EN - 1999!1!3 Eurocode 9-Design of Aluminium Structures-Part 1-3-Structures Susceptible To Fatigue

BRITISH STANDARD Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures | Part 1-3: Structures susceptible to | fatigue The Bar Standaed EN 19081-92007 has the statusof a == Dw British StandardsBS EN 1999-1-3:2007 a National foreword “This British Standard ithe UK implementations EN 19991-22007 t ‘Mperacdes DD ENV 1098-.2000 which ie withdroen, Detail of superseded iidch Standars are gives im the able below. ‘The structural Buroondes are divided into packugt by grouping Burooies for tach ofthe main sngornlr eonorete tel. comprsite concrete and ste, Stor: senconry sn stm thet abe come date of ‘eithdrawat cDOW) for ll he relevant part that are meade Tor «particular {esign The confeing national standate wilbewideaten a the end of the {oonstence period, after all the EN Burocodes of package are availabe Following publication of the EN, ther is period allowed for national libration during which the National Angel keued followed by a farther ‘Slewstence period oft maximum these years, Diring the coexistence perica {ember States wil be enoouraged to adapt their ational provisions to tnithdraw onfcting national ules before the end af the cexstence pei in March 2bt0.Atsho idol ths coexistence pri, the national standard) wil tewithdeawen Te the UK. the following national standards are saperseded by the Barone 9 vies, These standards wil be mithdrwwn ons date tobe announce. [Burocode —~=S”S™S™S*iSuperseded rich Standards | EN TORT - BSRTISZI0OT - DD ENY 10--1:2000 BS s1184:1004 (partin) [ENTS] BV 199-1 22000 [EN osm TDD ENV T005-2.2000 ————] BS S11E-11901 (partnn ENTOORT "HS RITE 1 TOOT (paral (ENTows Noe ‘The UK participation in is preparation was ents by Technical Committee 11525, Boiling and cil engineering strutures to Subcommittee B20, Structural uae of lumina | ist of organizations represented on this committee canbe obtained on ‘Where a normative past of thin BN allows fo a doi tobe made at the ‘anal evel the ange and posable choice wlke given the normative text, {nda ute wl quart an Nationally Determined Parameter (NDP). NDPs ‘in bo spectficvalu fra factor 1 speci level orclac, «particular method Sra porunalar applica rule if=tveral tre prpased inthe ‘Toenable BN 1990-19 tobe wed in the UK, Use NDP wil be published in National Annex, whch wil be made available by BS in due cours, ater public enautaton has eke place ‘his publication does ase purpoet to incnde all the nacessr fontene, Users are responsible forts coeet npaiction, Drovisions fe ‘Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from Tegal obligations. Amendments issued since publication eee Amd No [Date [GommentaEUROPEAN STANDARD EN 1999-1-3 NORME EUROPEENNE. EUROPAISCHE NORM May 2007 1es91.01000; 91.0810 Superoae NY 109021008 Engl Version| Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures - Part 1-3: Structures susceptible to fatigue et partes ae pio cay who CENCENELEC am Ragan wi wp he con ig he Epson Seite settle poe sanguin ar wh as ee ic rons Engh, Fete. Gama). ocr ay ate i. a yarn targny etna rsa Lat inion, Mods Neharans Rey Pons Po CEN. Aid atm ay my ss a 80 92007.EN 1990-1-3:2007 (€) Contents Page Foreword. 1 412 13 ta 43 151 16 7 tra 412 2a Bhs 21 222 223 23 231 232 238 2a 54 Sha 513 52 524 522 523 524 334 322 333 saa 3a Bay 542 55 58 Genera Scope ne Scope of EN 1999... Scope of EM 19981-3 Normative reerences ‘Assumptions: Diatinction betwesn principles and aplication Yulossson- “Terms and definitions en General ational Symbol Spocitcalion for execution, Execution speciation Operation manus Inepection and mainienance mana. Basie of design General Baste requirements. duos for fatigue design : ite do Damage tolerant design. Design assisted by testing ~ Fatigue loading ‘Souroes of fatigue loading. Derivation of atlgue loading Equivalent fatigue leading Perl factors for fatigue load. Materials, constituent products and connecting devices. Durabiiy Structural analysis. Global analysis. ‘Types ot stresses. Generale nnese on Nomina sressea.s oo Modified nominal sivess Derivation of nominal sites nn Derivation of modified nominal stresses Derivation of Rot spot stress28..0. Stress oven ‘Sirens rangos for speci ination sites wn Parent materia welds, and mechanical fasioned ins Fillt and partial penetration butt welds vn m ‘Adhesive bonds Castings57 381 382 61 eis 2 821 622 629 624 63 631 632 633, ea 635 636 ea 65 ay Ata a12 ma aa rey aaa 22 23 aa aay 432 ‘Annex ey 82 B21 B22 83 ea BS Bs Annes: ey c2 62a C22 23 ca cay 632 a3 ea can esa S88 spect nn Design value a sress range Fatigue resistance and detail categories. Dota categories. Generst Factors afccting otal category. Fatigue strongth data Classiied consirvctional desis Unclassified deta ‘Adhesively bonded joints Determination ofthe reterence hotspot strength Valves Eft of moan stress. - Gener Plain material and mechanically fasioned joins Wilded joints. Adhesive jini. Low endurance rango ‘yc counting for Ratio eaitiaions Effect of exposure conditions. Improvement echiqu ‘A {normative}: Basis for calculation of fatigue resst2M08 ‘General Intluenes of fatigue on design Mockanism of fiir, Potential sites or fatigue cracking. onan for aie suscepti Sate ite desig. Prerequisites for yee counting, : Derivation of stress specu. ‘Damage tolerant design... Prorequlstes for damage tiara desig Determination of inspection strategy for damage olorant desir 8 {informative}: Guidance on assessment o erack growth by fracture mechanics. 45 Scope. Crack growin relationship... Crack growth data A and ‘Geometry funetion yon. Integration of crack growth ‘Assessment of maximum erack size & informative]: Testing fr ttique e819 Pvc ‘Gonoral Derivation a ation loading data Fixed structures subject to mechani Fired structures subject to actions due io exposure condlions Moving Structures Derivation of stress data Component ost dat Structre test data, Vertcation of stress mm Derivation of endurance dat, Component testing. Full eatetostngEN 1999-1-3:2007 (E) 643 Acceptance n. 65" Crack growin data. 65 Reporting Annex 0 finformative}: Stress analysis. 1.1 Use of inte elements for taugue analysis: B.1 Element types. :2 Further gu D2 Stross 33 Eimtavon ot taigue induced by repealed toca bucking, Annex E(informative}: Adhesivaly bonded jn. — Annex F{informativel: Low cycle fatigue rang Fa ntroduetion nn £2 Moditation to Ba-W curves. Fa er 2 621 622 623 Annex Ht informative: Fatigue strength improvement of welds. HY Generate H2 Machining or grinding H3__ Dressing by TG or plasma. Ha Annex 2 Fatigue sivength data 121 Plain castings 122 Welded mater 123 Mechanical joined castings 128 Rahesively bonded castings 13" Quality requirements... Annex J {informative}: Deal category tables 1 General [Annes K Informative]: Hotspot reference deal method... BiotographyEN 1999-1-3:2007 (E) Foreword his document (EN 1988+1-82007) has boon propared by Techical Commitee CENT 20 “Structural Eurocodes" he socrotarat a wich 's ald by BS! ‘This Euopean Standard shal be given the stus ofa nana! star, ete by publication ofan ential text or by endorsoment at he atest by November 2007, and contacting national stand hal be whan atte lates by March 2010, This European Standard supersedes ENV 1999-2 1008, According o Ne CENIGENELEC internal Roguatons, the nation standards organizations ofthe flowing ‘counties ar bound io mplamant ths European Standard ‘Aust, Belglum, Bugatia, Cyprus. Gzach Repub, Danmark, Estonia, Fland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, lestnd, roland, Yl, Lava, Ltwani, Lixembur, Malin Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal Fomana, Straka, Siovena, Spain, Saedea, Sitzorland andthe Unted Kingdon, Background to the Eurocode programme In 1875, the Commission of the European Communiy decided en an acton programme in te Feld of Constucon. basod an arcle 95 af the Trealy ‘Tho cbecive of he programme was the slinaton of ‘octal abstactes to ade and tho harmoniaton of echnical specter nin tis action programme, the Commision took the native to estab a at of harmonised ternal ‘es forthe dsigh of consvacton wevks, which na fret stage wou serve ae en arnave to he nana flee i force m the Mombor Sato an, vitmatey, woud replace then, For teen years, the Comission. wth the help of a Sleerng Conmitoe wih Raprasentabves of Member Sates, conducted the eavelopment ot the Eurocodee programma, whch lx fo the est gonerason el Eropoan cados n he 1980s In 1988, te Commission and the Member States of the EU and EFTA decded, on the basis of an agreoment?) betwaon tho Commission and CEN, to transfer the preparation and the publication of the Exrocodes tote GEN tough a soos of Mandatos.n order o prove them wth a tur tatu of European Standard (EN). This links eo face the Eurocodes wth Ihe proven ofa he Councs Brectves andor ‘Commisios Decisions deaing wih European slardarde (eg. the Coun! Dreciwe €0/108EEC on constucion products = CPO ~ and Gouncl Drectwes S9'97EEG 92S0/EEC and 89-4'EEC on puble ‘works and sorvoos and equivalent EFTA Drectvesinatd mn pursuit etng up the nel maka ‘The Structural Euocode programme comprises th flowing standards gneraly consisting of 8 numbar at Pans: EN 1900 Eurocode 0: Base of suction EN 1901 Eurozode 1: Actors on stuctros EN 1992 Evrosode 2: Design of concrete avuctres EN 1985 Ewocode 3: Design of stool structures 3 tamara pa Carino he conn Commi he Eun Carn fe Santen (0EN 1999-1-9:2007 (E) EN 1904 Exrocode 4: Desig of composi soo and concrete structures EN 1995 Euracede 5: Desig of timber stucures EN 1996 Eurocode 6: Dosign of masonry structures EN 1997 Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design EN 1990 Curacade 0: Design of srcturos for carthquaka rosctance EN 1999 Eurocode 9: Dasign of sluminiom structures Exrocode standards recognise the raspansbity of regulatory authors in each Member Sista and nave {nfoguavded Ther ght to Getormme values related to regulatory safely mals at nator lovel where tase onanue fo vary rom Site to Stat. ‘Status and feld of application of Eurocodes “Tne Member States ofthe EU and EFTA recognise that Evocodes serve a8 refrence documents forthe tolowng purposes —s.a means to prove compliance of buling and evil enginsring works with the essential requirements GF Gounet Drostwe BarTOGEEG, parulary Essential Reqaomernt N= Mochanical resslance and Stablty and Essonoal Requroront W'2- Saety incase of re — as apes or spacing contrat or constuction works and lated engnering services — as.a framework for dawing up harmonise