Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Emppu Salonen
Helsinki University of Technology
E-mail: emppu.salonen@hut.fi
www.fyslab.hut.fi/~ems/
Ruhr-University Bochum 23.-27.10.2006
Tuesday 24.10.
Wednesday 25.10.
Thursday 26.10.
Friday 27.10.
9) Quantum-mechanics and MD
10) Contemporary MD simulations
Model
Experiment
Simulation
Theory
Experimental
measurement
Simulated
prediction
Theoretical
prediction
Comparison
Understanding of Nature
Testing of model/theory
Simulation
Time > 1 s
Lengthscale > 1
Phase field models, FEM
Experiment
Bare eye
SPEED
ACCURACY
200 nm
20 nm
2 nm
Electron
Microscope
0.2 nm
ATOMS
Electronic structures
Ab initio
Optical
microscope
ORGANELLES
Subatomic scale
2 m
MOLECULES
CELLS
Nanoscale
0.2 mm
20 m
Mesoscale
Time ~ 108 10-2 s
Lengthscale ~ 10-1000 nm
DPD, coarse-graining
Length Object
Molecular dynamics
Molecular dynamics (MD): Model the motion of some group of particles
(e.g., atoms) by solving the classical equations of motion.
Forces between different particles are derived
from some analytical force model,
Force models
The heart of any molecular dynamics scheme is the force model used to
analytically describe the atomistic interactions.
Regardless of the merits of the other algorithms in the simulation code
(integrators, pressure and temperature controls etc.), whether or not your
simulation produces realistic results depends ultimately on the force model.
Force models are also the computationally most intensive parts of a molecular
dynamics simulation code, taking up to 95% of the total simulation time.
Bernie Alder
Liquid
Liquid + FCC
FCC
Density
State-of-the-art
Satellite Tobacco Mosaic Virus
(STMV)
60 identical copies of a single
protein, and a 1063 nucleotide
single stranded RNA genome
~ 106 atoms
Simulation time ~ 10 ns
State-of-the-art (2)
Ductile Failure of a Flawed
FCC Solid Under Tension
http://www.almaden.ibm.com/st/computational_science/msmp/fractures/df/?df2
End simulation
Boundary Conditions
Our spatial scales are limited. What can we do?
No boundaries
e.g. droplet of liquid, protein in vacuum;
entails a formation of a surface on the system
Simulations on a sphere
Fixed boundaries
totally unphysical, should be avoided; in principle we need a
sacrificial region between the part of the system under
study and a fixed boundary
Periodic boundaries
the most widely used option
system
sacrificial region
fixed
Mixed boundaries
for example, infinite in z, periodic in x and y
Example: Aquaporin
Stochastic simulations
- Brownian/Langevin dynamics
- Computationally fast
- No hydrodynamics
Monte Carlo
Coarse-grained models
Literature
M. P. Allen and D. J. Tildesley, Computer Simulation of Liquids
(Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1987)
A. R. Leach, Molecular Modelling, 2nd edition
(Prentice Hall, Harlow, 2001)
D. Frenkel and B. Smit, Understanding Molecular Simulation
(Academic Press, San Diego, 2002)
T. Schlick, Molecular Modeling and Simulation
(Springer-Verlag, New York, 2002)
F. Jensen, Introduction to Computational Chemistry
(Wiley, Chichester, 1999)
D.C.Rapaport, The Art of Molecular Dynamics
(Cambridge University Press, 2004)