Contents

Blast furnace products-I..............................................................................1

Blast furnace gas cleaning and utilization...................................................1
12.0 Introduction:........................................................................................1
12.1. Uptakes, downcomer and Bleeder:.....................................................2
12.2. Dust Catcher:.....................................................................................2
12.3. Semi-Fine or Primary Cleaning:..........................................................2
12.3.1. Scrubbers or spray towers...........................................................2
12.3.2 Ventury Washers...........................................................................3
12.4 Fine or Secondary Cleaning:................................................................3
12.5 Utilization of Blast Furnace Gas:..........................................................3
12.6 Hot Blast Stoves:.................................................................................4

Blast furnace products-I

Blast furnace gas cleaning and utilization
12.0 Introduction:
In modern BF gas which are produced have significant amount of CO. which
is used for reduction of iron oxide.
It varies from 20-30% by volume.

 It has calorific value 900Kcal/m3.

Amount of gases generated depends upon coke used.
One ton coke generate 4000m3 of effluent gases. Hence for 1000 ton of coke
used, it produce 4000 Km3 of gases.
Gases which generate are not directly used in other operations. Before using
it, gases are cleaned.
Cleaning is carried out in three stages
Coarse cleaning
Semi-fine cleaning
Fine cleaning
Size of dust particles 6mm down to few microns.

12.1. Uptakes, downcomer and Bleeder:

Gases are carried out from the furnace through four big pipes which are
uptakes. These pipes join together and form one pipe which is known as
downcomer. It carries gas to dust catcher.
To avoid explosion in furnace due to high pressure, there is an automatic
valve. Which open and close to release pressure, this is bleeder.
Uptakes are at such position which are not straight vertically upward to
metal notch, slag notch and blast main entrance.

12.2. Dust Catcher:

BF gas is laid down to dust catcher.
Coarse particles are removed here.
Particles are removed by their velocity. If velocity is reduced to zero dust
particles will settle down. And this can be obtain by reversing velocity of
gas coming downward.

12.3. Semi-Fine or Primary Cleaning:

From dust catcher gases are sent to primary cleaning unit.
o Scrubber or spray tower.
o Ventury washer
o Revolving spray-tower
o Feld washer
o Spray fans

 Out of these only scrubbers are Ventury washer are used now a days.
12.3.1. Scrubbers or spray towers
Consist of vertical tower with conical bottom and top. Gases are enter from
point near bottom. And eject from center outlet pipe.
Water is sprayed with one or two showers to cover entire cross section.
Inside cylindrical shell there is series of wooden blocks which breaks series
of gas and convert it into small jets. Results intimate contact of water and
gas.
The dust contained in gas stick to wooden block and washed by water.
Gas is enter at angle of 50. Its velocity considerably reduced. Scrubbers not
only reduced speed but also cools down to 30-35C.
4-4.5 litter water is required for one cubic meter of gas.
80% dust is removed by this method.
Water is recirculated.
12.3.2 Ventury Washers
Gases are injected from top and ejected from bottom. Two sets of water
spray are used. One is at right angle and second at obtuse angle 110-120o.
Lined with abrasion resistant materials.
Cooling system and water separator is employed to cool down gas and
separate water.

12.4 Fine or Secondary Cleaning:

Wet

12.5 Utilization of Blast Furnace Gas:

BF gases were also used for generating electricity. But the modern practice
of utilization of BF gases if
o Preheating the blast for the blast furnace through stoves.
o Firing of reheating furnace, in an integral steel plant.
o Firing of an open hearth furnace
Nearly 20-25% of total BF gas is used for preheating the gas, in modern
blast furnace.
After cleaning, gas is stored in gas holder.

12.6 Hot Blast Stoves:

http://books.google.com.pk/books?
id=zu88AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA24&lpg=PA24&dq=charge+calculation+of+blas
t+furnace&source=bl&ots=bTNNTAhi7&sig=1niRJcJXsH_s0JZ9eNdl7epGmbM&hl=en&sa=X&ei=szBwUZLS
J4LKrAezrICIAQ&ved=0CDsQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=charge
%20calculation%20of%20blast%20furnace&f=false
http://books.google.com.pk/books?id=IcT6tg1uz4C&pg=PA170&lpg=PA170&dq=hoganas+sponge+iron+process&so
urce=bl&ots=ei37MILmiJ&sig=IABqbi3bcY_IODeyUSj2j7W1lVk&hl=en&sa
=X&ei=DSGOUY6LIerC7Abg84HwBQ&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&
q&f=false