technical speciteatons for constuction product (ENS and Eras) “Te Eurocodes, asta a thay concer the constuton work thmssivos, havea det relaionship wth he Intepreteive Documents! relored o in Aa 12 of he CPD, although thay are ot a dilerent rate tm harmonsod product standard” Threloe, technical aspects asing Tom ne Euocodes work need to be ‘dequstaly Gonsderod by CEN Tachneal Commiteos andr EOTA Workng Groupe working on product ‘Sadar wih s view fo aching a ll ompatbiy of these focal specications wih the Euroeades “The Eurocode standards provide common ucla design rules for overytay use for the design of woke ‘Hntures and component products of bot a adional snd an mrovave nature, Unusual forms ot onstucton or design condone are not spestcaly covered and additonal exper coniration wil be ‘equied by te designer n such cases, «ge cnc ome cea ptmarsyhamenaeg he emia antec tae ad ay a Ghia posoaca niet oer eo Fuca delat, poy imi binihata tie CR zat ER?EN 1999-1-3:2007 (€) National Standards implementing Eurocodes The Nationa! Standards implementing Eurocades wit comprise the ful tot ofthe Eurocode (noting any annexes), a8 publsed by CEN, which may be proceed by a Natal ta page and Natana! foreword and ‘may be ttowed by 2 Nabona Annex formate) ‘The National Annex (ntrmatve) may ony contin ntrmaten on tase parameters which ae et open inthe Eurecode for national choice, known as Nalionaly Detormined Paramors o bo used for Ie Gein binge ana ch engineerin moe obo sanctus inthe aunty cotesrsss Le Values for part factors andireiassos where akarnaves ae givn inthe Eurocode) — valves obo used where asym! onli ivan inthe Eurocode — geonraphical an ciate data specse othe Member State, 9 snow map; — the proceso to be used whore alomative procedures are give inthe Eurocode; — ‘elrences to non convasctrycompemnonary information oasis he user to apply the Ewozode, Links between Eurocodes and product harmonised technizal specifications (ENs and ETAs) ‘hore is a need for consistency betwoon the harmonised echnical specfestons for construction products and the tectneal rls fr wors'! .Furtermore ath infommatin accompanying be GE Marking ate onstuston products which refer to Ewcodes. should clearly mention whch’ Natonaly Determined Parameters have been takon no acount ‘Additional information specific to EN 1999-1-3 EN 1999 I intondod to ba used wth Euracodes EN 1990 - Base of Stuctral Design, EN 198% — Aetons on sirvtues and EN 1992 fo EN 1998, whore aluminium sticires or aumanium compongnts aro relerted EN 1990419 one of Two parts EN 1999-1-1 to EN 1999-18 each adcessing specie auminim Components, lint states or ype astute. EN 1090-1-3 dazorbes he princes. requvemants ales fat the Sructural design of aluminium components and srciues subjocod fo fatue stone, Numi! values for paral factors and chor relabilty parameters ae recommended as basi values that provse an accepabl vel of relabiy. They have beon selected assuming thal an spproprae lave ct ‘workmanship and quaity management appl. [National Annex for EN 1999-1-3, This standard gies atrnatve procedures, valves and recommendations for caseas with NOTES indiating hore national choices may have tobe made. Theralore tho Natonal Standard implementing EN 1999-17) should have a National Annex conlawng ll Natenaly Determined Parametrs tobe vse forthe design of ‘uminiom sryctures to ba consteted nto relovant cowry.EN 1999-1-3:2007 (E) National choice is alowed in EN 1999-3 through clauses: = 210 — 2210) = 2510) — 2320 — 2ain 30) — 40 — saith — sean) — 6130) = 62.2 — 9210 — sara — szain = asta —e6) =e — 12200 — 2320 = 12400,EN 10999-1-3:2007 (E) 1 General 1.4 Scope 3A Scope of EN 1999 (2) B EN 2000 soils athe design of buiings and cul engineering ad ster! wore in sluminu complies with tha principles and requirements fo the salty and sorncoabty of structures, the bass Iho Gosign and voiheaton that ae gvea in EN 1990 - Base of tural design. (2) EN 1999 i ony concernad with urements for resistance, senceabily,duabity and fa resistance Aluminium structures. Otter requraments 9. concern theral er sound Isla, are not considered. (3) EN 1990s irtanded to be uso in conjunction with EN 1900 aass of sructural desian EN 1991 Actions on stuctues — European Standards for construction products olovant fo lumina sructres — EN 1090-1: Exaouton of structural componerts® | Sueur and aluminum sities - Pant: Conformity assessment of — EW 1090.3: Execution of sae! stuctures and aluminium stucties ~ Par Techn! requirements for sluminum stucures! (4) EN 19995 subsided in ve pats: EN 1996-1 Dosign of Aluminium Structures: General srtral es £91 1998-1-2 Dosign of Aluminum Structures: Stuur! ee design EN 1990-1 Design o Aluminium Stoctuos: Sructres susceptible tabgue EN 1999-14 Design of Aluminum Structures: Colored stuctral sheeting EN 1990-15 Design of Aluminium Stuctaes: Shel structures 1.12 Scope of EN 1999-13 (1) EN 1999-13 gives the basis forthe design of aluminum alloy stuctres wih respec tote ii state of Tracture induced by tatu. (2) EN 1990-9 gives rus for = Sateite design — damage tran design; — design asisiod by testingEN 1999-1-3:2007 (E) tenth cs ah te te egret he nse Semel dung racaonot compare tn arses (3) 418869 doos nl cover prestused containment vessel of poe (5) Te folowing seis are deat win in EN 1999-13: Secon: Bass of Sesion Scion 8: Matera, consent roses and conecing doves Secton 4: Oubity ‘section 5: Stwetual ysis Section 6: Uta imi stato fatgue ‘Annex A: Basi for alulaton of fatguorsistance [normative] ‘Annex 8: Guidance on assessment by tracture mechanics formative) ‘Annex G: Testing fr fatigue design fnformadve] ‘Annex D: stress analy rtoative) ‘Aswex Es Adesively bonded joints ftormativo} Annex Fi Low eel fatigue range [eformatve} Annex G: tence of Fai fiformative] ‘Annex H: Fatigue srangth improvement of welds [normative ‘annex: Casting normative) Annex J: Oat etagory taba formative] ‘AnnoxK> Hot seat rlerancedetaiimetnodftoematie) Bsgraphy 41.2 Normative references (1) Te normative rotorences of EN 1990-11 app. 1.3 Assumptions (0) The genera asumptons of EN 1990, 1 apa. (2)P The provisions of EN 1909-11, 1.8 appl (a) P The design procedures ae valid oly when the fequrements fer executon in EN 1080-9 or other buat requremonts are compiod wihEN 1999-1-3:2007 (E) 1.4 Distinction between principles and application rules (0) P Theale in EN 1990, 1.4 apy. 1.5 Terms and definitions 154 General (1) Te resin EN 1990, 15 app 1.52 Adaltional terms used in EN 1990-13, (1) For the purpose of his European Standard the folowing terms ax defntons in ation to those fined InN 1900 and EN 1290-1 apy 1524 tague weston of structural pa, ough rack intaton and propagticn caused by repeated ses tuations 1522 fatigue aging ‘et pial load events described bythe pastors or movements actions, the variation a nerity and thal requency and sequence of occurence 1529 loading event a dolinod load soquence appli othe structure, which, or design puposes is assumed to repent ata ven Trequorey 1524 prominl stress {toss in the paront mater! asacent toa potential eck cain, calculated in accordance wh simple ‘ast siengin of mates thoory, 10. assuming tar plane sacions oman plano and thal al oss Concent aoc are ignored 1525 ‘modied nomina stress Domina sess inreasod by an appropriate geometical sss concotvaton factor Ke. 10 allow ony for {geomet changes ut rose sesion whi have Pot been fakon ino seeaunt inthe classtcshon ofa pacar onatctona tai 1526 geometric stress Also known as srucral stoss, is the caste sass at poll, taking info account all gaometical os | ow + | ta | 2 2 {ou 10 3. Materials, constituent products and connecting devices (0) The design rules of EN 1999-13 apply to constituent products In components ane structures 2 std io {gga-t-:08:2008 wth tha exception athe low svenatnalys EN AW 3003, EN AW-3103, EN AW-5005, 2 /AW8071Ain al tempers, and EN AW. 6060 in temper TS. (2) EN 199919 covers components wth open and hallow sections, incising members bull up Kom ‘Combinations a hese products (GEN 1990-19 covers components and rctures with he flowing connecting devcos: — Arc woiding (metalic gas and tungsten inet ga) — see! ots stein EN 1990-11, Table 3.4 (4) Forthefatgue design ana vericaon of tel bots n tanion and shear 30 EN 1903-19, Table 8.1EN 1999-1-3:2007 (E) 4 Durability (3) Fatigue stengh data given in EN 1999-18 are applicable under normal atmospheric conons up to {ampartres of 100 °C. However in the caso of ally EN AWSOSD, af tomperatree of ore than 69S Taio srongt data in EN 1999-1'3 do not aply uress an ficient corasion preventing coatings provided. (2) Fasque srongth deta may not be appicable under ai conditions of aggressive exposure. Guidance on Iatrais and oaposure contre e gen 2 amd Oa NOTE mento Anns timo on iy BA Elo anv cording, (3) For adhesvaly bonded ons special envronmestalcontion and atc may have tobe consiered, aEN 1999-1-3:2007 (€) Structural analysis 5.1 Global analysis 54.1 General (1) The method of analyse should ha satin anne to rma an accurate oadcion ofthe casi 05s fesponse ot te sre to te spoctiod fatigue acon, So thal the maximum and minimum stess peaks the sess tory are delermined, soa Figure 5 Ir ot cea be iu atm seer “ 4) Constant amplitude ) Varisle ampitnde 1 =atesspoak 2 stess valey; 3~ stress cyl: 0 ~ stress uring point ona Maxim sss nn Minimum sree: om: mean sve Ar: ses ange: a stess amplitude(2) Dynami ofocts shows bo incudod in the calculation ofthe shoss Nistor, except where an equivalent action bang applied whch already allows for auch at, (3) ¥nere the ease esponse is tected by he dares of damping tn should bo dotrmined by tes. (4) No plaste redsinbuton of orces botwoan members should be assumed in static indeterminate (5) The stoning ft of any other materia which ae permanenty fie0 to te aluminum suctre should be taken ito account in to ote anase (6) Models or otal analysis of stately indeterminate situs zn latices frames with id or 3 id Jos (ag. fnte element models) should bo based on elatic mata Behaviour except wher stan ata have been obtained rom proteypo stucues a ascuratelysalog physical model wore atom moo ss wos re is ts i moa SSSI copie oman curse manana 54.2. Use of beam elements {3} Beam elements shouldbe applicable to tho global analysis of beam, Hamed or lticed structures subject ‘2the ietaone in (20 (7) Blom (2) Beam elements shuld not be used er he laigue analysis of stifened plate structures of at or shol type ‘moms co castor Tage members unos of sme premat am, (9) The axl, bending, shear and torsional section