (Flexure) Use Iyy and Izz = 1.4X0.35Ig = 0.49Ig (say 0.5Ig or 50% o
f
gross Moment of Inertia for beams. Think of this even at Service Loads analysis
ACI Code wants you use only 50%Ig for Beams in Frame Analysis. This will
change your frame Drift, Member Deflections and may impact your Frame Member
Sizes to get to the allowable Drift, Member Deflections Values. STAAD/PRO Tech.
Reference Manual Section 3.3 has the same values of Concrete Cracked Section
Properties for Beams (50% Ig) for many years.
2) At Factored Load Combinations:-- For Member Design Forces and Reinforcement
Design.
a) For Columns use Iyy and Izz = 0.7Ig
No reduction in Ixx (Torsion) and Ax, AY , AZ
b) For Beams (Flexure) use Iyy and Izz = 0.35Ig
No reduction in Ixx (Torsion) and Ax, AY , AZ
If you want Code also allows you to use Iyy and Izz = 0.5Ig for both Columns
and Beams based on section 8.8.2(b).
Point is using Gross Moment of Inertia Ig for Concrete Frame Analysis at Factore
d Load Combinations is simply wrong. Some of us engineers still have not cought
up with this change and use Gross Moment Of Inertias (Ig) for beams at Service L
oad and Factored Loads. Based on ACI 318 Code we can not and should not do that.