LECTURES

Lectures utilizes teacher presentation of content to students may be accompanied by some type
of visual aide or hand out. Students generally sit passively and listen
ARGUMENTATION/DEBATE
The process of inquiry or reasoned judgment on a proposition aimed at demonstrating the truth
or falsehood of something. Involves the construction of logical arguments and oral defense of a
proposition
CASE STUDY/CASE SCENARIO
A case study is an in-depth analysis of a real life-situation as a way to illustrate class content. It
applies the principles didactic (lecture) content and theory to real life or simulated life or both
COOPERATIVE LEARNING
In cooperative learning teams of learners work on assignments and assumes responsibility for
group learning activities
DEMONSTRATION/RETURN DEMONSTRATION
A demonstration involves the teacher showing the students how to perform a process or
procedure. Whereas a return demonstration someone is shown how to do something
(Instructional Methods, 2012) edtech2.tennesse.edu.
PEER SHARING/TEACHING
Peer sharing is a dialogue involving two or more persons of the same age, profession or school.
On the other hand peer teaching is having one student taught by another. One is usually quite
knowledgeable on a subject matter while the other is a novice
SIMULATION
Simulation is a near representation of an actual life event using computer software, role play,
case studies or games that represents reality and actively involve learners in applying the content
of the lesson
ROLE PLAY
In a role play individuals (for example students) are assigned roles based on written scenario to
simulate real interaction in a classroom setting. It is also seen as a dramatic approach in which
individuals roles of others, observed by others for analysis and interpretation

QUESTIONING/SOCRATIC METHOD
The questioning method is an expression of inquiry that invites or calls for a reply either in an
interrogative sentence phrase or gesture.
Socratic Questioning: probing questioning to analyze and individuals thinking processes
SELF-DIRECTED LEARNING
In self-directed learning individuals take initiative and responsibility for learning. They select,
manage, and assess their own learning activities.
Motivation and volition are critical as is independence in setting goals and defining what is
worthwhile to learn.
IMAGERY/GUIDED IMAGERY
Mental picturing, diagraming or rehearsal before the actual use of the information
LEARNING CONTRACT
A learning contract is an agreement negotiated between the student and the teacher in order to
change the students behavior and improve their opportunities to learn. The benefit of a learning
contract is that it can affect a positive change in a students behaviour while still involving that
student in the class
CONCEPT MAPS
Concept maps are graphical tools used for organizing and representing knowledge. They include
concepts, usually enclosed in circles or boxes of some type, and relationships between concepts
indicated by a connecting line linking two concepts.
PORTFOLIOS
Collection of students work that exhibits progress or attainment of some educational outcome
PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL)
The problem is a clinical situation presented as a stimulus for students to acquire specific
knowledge and abilities in the solution of problems. PBL uses clinical problems and professional
issues as the focus for integrating all the content necessary for clinical practice