stfness properties of the Beam elements should be Eatculated in accordance with nea laste oory assuming plane sectors remain lane. However warping | tho cose secton de to lrsion shoul be consiered, (4) Whete beam elements are used in sirucures wih open secten mombers of holow section members ‘rone to warping, whien are subjected fo torsional forces, the wlomerta should have a mien o 7 dogrees ‘treecom eluding warping. Allemalvely, shell eloments should bused To model ross socio, (6) Te section properties for he beam slamensadacent 1 member itorsectons shoud ake ito account the increased stfinees cue To the sa ot tho rt fogion and tho greeence of addtonal components (9 gussat, splice plates, et) (6) The sitinss pecpertes of beam elements used to model jolt rogions at angled inersectine between pen or low mombers where tna rast -sctone 30 ot card fly trough the Jon (e.g, unsiftoned tUodar odes, "or where the constucional deta‘ semi 2g, bolod end pate or ania cleat ‘connections, shout be assessed aor using hel elements o by connecng the elements vis pings, The Springs showa possess suiflont sbifoss Tor each yee of eadom nd ther sttness should b> > nnn _ es pe se] if and Hy are frcos por unit nah Figure 5:3 —Stresses in weld throats {2) In tapped joins in one plane the toss per unt longi of weld may be caleulated onthe bass of the _yerage area fo asia forest and an easte polar modulus of ba wold group or m-plane moments (568 Figue 85). /[2SSao. caeramgytommec mineEN 1990-1-3:2007 (€) T THT i | LAR a) i rh t l f 2 ; THT f ° | 1 et wl 2—Iapped ara Sressdenibulon ve Stes dnton due o Sohmartoca® sromoct ere Figure 5.4 —Stresses in lapped joints 155 Adhesive bonds (1) Fatigue assessment shou inca aur sutace trough the bond plane 5.6 Castings (1 The principal ometc sess shoul be used. Fito sess analysis or tain gauging inthe case of ‘complex shapes may be required standard solitons. ol vada 5.7 Stress spectra (3) The metnods or cyte counting of stress ranges forthe purpo of dering sass spectra ave given in dane, 5.8 Calculation of equivalent stress range for standardised fatigue load models 5.81 Generat (1) The fatiguo assessment for standardized fague loads ae spaiied in EN 1991 shouldbe cared out ‘ovorng one of te folowing aporoaches 8) Nomina sss ranges for constuctona detals shown inthe doi category information 2) modi rominalsross ranges where abiupt changes of sacon occu lose to te iiaton site which rr ncuded inthe constructional deta ntormaton )_ geomet stress ranges where high stress gradens occur cose toa wold to, (2) The design valve of srossrango to be used for te fatigue assessment should be the stess ranges ‘ra omesponding to Ne = 2x1" eyesEN 1990-1-9:2007 (E) 582. Design value of stress range (1) The cesign valve of nominal sess ranges ce» shouldbe determined follows: made 2 =A xX Ad BOUT) for nominal sess en mmdeie =Kyrmdoes {ocmostied nnina sess 62) |sat7nQ,) isthe tess range caused by the tague lads speciod in EN 1991 4 ‘aro the damage equivalent factors depending on the speca a speciiad inthe relevant partof EN 1991 K, isthe stress concentration factor o lake aecount of the oc stress magnification in relation to dota geometry not included inthe relornce Act-N une, see aso 53.2.1,EN 1999-1.2:2007 (€) 6 Fatigue resistance and detail categories (2) The. writin of adnqunta igus rsistanca ie hased on the rosittance values of & number ot Standardised deta categories. A dota catogry may comprise ore or more iequenly used and casiiod onstuctonal dela. The doi catogores shou be defined by tho veleranee fatigue stengin and the onesponding value fo the versa slope ofthe main part ofthe iearead Ba. relatonsnp, and shod ‘comply wi te prowsions in 82. 6.12. Factors atlecting deal category (1) Te fatigue srengt oa canstucional deta shoul take no accaun the oloning factors 8) The drocton of he utuating srs relative tothe constuction! deta 'b) the locaton af te inating crak nthe constuctona dtl ©) the geome! arrangement and relative propetan ofthe constuction eat (21 The fatigue strength depends onthe folowing: a) The product orm: b) tho mater (unless welded); the mand of execution 9) the quaty love in the case of walds are castings) (9) the typeof connection. 613. Constructional details (1) Constructions deals may be cided ito the flowing the mai group: 4), Plain members, welded members and bated jens )_schesivaly bonded joints: ©) casings. ‘oye et NOTE? Tehaonl Arms sm crenata wnh a oe oy ae NOTES Forputenaancacngs. £0 Ae aEN 1999-1-9:2007 (E) 6.2 Fatigue strength data 621 Classtiod constructional deta (1) Tre generalised form ofthe Bo-N relatership shown in Figure 6.1, pied on logs scales. The {atguesbongin cove i epresanadby tne msan ine minis 2 saridaré dovin rom the expormertal da. (2) Tho fatigue design rlatonship tor endurancas in the range between 10" » 5x10" cys is dain by tho ‘Squat w=aeot[ on 39; Tahu) where Nish pected number of esis to fare ofa sess ange do ‘haz the lerence value of atigue stongih at 2x 10" eyes, dapendng onthe deta catagory, whore Sandavded valine av gen in Taso 61 ‘a0; l2tha sess range or the pncipal stesses athe consructonal ata ands constant oracles ™ ‘she inverse slope a he so-N cure, doponding onthe detalestogry 11 _lethe pata actor lowing fr uncertain in the leaing specrumand anys of response: ‘ine paral factor for uncertain in mati and execution. “Toble 6.1 —Standardizod 4a, values (Nim!) (T2025. 192, 105, 96,80, 73,65, 55, 50,45, 40, 96,52 28, 5,28 00.18, 16. 18,12) |EESSzooe. emEN 10999-1-3:2007 (E) 0 0 N .2-latguo etrength cuve:b—rtorone faigue sont ‘e= constant ampliudefaigue int 6 ~cutot it Figure 6.1 —Fatiguestrongth curve lngAoogN (9) For W, under onain exposure candions, S208. (4) The fatigue design rlatonship fo endrances inthe range between 5x10" to 10" cls is defined by the suai = sxrot( 886. elQ" (er Fane z 2) (5) Te constant amit fatigua It, ay is doinod at Se10* eyes (or lal matoralagsued at 2x10" ‘jle),balow whch consta ampitide svess cys ara assum to ba nor camaging, However, oven if ‘oeasional eyes occur abovo this fv. hay wl eauso propagator whe, ae te orack extends wil cause Tow amprtude cys to became damaging Fo ths fesson fo oreo garthme slope of a base Aa-N Cuves between Se 10" en 10" eels shouldbe changed 0 mfr gersal pac scion sondons, where im Smet res ce cont m= «2m (6) Any ses cycles botow tho cut imi a, assumed a 10! cyl shoul be assumed to be ron damaging. (7) For sess ranges apoted leas than 10" vines the ressance values according to Fire 61 may be Unncassary conserva ocr consriconal deta oT ore ese te ge tae ara bo os, hi Mos ay 8[EN 1999-1-3:2007 (€) (6) In the range between 10 and 10a check should be made thatthe dsign sess range doos nt result ina Thaximom tania avece that exceeds other vlimate Im sao design resistance values for he constructional Seta, see EN 1999-11 (0) For the purpose of defning a tte range of detail catogores and to enable a deta catoary to bo increased tr dosreaad bya constant geomote oral a standard Yange of G2 value is given n Table 6.1 An werease (Gedocroaso) of deta eatagory means selecting to nox! urge (a smal) value whisteaving mand m, \Gachangoa. This doesnot app to adhosvely bonded jos (10) The deta estogoies apply tal vals of moan sess, unless ohenwse sated. (11) For tat members under bending svesses where Ao, and Go, (s00 Figse 62) ae of opposte sgn the raspectve faigue sess value for cen deta ypos may be increased by one or two dell calegnies fetoring Table 6. ort: 15am Figure 62 Fat member under bonding stresses 622 Une ¢ ied detats Dota nt tty covered by a van detail calogery shows be assessed by ference fo published data where bia, Aertel asgu acseptace ests may bo cred out 623. Adhesvely bonded joints (0) Fatigue srengna of adhesively bonded joints shouldbe based on tas data specie to the application, {aking he relevant posure condone nto account. NOTE Foren anon tect oe Aer {624 Determination of the reference hot spat strength values (1) The caleulated ht spat sizesbe8 ro dependent onthe el spot design method apple, and he design ‘ales for ta etorenes hot spt strength shoul be carota tothe dosgn procedure used, Moatsee rapt srg ae 6.3 Effect of mean stress 621 General (1) The tatguesrangn data given in deta eatogory tables rte high ence mean stress conatons. Whe ‘he mean sts i oompressve or of lw fsa vais the atquo lle may be ewhancod under earn coniton,EN 1990-1-2:2007 (E) 632 Pra materia and mechanically fastened joints (+) Prowded hat te etc of onsie residual and lack of fh esos Iatquo ensancement actor may be appi6d, re aed to te appled stresses, 629 Welded joints (0) No allowance should be mado for moan sess in weld ons except inh allowing ckcumstancos: 12) Whore tests have boon conducted which rpresont he tuo ral sate of stress (mousing residual anc lack oft stresses) inthe type ol jt and domenstate @ constant crease in Yabgue svengih wih creasing mean sts 5) whara improvement echniquos ae tobe used which have beer proven to result in resicval compressive sltesses and where the applied sess is ro of such @ magestca thal he compressive rescual sYose0s villbe reduced by yang n serve. 6.24. Adhesive joints (1) No aowance shou be made fo ofet of mean srs without ustfeation by toss, 635. Low endurance range (1) For cartain construction dots higher fatigue sronghs may be used for nagatve A vats for N< 10" yes. 635 Cycle counting fr Ratio calculations (3) The metas of obtaining tho maximum, minimum and moan ses or indica eycies n@apecrum using tho reser counting metiod shouldbe as satin Arex A. gure A2 6.4 fect of exposure conditions (0) For corain combinations of aloy and exposure condions, he dota calgary number given for 8 onstvctonl del shouldbe downgraded, The fatigue arengh dala given n es European Standard shoud ot aly caso of ambionttoparature of mare tan 85°C or otethan 30°C navn enveorment, nies {an ficient conan prevention provided Nore, [teas tm ana rn Ae ri ley ih ye md EaEN 1999-1-9:2007 (E) ‘Table 62 —Number of deta categories by which Aq, should be reduced according o exposure ‘conditions and alloy ma I aor | ese] oe aa] rae see |on| ne® ra eve rman Te] Soe Sepa] Fo] Se ae ar |e 50x Nb A o o (Py o o o Sox [oom [ape bo ber opets Gon | AIMgSi 8 o o Pi | o 2 reat |e be be ber rts Nore wns pet erase ens Se 10 Tr vay erento on na Vo Papsy marae) ean Beale nS We Wie ear we Ma 6.5 Improvement techniques (1) Matneds for mproving the fatigue stengh of certain wold constructional deta may be used. NOTE __ngronmar nomic geal eerie 6 gp 2 pee uy ene Sees. Tay be wes (fon gen! sage puns wots nat pamesery bc ihe axel poxony he sucse Nhe ce ls SOc at Toye mca wat oar easing dea secant Se ses |BSSSeeee.EN 1999-1-3:2007 (E) Annex A [normative]: Basis for calculation of fatigue resistance ‘A4 General AL Influence of fatigue on design (1)P Stuctures subjectd 1 fequenty Mucus sence loads may be susceptible ofr by fatigue and ‘Bebe checkes fora ne state, (2) Te degre of compliance withthe uate or serviceability it tata crea gen in EN 1999-1-1 should hot be used a measure ofthe ako fag faire s00 8.1 3), {91 The extent to which fatigue Is tely to govern the design should established a the concept stage of esi, To obtain suit accuracy m reacton ofthe salty again! aigue anus i necessary to 1), Make an accurate prediction af the complete service load saquence tvoughout he design Me: b)_astess to elastic response ofthe stuecture under he preted oa sufcionty accuray ©) perform constructional dela design, presente methods of matacturing and degree of quay contol [ppropriatly.Thoso issues can hove a mojorinflenes on fatigue atonal, and may ned To be ontoled more precisely than for sructues. desgnod for ath it sata or iormaton ov requirements to execston seo EN 10002 1.2 Mechanism of failure (yt should be assumes that fatigue fatue usualy inites a a highyatessed point (ue lo abrupt geomety ‘change, tensie residual sess of sharp cackske discontinuities) Paigue cracks wil extend werementaly Under te load of ey stress chango, Thay normaly remain siabio wnder constant load Fase ours the ramaining eros secon ie ineuficent ta cat the peak apo load (2) shouldbe assumed that faigue cracks propagate approximitely at right argos to the recon of "avin prea sess range. The rat of ropagaton erases exponen, For Ins reason crack ‘fonts ofen sow nto cary stages, and fatgue cracks fend tobe incarapicus or he major pat het ite This may gve risa to problams of detection in erie, ‘A. Potential sites for fatigue cracking (1) The folowing ination stes for fatigue cracks associated with specfid constuctena deta shoukd be onside 8) Toes androots of fusion wel: )- machined comers ©) punched or es hoes 8) sheared or sawn edges ©) surfaces under high contact presse (retina) 1) roots of astnertweads, a7EN 1999-1-3:2007 () (2) Fatigue cracks may also be insted at unepaci fetues, which may secu in practice. The folowing ‘Should be condor where relevant 13) Materia continuities or weld laws: b)-Netches scoring rom mechanical damage ©) Conosion pte ‘A414 Conditions for fatigue susceptibility (1) in assessing te tketnood of suscep to fatigue, te following should be taken ino seeount 1) High rao of dynamic to static oaing: Moving or iting structures, such 2 lan or sea transport vices, {rttes te ave move tly fa be prose to fatigue problems than fed srutres,uness the lle are predoriinanty earring move loade, ene case of bridges ') frequent appcations of oac: This resus ina high number of cycles nth design fe. Slender structures tr members wih low natural aquencies are prteualy pane to resorance and hence magneton of ‘Synam stesa, even when the sae design stresses are low. Stucrassubjoctod predominant to Mus {baa suchas wind and stuctures suppring machinery should bo carey checked for resonant fects ©) use of welding: Some cornmeonty used welded deta have ow fasque strength. This apps not only jos betwes mombors but also fo any atachmant oa ioaded member, whotr of not the resting ‘Sonnecbon i considered be stuctur 6) complenty of joint deta: Complas joins reqventy result in high sass eomoantations due to feat Grutons in sins of the load path. Whist tsa may often have {tle effect on the utimate static ‘apocty of the Jont they can have a severe elect on fatgue resistance. If figue Is dominant the mumbel ose sectonalchape sould be ssiacted fo ensure smoothness and simply of jan design, £0 that stesses canbe eaklated and adequate standares of fabrcaton and Inspection can be assed )under cetin thermal and chemical exposure condtons the fatigue srengty may be reduced i he ‘race of he otal Is unprotected, A2 Safe life design A2A Prerequisites for safe life design (1) The predicted sence nstory ofthe stture should be avaiable in tums of aoa Fequaney. Atematvely the svete response at all potent inttion sites shoul be ava Sires histones sequence and (2) The fatigue sronah characterises at all potenti ination stes shoule be avaabe in tems of atgue Seng caves. {@) Al potential fatgue cack ination sites which have high eres fucuatons andlor severe stes8 co ‘entatons should bo checked, (4) The quality standards used in the ranutacture ofthe components cetaining poten inaton sites Should be vonsistnt wi the constuctonal deta being used (6) Te base procesue it a8 folows (oe Figure A.) 2) Obtain an upper bound estimate of the servos load sequence forthe stactur's design Me (S86 2:3)EN 1999-13:2007 (€) 1) estimate me reauting sess history atthe potantalntaton st Beg checked (see A.28 Derivation of ‘sess spec } where nominal stesses ar being used, mosy th sass history ln any region of geometical stress oncentaion whin fs not alfeadyIncludod in the elas caapery, by apphing an sporoprats sess concentration acter (see 5.3.2 Deaton f modifies nominal tesace), 4) reduce he ses histor fo an eqalont numberof cis (nc ferent sre ranges Aa. ing x eyln ‘ountog tchniqua (99223 Dewan of sess sper} ©) rank tho ces in descending o1der of range oto form a stess-range spectrum, where = 12,9 fortes second, third bang nto spectum (c08 A2.3 Detvaton of sexs spec) 0 sien he ect tn mene th yt a ep Fe we Pe ge el tt Serta 1) ene paelcane 0 erates itg ers senna a-re a 1) calculate th sate ite T, wrens k nh a2) whore the sign feof T, has the same uns 9 Ts 1) take one or more ofthe flowing action Ts las than Ti —Revosign the structure or member to reduce the stress loves — change the constructional dealt one wih ahigher category, — use a damage erat design approach, where appropdate(2ee 3), A22 Cycle counting (1) Ce counting isa procedure for breaking down a complex srs history info a convenient spectum of ‘ycosin tome oF tess range ha, numberof ee n and i neces. rato. (2) For snot stress histories where simple action events are repeated a numberof tines, the Reservoir matod i recammende i esy 1 vauine an ancl (6 Fig A2) er ng tess Fistones nave o be used, such as those abained rom measured sas in actual sutures (s00 Arnon C) the Rafi mets recommended. Bon matads me solabe comput anaes 'A2.3 Dorivation of stress spectrum (1) The listing of cycles in descending order of sbess range ho resus in a tess specu, For ease of Calculation i may be rege to siya compen spectrum in fewer bands. A conservative method ff ‘foup bands together info argor groups cantaring ine same eal numberof eels, but whose sess range ‘ual to that ofthe ngheat band inthe group. More accwraoly, the waged average ol he bands none ‘f0up can be calelated using the power rm, where ris he inverse slope of Ye Ac curve mast ily 1 BS {hed (S00 Figue A). Tho use ofan anthmatic rasan vale il says boot consorvaive, 9EN 199941-3:2007 (€) Tr 2) System, contusinal deta XX fndigading 1) Tyical load yee (epeatedn tes in design). T= tne nw, ) Sross history at deta XX 1) Sass range specrum 22 10 son ‘1)N) = cycles to failure at stress range level : logs toN eg ne for conse 4 dots nN, 4) Damage seman, Paine nee (u) mn, Soa ie Figure A1—Fatique assessment procedureEN 1999-1-3:2007 (€) ‘Step 1. Determine sess history for Ioang event Iontitypoak B . . Step 2. Move sues history on let of peak Bo ng Stop 3. Fil “eservi wit water (Greatest dept is major eye Soa towed a 9 § Omari Repeat tat so Se a Sy ae Sire epatn tat na oon sey ” Figure A2— Reservoir cycle countirg method Ske 4. O1in at greatest doth. Find row manu depth This 6 second tages yee “EN 1999-1-3:2007 () ashe w 1 original bands; 2~ smpiiad band Oo sires range, cumultive requency (any cycle amber 2~ peak (conserve), = weighed mean (most acura), = arthmeic mean {oneonservatve) 8~rocarded specium, 7 —smpiied specu for design Figure A. ~ Simplified stress range spectrum A Damage tolerant design A2.4 Prerequisites for damage tolerant design (1) Damage eerant design shoud oni be used where ear condons fr te appliation are defined NOTE Te Nora Amer my Snes fe eof ay eign. Toe conn itn 2) 8) we Soll mr esr end contra on amor Pow byte pxaaee nA eho be sari mgecton anya maxenn fami ac in er soon 4 Temmtarance mar sho ey eiuoste iin 17 trechoaeton, 'A3.2 Determination of inspection strategy for damage tolerant design (1) At each potrtl nation ste whare the eae fe Ts ess than the design MoT. the inspection ite T; Should be caculated (2) The maintenance manual sould specify thal te fst inspection of each teil ination se shoul ake piuoe blor the safe e has apes (@) Tre maintenance manual should spec that subsequent inspections shold ake place at epuar neva nore 108% (aayEN 1999-1-3:2007 (E) Whore; isthe calculated time fora cack, having intted at he sito boing assessed, to grow fom a detectable surface ong to actu eta tng (see igure A} NOTE Tanunda sone lth nck tol ko cnsan hs ably, ean Hay ‘rice tian mamas ops Unest os ing nstaen in Sestarehtsoer eng ane eae ‘ia womsiy acute 6 etna ie o adobe attan esr ae Tah ee ‘in lngh seat npacce (4 Winer any ober permanent structural or non-structural part preven ful acces othe cack, the obscured length of eck should be added tothe appropiate value n Table At to deve the valve of fr eacuation| purposes. (5) Ymere neay consractonal ckness is used and where the lsiation ste i on an iacaesabe sutace, (eg. be ret of 2 snglo eded but wold i 3 tubuar member) tmay be aproprate fo plan an inspection Sategy based onthe use of ulvasonic tengo detect and measute cracks before thay reach he accesibo Surface Such astrategy should nat be undertaken without por estrg and evauaon| qt ~ tact etic! eng b~ assumed minimum detectable length © actual growth curv; d- assumed fastest gromn cave, see Rnnex B for usper boundary, i~Inspecion number, T,—Inspecton ints, Ta~ "meter o detecabie crack length Te nla for erackgrouth rom detectable cack length to ite Gack eat Figure AA — Inspection strategy for damage tolerant design ‘Teblo A.1.—Recommended safe values of detoctable surface crack length lin mm. ‘race econ Metnedofinspection | Pisinamai Roum surface, | Sharp come, surface Waldeap | Weldon Visual wan magniyng ad | 20 2 0 Uquidpenevarttesing | 0 5 NOTE Thesbove ies aun co ua ond gh nano ata cs esEN 1999-4-3:2007 (E) (6) The value of should be such hat the net ston, taking into account he ikalyshapo ofthe crack role frraugh the thickness, shoud be bla to susan the maximum sae tne freas unde the acoved loa, alate in actordarce wah EN 1909-14, wihout unstable rack propagate. (7) 7 shoud be estimated by means of caleaton andr by les, assuring factored load (668 2.) a 1) The calculation method should be based on facture machanie pringplas (se Annex 8). An veper {ound dened ge mean pus two standard Gevstons, cack growth relationship should be sned [Rtomstvety specie race outh data may be abled fom standard est speomens using the smo ‘material a5 in te crack propagation path. In which caso the rack gow flo shouldbe factored ‘ecotdance wi he tate test fatrP (soe Tae C.1) 1) where cack grouth ss obtaned fom stucival or component Leste sulting the covect materials, (eomety and method of manufactur the Telavant appted force patam should Be apples io tho tes Specimen (soe Annex C) ©). the enc rout rate recorded between the cack lengths lj ad shou be factored bythe fatigue ost {acter F soe Table"). (@) The maintenance maria should specie ators to be taken in he event of dscovary ofa fatigue cack ‘Suing regular manonanesinspecton, 3 flows 12) tthe measured crack length less than no rem action noes be ake: ) ste measured crack length Is equal a exceeds iy the component should be assessed on a finess- {er-purpose basis wth @ vow to etermining how tong the stivcture ray safely be allowed 10 operate ‘wthout reefeaton of replacement. In ine event of caninuation of opefaten corsderaten shoul be ‘ven o increasing the equancy of inspacton athe locaton n question ©) ifthe measured crack length exceeds ithe structure shouldbe immed taken out of svcEN 1999-1-3:2007 (E) Annex B [informative]: Guidance on assessment of crack growth by fracture mechanics Bt Scope (1) The objective of bis annex is to provide information on the use of rature mechanics for assessing the ‘out of faiqu cracks om sharp planar scones. Main uses are Inte assessment of — Kron favs (ducing fatigue cracks found in serve) assured aw (inusing consideration of the origina int or NET detection ft}: tolerance to flaws (Including fess fr pupose assessment fabrication flaws for parcuar service requirement) (2) The metros covers fatigue cack growth normal othe dkecton ol princi tanta tess (Mod 1). B2 Principles 8.21 Flaw dimensions (1) Fatigue propagation s assumes to stat tom a pre-escing planer flaw wih a shar crack ont orientated oral othe decion 2 pra ene stassrange Ao at ha pot. (2) The dimensions of he pre-existing fas are shown in Figue 8." depending on wheter they ave surface breaking er ly embedded win te mati 9) Surface braking fiw Pipe artes 2 aw Figure 8.1 —Pre-exeting plana aw 4sEN 1999-1.3:2007 (€) 18.2.2 Crack growth relationship (4) Under he action of excises range da the crack ont wi move int he matt according othe crack [popassiton ante reckon ofthe at of propagation sven by acy alsa! 8 Baslsoar®y!” en A sthe fatigue crack growth rate (FEGR) material constant ms thecrack growth rate exponent 1 Isthe crack geometry factor depending on the e-ack shape, ovenlaton and suriace boundary NTE runt oot inayat Kee RP ef 0k gat Ym) Daa hn ede ony torment (2) This can be reweitan inthe orm asm op (82) here. Kis the sites intone range and equals Ao ay. (9) Ater he application of NV eyes of stress range Ao ie crack wil gow fem dimension a to mension fecoring ote folowing nga: te de es) pan® (4) Fartna goneral case A, AK and m are dependent ona B.3 Crack growth data A and m (1) A and m are obtained fom crack gravth measurements on standard notched specimens ornate in the 1120p St droston eg ane Figure 8.2) ving standardised tos methods. The specimen design should be ‘ne fr an acura sess italy facor{) solsion (2. he rlabonsip between applied ction and ‘racks '#) 8 aaa,EN 199941-3:2007 (E) +005 nse we a » Ol] 5] Ee 20.05 w ts 200900 ‘hale ameter: 2 mouth oponing displacement: 3 increment: 4 fais pre-crack Recommendod thickness w/20:sb WAAR=03 se-07 6005 ex 6005 Exe 16-08; 26082 LT Ex <= 6082 LT Ro 1€-09) a 5454LT RO ~o Stee TLR - = ro20 it Ro ad =8= 7020 TL Ro ‘sk mm’ a} 8) #031; Kya = 10 Nenn® lata toseyte eo se8 16-06 “waa Roe 1e-07 005 Lenk 02 Ut Ro 16-00 -esAs4 LT Ro _ 5454 TL Ro 1e-10 +7020 Ro ~-1020 1. Ro seat os 1 Z » 100 4 (ow) 12) = 08; Kou = 10 Nem Figure 8.6 ~ Typical fatigue crack growth cures for various wrought alloysEN 199941-3:2007 (€) Table 8.2— Fatigue crack growth rte data for wrought loys, R= KaulKywsconstant ‘Stress ntnsity aK Reto panied » a | aye.t00 188 3 Tar ie2E0 10 4a 406474614 2096 tot ‘$9646.10 | 475 660 2osissers | 670 280 4825386-10 1951 596 412850618 23,70 av S57sH1618 350 a7 3s7sat6-18 nyo. 087 ‘oat “427579611 nee | ae 1.980386-10 2ar 29¢ 250246-10 340 498 324844611 eat 108 373040616 L 145 toa 57300616, NOTE Thee tes awarpe borane: ara fam ane nga Ba 8.3 —Fatigue crack growth rat cat aloys ®* Kyu/Knu = constant ‘Sross ninety aK Resto ae ” Aa 10,400 328 35.88 '.102196-80 aes 10 799420-17 490 a7 192169612 128 578 S5871556-14 2307 9.2 37s0e-22 2130 9.2 Sa7s0se-s2 yo800 va2 Biz ‘3.054006-15 178 288 1.512356-10 582 181 1.951808-21 70 184 1.051806: NOTE vats aur nd eon ee omnes Figen)EN 1999-1-3:2007 ) Table 84 Fatigue erack growth rate data for wrought alloys, Kmaxst0 Nmm-2m0,5 = constant ‘Sees nensy aK Resto “ » A fm O10 078 ae 12114810 128 an 266186-10 1950 595 48975614 van a7 S071736-18 3440 a S071736-18 800 078 227 1 aTaTSEAO 1 zat 4 560286-10 437 528 1 242666-11 676 a2 2.128106-16 1145 a2 2.126186-96 NOTE var wept one cadmas Fre Ba)EN 1999-1-3:2007 (E) J eSZ. a 2) Y valu for pli plate; ald = cack depth rato b) value for wold toe sess concentration ©) Yalu for welding ry soltions for Yand Mh, Figute 8.7 - Use of typical standara 7EN 199941 2007 (E) ‘Annex [informative]: Testing for fatigue design C.1 General (1) Were there are insucient data for complete variation ofa stucur by calculations in accordance wth 22 1'or222 suppismantary evidence shoud be provided by a speci esing programe. In vs case lest data maybe requres or one oF mae ofthe fling reasons 8) The sonia load history of spectrum, for eter single or multiple loads isnot avaiable and is beyond racteal methods of stctura elouatons (ese 21 and 23.2) This may apply particulary to move, Dytrauteay or arosyriamiealy loaded stucures where dynamic or esanance effects can occu ) the guomatry of the sructira is so complex hat estimates of member forces or local ses ls an not be obtained by praca mebods of caulatons (see 82 and 4) ©) the maleate, mensional details, o¢ metiods of manufacture of mombers or joints are erent fom those given in deal category tables (8) crack growth dla ate needed or damage tolerant design verification (2) Testing may be carted ot on compte protatypes, on structures eat to the one o be but or on ‘omponent pare thereat The type of formation being dered fam tho et should take ino account the ‘Segre to woeh the loading, materials, constuctonal detais and mothods of manufacture ofthe est stu fr eomponants ther! refet he sircture tobe Bll (9) Test data snould only be used in fou of standard dela if iis cbtained and applied using contolled procedures. €2 Derivation of action loading data 6.2.1 Fixed structures subject to mechanical action (1) This eudessructres such as bridges. crane ges and machinery supports. Exsing sim structures ‘Sbjct the ame loading sources may be used fo oan fe amptude,phesng and Fequency of he app (Gade (2) Stain dateton or acceleration ransducer ed osleced componons ich have ben calibra under inn abled ods can racard te force pater over peal working pose ofthe Suc, use analog or ‘Sgial cota acquetton equipment. The components shoud be selected such a way that Ne man nad ‘Sornponers can be ndepandany deduced using the nivencecoeficers aed fromthe calibration leads. (9) Ateatively tad cls can be mounted atthe inafaces between the apjted load and the stucture and a ‘Sontnuous rc obtained sing the same equ. (4) The mass tines and logarthmic decrement ofthe let structure shoud be within 20% of hain he fal fost ana the natal roqueney ot aes gang res tothe greatest san Motuatons sad be wit 10% ire not he case tha lacing response should be subsequently veefed on a siucure mace tothe Fal esi(5) The tequeney component of te load specu oblaned ram te warkng pod should be muted by the ‘ato ofthe design fe ote working period fo aban the Mal design specu. Alenancs fr grown in tes (or tequancy of statseal exaplaton fom measured poios to design Wa shoud also be ase oo equ. €.22 Fixed structures subject to actions due to exposure conditions: (1) Ts nce stuctres suc 3s mass, chimneys. and cflchoe tae retires, Tha metodo dean 1th loading spect ore basen the sme ann G2 excep ta he yak psd wt goa ed be longer def to need to cbtain a vepresertabve spactum of expanure condition fads suchas Wid sd ‘wave actons, The fatigue damage onds fo be cated a space band te ovral loading pact du ties of hd flow indos rsananca. Th lends fo be very space 9 decton, Heency ard damping, Fot this reason greater pressions needed n suing tot the suc properties fase, athens a Sarin) ‘and aerodynamic poporis (cose sectoral geometry). {2118 recommended that be loadng s subsequent veri on astute othe Fra design # the xg loading daa are obained from srr witha natura equate or dampngafrng by enre ta TOM. ori ‘he ces sectonalshapaie not antic (9), tinal design speceun can be obtains in trms of crecton, tansy and roquency of leading, stably ‘modied by comparng the loading data during the dala colecior perod wih tne meteorlogcal records Shaied ove pes designe of tn stucte 2 Moving structures (1) This incites sructures such 98 aveling anes and otter stuctures on wheels, vohices and floating situcresn these types of sructre the goomety of be rng eutins shouldbe adaitay dined in tamme (of shape and ample of undulations and Tequency, a te wil nave a signi eed on the namie ‘Gading on the srutire, (2) Other lad effects such as cargo on and of baing can be measued using the panies cues C.2.1 (9) Riding surfaces sucn as purpose but test wacks may be used to bin eas histori for prototype designs. {oad data rom prveus sutures should be wed wh can, as eral dtetences, parity in cole esi for example, can substan tho dynamic response. Yeconmonded tat loaang veiled one fie esgn fal scale fatigue tesbg neta be adopted (soe C3), C.3 Derivation of stress data 6.3.1 Component test data (1) ner simple members occur uch thatthe main for compontns in the member can be calculated oe ‘measured easly I wll be Sulablo fo tect componens containing the jon or canst) Stal to be Unalsea (2) sutaie spocman of nea smension o that used inthe fi design shoul be gauged according to the simpiied geometric stross assassment (see Annex D) using a convent met such 9s elect Fesslanee stan gauges, mavelnege pators cr thermal laste techniques, The srs of te component ‘should be uffleity fr from the local area o nfres hat th local eects a the pot of sppicaton the ‘applied loads do not affoct the dlsttton of tres at the pot. The force eomponants and he teas [Facrentsin the region af interest should b dential to tage nthe vole suctre (2) Iniuencecostcens can be obtained from statcaly appties lacs which wil enable the stress pattern to ‘be detemined for any desired combination of load componars. required tho cosficents can be aah from scaled down specimens, provdod tre whele component scale equal, 59EN 1909-1-3:2007 (E) 6.3.2 Structure tost data (1) in cortain ypes of structure such as sl strvtues the contrty ofthe sbuctral malecal may make i Impracteabl tole Comeonents wth simple applied forex In ths case sess data shoud be oblaned rom prototypes 0: production structires (2) Similar methods for measurement may be wsod as for compananttosing. For mas general use is ‘kommendca tat site nade ara app te ndapandnt components so hth stosans can ha combined ‘hing the inva! iene cooticent forth point of erst Tha load shoud ge trough & shakedown ‘ye Botere caring the nfuonco cefcent dats, .2.3 Verification of stress history (1) The same metnod as desorbed in C32 may be use to vet tho ves History a 8 point during prookype {cdung unde 9 spocfedloadng, nthe ca data sequson equipment as usod in C21 shout be used to focordeiher te fl sere history otto ptm acy courting oparaton. The lle can be used to prod Me ‘noe the appropiate Agr cuve has been chose, (2) A futher option, which maybe used nthe case of ureriin loa stones, sto Koop the cyl counting ‘device permanently atached athe stuure n serves (C4 Derivation of endurance data C41 Component testing (1) whenever forco spectra or sass nstory data are known component testing can be done to very the tosign oferta! pats ofthe eructre. The component oe feted shoud be manufactured to exact the Same dmmonsons and procedures ax ar ntondes tobe used in falcon. Al ese aspects should be Tuy docomontod before manufacture ofthe tst components cars out Ir aaation any method of non- Sestrcbve tesing andthe aczeptance clea sould be documertod fogeter wih the inspects report on the quality of hots obo testo, (2) The test specimens or components shoud be loaded in a sinlar mannerto hat described in C21. Stain Seuges, especialy nthe care of components. shouts be used to very tat the sess fluctuations are a3 ‘Bauled, Tho locaton of steam gauges sould be sven that ey ae recording tho corect sexs parame. the nominal suess is bong recorded tne gauge should beat eat “0 rm fom any weld too, Where the sess ‘radon! ssoop tree gauges sould be used to enable marpalaton fo bo cared out (3) Derivation of design endurance data fom tests shoul follow the same satis ovation procedures 3 fave boon used for the etabienment ofthe feigue stengih desgn values in 62. Usual ths volves a Slava! evahaton, Based on estates of mean and standacd devation, assuming normal stoi, of rene! logarithmic ie cyles (dependant varable) for given loganihmc sess valuos. (edependent \orobie) or rexpactvaly 9 iar loghologh vepfession analysis for ho dierent fe vanges, soe Figure 6 ‘Thereby a mean repression Ine ofa charactors roprssin tne fr 3 spect probably of sural (usaly 12°97 Fo a 2 standard dovation from the mean wl bo estabsshod, Zor design purposes the lator Is ‘Sssurmad poral to tho fest. The charctarscregreston Ine, defined as above, should not be greater Han 1500s ofthe cotesponsing mean svongih value. Ths allows foe wider variates producton than 6 normaly ‘xanced ina see oa of algue spsemens (4) It should te Kept n mind tat tis spite procedure of derivation cf gression parameters i often Sppsed attouge may not be ralabie nthe cave of smal samples. For respective corecton factor the procedures under C3 ge guidance. (6) For damage tolerant design aroord of atius crack growth vith number f cycles should be obtained (6) Alternately, tie design atess history is known and @ variable amplitude facity i avalabe the Specimen may be tested under tes unactorea ste sory.EN 1999-1-3:2007 (E) C42 Full scale testing (1) Fu scale testing may be cares ut vode actual operating contns, ra teing facity with tes oad fn the compents apes by Myéraulicor her atnods of St (2) Tho oad ape shoud not exceed he nominal ods (3) Worm the sence inde vary in 9 random manner betscen Hts thay should be reprosonisd by an ‘ual sors ef oad apr betveen the supe andthe purchaser (4) Aternabely, the stands shoud equa! the un factored loads. (5) The appcaton of oats to the sample should reproduce exact he appt condone expected fr the $trature ocompasentin een, (6) Testing should contnue unt fracture occurs oF unl the sample incapable of resisting he fl fest nd Because! damage sustained. (7) Tre number of applications of tst lads) to fate shoud by accurately counted and recorded with ‘bsoratone fhe progressive development of cracks. 6.43 Acceptance (1) The cieson for atceptance depends upon whether the stucture is requited to give a safe Me performance, soe statements (2) (7). or damage tolerance perfomance, soe statement (11), (2) For accoptance ofa safe design, the Met faiure determined by tet acute to take account ofthe humor of est reauts avaiable, shoul hol be ls than tne design his (defined nA. 1} a lows (en Th isthe design ten cyces) Ta isthe mean leo flue determined by est in cys) F's te fatigue test factor Sopondent upon the sfacive numberof et resus availabe, as doin in Tablet (2) In estimating F factor values the folowing general stasis! principles and assungtions apply. A ‘haracteristestaitical vaio tained by the expression wen-Ke 2 here K depends onthe pobabity dtibuton athe reqared probity of surviat {oc siti! distrbuton withthe mean y and standard deviston <: in practice only estima for he mean land standard doviabon, Le- am and fospectvely, may bo calcsted for a sampla sa. Accongly orecton factors exessing the confidence intervals of bo the mean and the valance or stondara ‘eviation ave tebe appied. The previous elaonship may be hus oxpressed ms mks (ca)EN 1999-1-3:2007 () the hy ks tha theortical value of he dstributon belonging to a specie prbabity of sual te coestion forthe confidence interval ofthe stanard delat ky the coection for he confidence inarval ofthe mean anc ky are dependent on the slandard deviations, samo size n, and on the prescribed level of onfigesce Inthe genera case otha ths ohvemn/ a (ca) vere: bith sample size nthe confidence love or prcbabaty value case of neal tibuton) Zon is the value of te normal probabity atbuton with giver probaly of sural (1-2), taspanding oa wo-siee-robabity of (1), aan) le the vake of the chkequae probabilty dation fora gwen confidence interval fo ad = 1 cogioes of oodom onan) is he valve of he tcobabity dtbutin fora gen peal (1-2), comesponding to a two ‘od probably of ro and mt degra of racdom For he purpose of thas ues the folowing assumptions xe made: The standard deviation value isknown om previous experiance, 8 asad ona suit age sample — 82, this lows tobe eto unity — sunt knowledge af he underyng dltrbutn is avaible or no sigrfcant deviation from the normal ‘datioaion and — nthe crecon forthe confidence eral forthe man the éstrbuton may be replaced by the normal Gatton (4) In tne generat case of more specimens al tasted ofalureexsresion (3) then becomes arts bakyehy=24-012)4 " wn es) (5) n te case of mora specimens simutaneously este ut fale of fst specimen and inorder to estimate ‘eis assomed at — The resting Me of the fat specimen ~ relating to T, tem expression (C.1)- wl lo on the upper boundary of the respecive distbuton,:2007 (E) — the roqued er design fe ‘iron ‘elating to Tom expression (C.1)- wil be athe lower boundary ofthe “The lowor boundary wl be derived from tn =k sth k acoring i expression (C4). The vpper boundary vil be deved! corespondingly fom x, hs. The appropriate vale of eased from the assumobon ‘hat the probaity af sural of one specimen, fing atthe corresponding We, ie P, then the prosabuty of ‘Suva of n specimens tte same vel wl ba Taba onthe sla side a suited low vals for P= ‘sl be defined and Is eslszated fom the nvmalatinson ac" exobabity ar cowespondina vals “Te factor kis thon calculated rom Kak ohe = 2 ara cs) (6) From exoression (C1) the folowing expression obiained lea7, 1S (2) Tho reference fatigue strength of an adhesively bonded double ap joint which fl a the bond ne 8 ‘etned bythe equation Aran? eam ha en hare: ean isthe value of he adhesive ob aque strength factor hay a Ne = 2x10" eyes ‘unt De caraceritic Shear stengt ofthe adhesive cbaed om a slandard static lap shear tet (soe EN 1000.11) ‘Table £1 —Adhesively bonded joins i Product forms T etait st a constructional detail ‘Execution requirements Initiation sto 0.11 bun | Rolled, extruded and fr © ta raed products | se normal | Machining only by high me8 Single and two-component paves 2 athng | speed ming cuter ™ Lap in hicaness of hnnerpar’= 8mm | 298 serace Preparation ‘Sires peak at | degreasing or evomate | esangege, [conversion lessen oh | synnotical outa | specie fer shar strength fcoveedian [tes | Jat nly sweets mca, °EN 1999+-8:2007 (E) Ne Wo me Ai, i Nir t PM -- ++ a 2 ~ PALE = 3088 0 oF wo a 0 0 Fatigue shear strength curve! 385-8 sngle-componeet, Neat cued, mas epoxide fan 5 Nimmn* Featgue shear strength cure: 2,75-8 two-component, cod cuted, modified epoxide, fuan= 25 Nin" Fatigue shear srength curve: 2,206 two-component, cold cured, modified ay, an 20 Nini” Figure 1 — eM curve for adhesively bonded joints “Table €2 —Numercal values fr kay (24h an) for adhesively bonded joints Detail Category (N= 2x10") N= 10 Np = 5x10" Neto ] ‘estan | m | OF tutes | ont ¢ om ames | (4) Te fatigue design elatonahip for endurances i the range batwoen 10" to 5x10" cycls or nthe range tewaen Sct to 10 oyclosie dened asin 821 (2) and 621 (4) respectvelyn ts document (5) The dosgn strength valves fer adhesively Bonded joints shuld apply a prt fatr je to he above given ‘tong values, (6) Testing under ropresentave conditions of geometry, workmanship and exposure conditions f recommen ‘ed or nial appeatons (7) Fatgue data tor adhesively bonded joins apie ony win atomporature ange of 20°C and + 60°C. te peticey ot wring tsar (@)No allowance shoud ba made foretfet of mean stress wsnoutjusfcaon by test see Annex C).Annex F [informative]: Low cycle fatigue range Fit Introduction (1) Winer sgifeant damage is done by high svess ranges which se apled less than 10" tne, the Bo-N Cuves gen in 6.2 for catan conection dete and Feraios maybe unnecasealy conservative, The dat below may be usa to obtain amore acute ee predsion. F.2 Modification to Ao-N curves (1) For endurance between 10? and 10" eyes the fatigue design cune may be defined as: y= [282 1_\ 29m 105 en a0, Fane 1 tethe cola numer feces ofa ofa stess range do, 0, ethoreference value of fatigue srenih at 210! eyes depending cn the deta category be; is thestress range forthe princesses a he deal ante contant fora cles 1m ‘he ners ogaritml ope of the Ga- cure inthe ange 10 and 10 yes pening on he eta category alloy and valve 1m ‘she imvrse logarithmic slope of me Ao. curve, dency on he deta category 1% fee praca alowng fr ncotcten eoasn space an ays of sponte (one ie 'the pata factor or uncerainesin materials and wxecuton a62 6.2.12), F.3 Test data (1) Table F gives valves of mfr selected constructonl dels n tain wrought ay ped when have been ened ram ost data NOTE! FeRston betwen = and = 0a ican tine mae maybe ed NOTE? The Raa may ease one ell eres oy tet ting nso etal aes nEN 1999-1-3:2007 (E) Table FA Values of me 2. atay | 22 Qe | ciaoy | ore Pra Fom to mea | mo " 7a | Seip anianscemnins | 60m 2 cxcomare | stewie ansampe carers | 40 | om 1s a0 ssp oman wo | om uu coroswes | __srrasenanons «| om a2 |srmese ce 094. taiea10” so fom os so | om ws 7 afm 2 Jars vote a a | m eTEN 1999-1-3:2007 (€) Annex G [informative]: Influence of R-ratio G.1 Enhancement of fatigue strength 1) For apps sre ratio vals le tan {td pet ea tows" +05 an enhanced erence fatigue strength Boe may be oem 2 A on seco 19) the enhancament factor dopening on the Fao and We type of component and constuctenal Balas gien m2 below. NOTE lan nos ad ore pots tee as} may Mave haloes wich rt nag, a an 6.2 Enhancement cases G21 cases (1) This apps to ttation Stes the base material and wrought products in stuctralelaments ramota rom (2) Alowance should be made fr any pr-acton or lack of tin adit the app stresses (3) The vas ofthe enhancament factor AR) ar given by Am)=12-04R (o2) 20 go Table G.4 and Figure G4 Table G.1- Values of for Case + R ne) 12-088 <108 eros 10 nEN 1999-1-3:2007 (E) Facto A) 16 T 1 | wks La wl... J>s~---L_--=> 4 ‘0502 05 7 Fe Gal 1 fly stress ree regions: 2 pany stross ree regions; 3 ~ regis wath resi ess Figure 6.1 ~Strength enhancement factor AF) at 2310" cycles 6.22 Case2 (1) Th applies to lation stes associated wih welded or mechanical fastened cannactons In simple Srucural loment, ware the residual svesse6 dys Mas boon esabishod, bing io account any proacton or face ot (2) The fective Ratio Ras shoud be estimated a lows 2a Se Pet Soe aa (63) ‘es the appa sess range. (9) The vais of) are given by fR)=09-04R ea) 590 aso Table G2 and Faure G1. ‘Table 6.2 Values of for Case 2 Ra AR) = 1 025 a9-04e 2528 10 6.23 cases (2). spots rear wided oonectons and 0 calexstuctialaasonies where cont of ein ‘Mosse ot pacteaba, (2) tis case A) shouldbe taken as unity fo al Ratios (560 aso Figure).EN 1999-1-3:2007 (€) Annex H [informative]: Fatigue strength improvement of welds H.1 General (1) In cases were te fatigue racks would inate atthe wold te, the capa of weld jis can bo “nproved. Sion methods ae normy aod athe most highly svesse! welds o fox mproving wel hang ow sean (2) Te folowing metreds are considees her: — Machining o arning essing by 1G plasma: ooning (shot peering, naoa paaning or hammer peering) {@)ln caves whore specie improvement echriques have been employed, an improvement athe md and ong {aga fe rgin upto 20% meseured by svoas range may be aires. Te Migros improvement achieved bythe combnaton of two mathoss le machining (or gindeg) and hammer peenng were the double Improvement fhe ind methods can beaches (4) For at metros the fotowing aspects should be considered 12) A suitable work procedure should be avaiable 1) Before appying the measures for improvement if should be assured that no sutace cracks ar present in thet locators 2) This shouldbe done by dye penetrant or cher suitable NOT meted 2) nthe shar ite raion where the local teases exceed the yt stength he inition perad isa smal Fraction tirespectve of the nolch case) and the Improvement ls thus smal. Hence, hare wi be NO improvement in design a 10° cyeos (The cM erueis us lated wth ed values a 10" ©), Potential fatigue fracture locations cher than that boing improved shouldbe considered: ea. ithe weld toe aea is improved, ten fcatons xe the weld tvoatornianal cracks (prt penetration), might Be ‘he ting factor, 1) The fatigue ife andthe useuness of improvement mathods sho. be constored, 2) Under realy corroding condos in water, the improvement is an lst. Methods imvving compressive roudval stresses (pocning) ave loss suscepIble. Corosen protection i terfore needed i the Improvemontisto be scnoved (6) Design values for mpeovod wats shoul be established by testing, soe Annex H.2 Machining or grinding (1) Machining canbe portormed bya high speed tary bur extr and has the advantages of eroding a more ‘precise rads defnon, lone marks parale! (0 the sess decton and. gang aouoes to comers [Stematey ask grinder may be used access permis, see Fue. In bah cases te aco he cing fiporeage should be comeatyerosen 6EN 1990-4-3:2007 (E) (2) To ensise he rem of ntusions ete. bar mactsing has be extended oa depth of minimum 0 em below the botom ef any wala undoaitet2_buk shou! nol exceed 2 mim SS of ie plate ese, tehever isthe les sae Figure M2. The ‘ightreducton In plate theknass ard coresponding Inea230 F oma! sees insgnean for hicknese of 10 mm or ger Inthe case of mupass welds eat two wad tes shouldbe tested Care should aso be akan to ensure tat he requred toa! io ismaraines a) b) ® | Sune og-sgm 2) bur machining: ) dk ging 2) poi: b) wold too Figure HA —Machininglgrinding echniqu Figure H2 —Profle Geometrios H.3 Dressing by TIG or plasma (1) Whe TG welding is ony 2 protic! process for steuctures made of ples # mm tek oles, can ba used {arimproving te atquesrenghn cases here he oid oe ithe teal ste Viton omting the easing oe ‘ajo nelusons an undevea can be removed andthe toe rca canbe hersassd whieh reduces the cs) ‘Sree concanraton factor, (2) Standard Ti crossing equlpare should be used, without th adton of any flr material, 1G desing Senssive to operator sil nd ie enpoiant to have dean sutoces io aol ores. Dlaled procedures should bo prepared (2) Te improvement should bo verifid by tat H4 Peoning (1) Tho targost benefits are normaly oblained wth methods where compressive esiual ress are introduces ‘Tha mea common maths are hammer pearing, noadle pooning. and ee peonng. Poonng ic a cold vesting process hore he pact of foc deforms Bie suoce lastly. The surounding (etasic) matali Eamprese he deformad vlume. High compressive service acon can decreas the loveless sess ond Should Laken no acount when apeyng Fandom acon spect (2) Procedures for ll peening mshods shoul be prepared: Passes, weld te deformation, and indentation for hammer and wre bundle poe ners, coverage, and Aen sip deformation for sol peering.Annex | [informative]: Cestings 1.1 General (1) The folonng sta ray be used for casings provide hate ns er cacuaon of stesso in EN 190041-1 ‘Gause 22.8 and ts Annas 4 ae fone, (2) Te design ries in EN 1999-13 fr castings under fatigue landing, fr the ays given in EN 1909-11, Table3 3, may bousod ifthe aaionalroquremants a3 36 cbeenod, 1.2 Fatigue strength data t 24 Plain castings (1) Depending on the required lev of quay, see 13, the numerical values for Ao of Tale | may be -ppled “Table Lt = Numerical valu of 40 (Nim for plain material Detail Category Nat noeaxto? oe 2 088 1 757 0 [ oa wo 491 2 183 a 5) Ms 122 Welded material (11 Fatigue strength values for wood castings are not covered by EM 199913. NOTE regu sng a weit canto ay be edn Non es, 123 Mechanically joined castings 123.4 Botta joints (1) rumarcal values ho of Table 2 maybe apped forbs of Categay A: Bearing Type, see EN 1809-4,EN 1999-1-3:2007 (E) ‘Table 2 Numerical values of Ao (Nim) fr bolt jonts Detail Category “Corresponding Detail Category — | (N= 2x10") (ie 2x10") eto? | no seto® | focplan mater for boted jis | oe ™ a0 Bee ma 7 “45 352 358 169 2 0 “ oa 28 150 a 25 4 = 199 oa 2 0 4 23 158 1s 2 6 4 “8 er Com 12.32 Pinned joints (1) Fatgue strength vals for pinned joints ce not covered by EN 1900-13 NOTE! Ftv hgh an Ta 15 ees ja aya be od ht any conceal ant (ty sear ants nga mem ypu sae auton NOTE? Fev nog enue esas casings may bacenein te Narn 124 Adhesively bonded castings (1) Adnesivey banded joints castings are not covered by EN 199843, Nore Fave teh asf atu a castes may ean he Naorl ae 13 Quality requirements, (1) The adational tations in Table 3 concerning maxenum poe ameter shouldbe observed ‘Table L3~ Value for maximum pore lamotor [rm] for castings Data Caesory n 0 “0 Pa {ine 2x00) s [rmasimum poe daneier | 02 05 as | 45 [20eemab)| NOTE Praca ergs wh gh so is han 05 mm antes sec eons anes eciee and "etn. Fume ig pss than Os eaten snl suen seca om ge 02 ae he (esongyo dcng awe och pares no an hae ans) tte cng Argo ae ob a opanesoamngs ota aed me son eegn shout cre ys manta!Annex J [Informative]: Detail category tables JAGeneral (1) The deta categories and the se--rlatonships inthis Annex may only be used wih the provisions of racer (2) The dota category valves are vad for antion tomperatire, exposure contions which do rot requice Bany surface prctocton (see Table 8.2), and in connecton wth the execution fequvemens of EN 1000-3 ‘Those values are deiatd for tess Yabo vakos nol smalo than 08 “Table Jt ~ Detail categories for beta category Product forms 2 oxem” Conaructonal ea Executonrequrements Lio Sante oe - ‘er =e 1 le, | AS a|f | aeeeee if, “SE a]; | seeeex aw ip VRE TUE | scceetn Sue treguaty il ‘Shoot pte. onrsins bos ogra | 2 BLE s ELLE eosgem — B/E soeaae 3 Salty Sums: = EE) sce Coe 2 EEE) cesses, some C 5 Bo erosion Suraca inequity ot ver Ar 15) Sy Pa|P | ste STEELS | Noscaremars olf | esses. |e | mages (18) 007 as ‘Visual inspection _ Surface irregularity —_ | ° | m2, coma ape au tt 0 eae | = Mtnecract ccranon noma ote eto eae art ob sora ancenig iy ncnEN 1999-1-3:2007 (€) Mh 400 300 Ninn? 150) 100 50 0 0 2» 18 5 10 & 10 10 wo! " 10° Figure 1 —Fatigue strength curves Ao-N for plan members - categories as in Table Jt ‘Table J2— Numerical valvos of Sc (Nm for plan members - det eategories a in Table J Slope Cae mu [Tm 7e-05 | ie-08 | 26-08 | seve | 16007 i= 7E+038 | 76-08 | Toro | aus] e | m0 | mea ve) aon | 70 [79 [wa [tas [ aso | oor [ea | nis ms 70 [70 [sa | soe | eo | any | vas_| sz | ara 70 | 70 | 1981 99.4 90,0 0 | 718 $18 S15 70 | 70 1227 | 083 80,0 70.2 636 457 67) [zo [20 [ims [ma [a [ma | sa | we] weTable 4.3 ~Detal categories for members with welded atachments~ transverse wold too EN 1990-1-3:2007 (E) nd Data yee Consinctons detail spouse uly si) mesa sae ise 32 [23-34 4<15 10. | ar ansverse weld toe on stressed 20-34 101515 | member, away from edge (weld Lederle ae et 33 28-34 2 zg | i i bse ise |S j oa BR Chern : FES fects) Rimmamnaenem ns 3 3 as) 134 KES a | ‘Nem utes oye se) seas Kk Inge ald cnsoge 37 In ground weld ow on edge at wold end 38} 236 4 (On member sriace a vaneverse wold 2 For tns nbn stonee 0 211) an ena by Mec cgi enamine iso ooeaneeEN 1999-1.3:2007 (€) 400 se 300 200 100 50 0 2» 0" 10° 10° 0? oo strength curves Ac for members with welded attachments, transverse wold toe ‘Metal categories an Table J3 19 of AON (Nim) for welded attachments, ransvorse Wold to “ata catagories as In Table J3 Slope yee ve | mm | 18005 | 16008 | 26006 | sevo5 | vev07 | revo | 00 ae [se | 58 360 | as | 22 | 158 | 188 aa [64 | 772 mo | ma | ais | wo | 0 aa | 54] ors mo | a4 | 98 | ws | v3 34 [sa] 209) 250 | 91 | 16a | 10 | m0 [3a [ sa [sss me_| we [5 [wos [v1 3a[sa| sea | 25 153 | 34 | 88 | 68 | salsa] os | 2H w7 [a | 79 [79]EN 1999-1-3:2007 (€) for members wit longitudinal welds Som | esecuenrenirements | | peta CConstnctona deta les 8) Sey i | 3 Inaon ste wos 5) 23 i 3 som” te 8) 58 " FAT wenn )pel 32 | coscerte |E ale | a] * [zig . ‘5 Continous st) aaa laeg tonic |p| © an nn | 32 = @L Mii. S2) sear ‘Atweld discontinuity z a eye + 5 | yong sa] asaa Sastte! |o| b Awad atcortay : | 2 sa) aaa ble = ‘ae S55) ons ‘At weld discontinuity: eye Z ig, sa | aeea oo q 18 clo a adi BES | Waatecereaer | = or] sas fis Hi o| 7) as aiss| |¢ Rocco (UE [EB + Cin cnotingta sod trun tn ener po an AS eho a cyEN 1999-1-9:2007 (E) 400 ae 300 50 0 10" 10° 107 wy Figure 43 -Fatigue strength curves 4c for mombers with longitudinal welds - detail ategories asin "Table “Table J6— Numerical values of AoW (Ninwn! with longitudinal welds ~ dtl catagories a in Table 3.5 Slope ‘yas N vm | me | 1705 | 16008 | 2&+06 | se+06 | te+o7 | 1E+08 | 1E+09 | safes] wa] mo | 99 | me | se | oe | ste 4a [6a] 124 | 058 | sso | asa | aos | zor | 23s] a3[6a] #3 | 20 | «a | oa | 26 | me | me] aa[ea] wa | vo | mo | ws | a0 | ws [mo] aa[ea] rea | a | 960 | 201 | 261 | wer | wor aa [ea] so2 | 9 | a0 | we | 29 | var | uaEN 1999-1-3:2007 (E) Table 4.7 —Detal categories for but-wolded joltts between members lees beta ‘| sa | lie oa scion eat we [3] pg [me ly Gn | ein] comment | aoe lat |B] ge sam") ation sto | ARE | (BFE a) dag] maa | ser s| e m2 | ar | | Ble] c aia Z Bg 721) sa Bape 722 | waa fls/e[ ¢ > : _ 723 | aaa Ss | lflele ine rat | as al [ile] 3) |e . eee backing | bular 2 ia Bee Weed ore| Fats z{e[e Tou Seen | hd iletae Alc Penetration |Open 5 ‘ vas | saa via oe wage [em | 8) co] sine ce | i = a |e es ieee Ps ‘penetration 3 eee Weld i 5 | | (SH =] fe] || .sEN 1999-1-3:2007 (€) 0 10 0 0 Pa “ —, » SES st a» SS su 8 3a 0 0 10 108 0 ° , 0 Figure J4—Faigu suengt cures AoW for butt welded jin between members Maetal categories as In Table 7 Tablo 1.8 -Numerial values of AoW (Nin?) for butt welded joints between members “etal etegoris ac in Table 37 Slope ‘Gyees im | m | 12008 | vev0s | 26006 | se+00 | evr | 1ev08 | ve00 7/9) 9 | oe | soo | ar | ass | 52 | 52) T[|9| eo | sar | 50 | 205 | se6 | as | a) [63] woe | sa7 | soo | a4 | soe | asa | 25a) 43/63] 93 | 29 | «50 | sa | 26 | 228 | 226 34[sa| oss | a90 | a0 | 06 | 259 | i175 | w75 | as[es| aos | 470 | 40 | 323 | 290 | 201 | 204 34 [sa] e569 | a1 | s60 | 275 | zz | 158 | 158) 34 |s4| 72 | sa2 | szo | za | 215 | 140 | 140 ae [se| a | 21 | 130 | tar | mt] 78 | 78EN 1999-1-9:2007 (€) Table 1.9 ~ Detail catogores fr filet. welded joints between members tess | executon requrements | ts; om eo | Ae Ge enue | terete |B A flail payed : coment | | fe | sls] i], es wee’ |? | Af, exe et g as : _ Pa ee women) | [Sho] S Weld aisos” |§ | § ae a : g ge onesina |2 | F [8 so onsoe i va Lai | glis | joe | m4 eee tb) | esilae ie |en Pre gf csi 5 | I a leat re ele Sect a i se) tesa | ravens | $3 [i | |e [aul "Rents cen onEN 199941-3:2007 (E) Ne No M 0 00 ae 20 200 150 +00 0 18 d 5 rasa 0° 0 08 10" 0" 10° Figure JS Fatigue strength curves 4c for flat welded joins between mombors ‘Seta categories a In TabloJ9 ‘Table JA0 Numerical values of Aco (Nim for fillet. welded jents between members ‘Stal categories a in Table 9 ‘Slope ‘Gycles N vm | me | 16405 | te-08 | ev08 | sev06 | wear | vev0e [16000 aalea] ore | m3 | m0] ia | wes | ws | 128 34 [sa] o03 | sor | 250 | v1 | 168 | 110 | 10) ae [sa] sss | 202 | 20 | 6 | 165 | 10.1 | 100 | aa [sa] aa | 21 | 0 | w37 | 2a | 79 | 79 | aa[sa| me | v2 | mo | wor] o4 | 61 | at | 3a[sa| 290 | 7 | 0 | 92 | a1 | 53 | 53EN 1999.4 2007 (E) 11 ~ Detail categories for crossing wots on bultup beams ] Tien raiearis—] Peat | 3 + ently | Consuctona dt ? sypeet | : 4) tater ste 24 Waisng som wt | Fotis 5 S55 | Dasa < ‘ied butt 3 wi, fal s| 2 senaraton, | 3 | 3 oss ra s| gee | sine Z 3 seh é 3) ‘ws sie 5 3 37 [sng stea | 2 oon i & ‘a | : v2) 4034 peneioion| | ees ‘ootand & 4 caporauns| | 3 3 ‘aon | §] 8 & es als 7 5 #/3 08. : | tie ge 58 edt e| 3 : na) ase i 5 Balal c ‘nl ‘a = 3 | poration! | 2) Eg : | é | adios pe g oe 5 : : & na] 254 i ce pontaten | Kat0e - "nmr aro het br ney am gn a Soe ton taawaormae crge *hecadngEN'S0 100t208EN 1999-1-3:2007 (E) Ne No M “00 sa 300 as 0 So EstatS 2 sons 6 334 108 10° 10 rr oy Figure J.6- Fatigue strength curves Ao-N for erossing woldson built-up beams “Goal categories asin Table 11 ‘Table J12— Numerical values of AoW (Nim) crossing welds on bul “etal categories as In Table 11 sup beams pcos ‘ms [rs | #EvO5 | 1606 | 26-06 | sev06 | 16607 | vE-08 | TE08 3a[sa] os | 490 | oo | soe | 259 | 7s | 7S 3a[sa| cba | ast | aso | avs | a2 | 158 | 58 aa[sa[ aa | 221 | 90 | a7 |r| re | 79EN 1999-1-9:2007 (€) ‘Tobie 4.13 ~ Daal eategoras for attachments on bultup beams | category CConstetona etait El Ses, | cesonens oor ine 132) 134 Not section 133) gas. 134) 2543 Netinoat| 135) 2043 ‘ea te i i ‘aol 8 a Sifenng efactfstackment/ tess concentaton at hard pin of connection (compare to Figure 5.2) For web‘o-fange filet weds, 268 Table J5, type no, 84 oF 5 otEN 1999-1-3:2007 (E) oo te ‘ “» ‘0 © » » Wiese t- * ca 5 ow 7 w wo wo Figure J. Fatigue strangth curves Ao for attachments en built-up beams all catagories a in Table. 13, ‘Table J44-Numerca values of Ao (Nimm for attachment on builtup beams “etal categories aa in Table J.13. Slope yes wm | me | 12005 | 1e08 | ev08 | se+06 | vewor | ver0e [1e009 wea] oe | ve | me) a | 2 | es | en ea] 2 | 24 | 250 | 22 | 181 | 26 | 126 s4[ sss | 232 | m0 | we | 155 | 101 | wa e3[ a1 | ms | 20 | 2 | 45 | 100 | 100 sa[ wa | 21 | we |r [ver | 7e | 792007 (€) ‘Table 415 — Detall ategores for boted joints | cman See Detail | Ae —my Stress concent rans ‘requirements ’ tanta —_| | eo ‘pe » allowed for Caspar Eee Prot on yo suas reali Soe | eng anger ‘Sten Naren pene |e |e on ion sen ne 1 cs ab sts St) set Seton ‘amin bless ac properties > 8mm) tnttion ferpictette {n Font of ho ‘unequal load | the quaity should be | scomae’ |Peersca nes (emanate i) ee [aie | sore [Snes ~ 7 ‘Lap joint with Fiat rotons ons sig) ress oy sees Somes vont cEeaae Sar” | concen ope So [oom |e wea) sea nee | Sesto |r a Sin | a |e ng Mes | ey |S St a axe fee eso tne aes 93EN 1999-1-3:2007 (€) fete NM 500 200 ae 300 00 Bs t i 1 i I i i I 0 set 10 10" 107 oy Figure 18 ~ Fatigue strength curves Bow for boltd joins ~ data catagories as in Table 15, “Table 16 Numerical values of ac-N (Nim) for bolted joints ~ deta categories asin Table 15 Slope pies im [m: | 16005 | 1e108 | 26006 | se08 | ver | Te0e | 1E+08 2 ves | 56 | seo] 5 | oa | ait | aut 1EN 1999-1-3:2007 (E) Annex K [informative]: Hot spot reference detail method (2) For the not spot reference deal faigue strength method 38 ef-ed inthis Anes, data determined under the eoqurements of tie Standard shoul be used (2) The eatouation roceaure sas rows 8). Selecta ceterence deta with known fatigue resistance rom the seal category tbls, which 838 sia 235 possbieto the deta being assessed with respect to weld quay and to geometnc and loading parses ) dent he type of tess in which te fatigue esstance Is expressed, This s usualy nomial sires (a5 inthe dtl category abies) ©) estan a FEM model of the reference detall and ine deta to be assessed wih the same type of ‘meshing and elements folowing the recommendations given 1) ood the reference deta and the deal tobe assessed wih he sess denied in ©) otorine tho hotspot stress anges Ache OF he raferonce detail and ‘hen Of the dota to bo assessed, hotspot tess rangos the fatgue stongin for 2 millon cytes of he deta to bo assed Ac nf hon cauated rom the fatigue class of th oference deta! aby. Ac amase = 5 soc « 1). g) assume forthe detail tobe assessed he same slopes mms ofthe reference deta. {2)1n case contrat measurements ar perormed i vty tne calculated stesso, @ correct postoning of he San gauges outside tne hea fected zone shoud be sass, NOTE Attonaevoraion he mc eat ths ae Boga D3EN 1999-1-3:2007 (€) Bibliography References to Annex B: Fracture mechanics ea 22 ‘Standard tet mod for measurement of fatgue crack growth ates, ASTM ESA7-93 ‘Simtons of short rack ant ober ow cose action condones us constant Ky /K-Sereasng {atu cack growth procedures. ASTM STP 1149-1992, pp 197-220. Cra, U. Fracuxe mechanic parameters and pccodurs forthe fatigue behaviour estimation of weed ‘suminim eamponents. Reports rm Stuctural Engineering, Technaste Univers Mareen, Repo ‘No"32 (TUNPLIE research rep. D. Keston) Munich 1202 COnra, R Statist Evaluation ractre Mechanic Data and Formuaton of Design Lines for weldea ‘Components n Alaminium Aloys. Reports fom Srutral Engineerna, Tectnische Unverstt Moncton, ‘Rept No, 486 (TUMFLME researc ep. D. Kostas), Mich, 098. ‘Svea intent factr equation for erack in thee dimensional hte todles. ASTM STP 791, 1983 pp eto 26s, Roferences to Annex C: Testing for fatigue design ca 2 Kosteae, 0: On the Fatgue Behaviour of Aluminum, In: Kosteas, (G4), Aluminium in Pract, ‘Staitans Spel seve No. 67(1986) Eat & Sob, Bet, occa, RO. Kosleas, R_ Ona Background Document to Falgue Oesgn Cunes for woes ‘Auminten Components. iW doc No. Xil-588 95, References to Annex D: Stross analysis ba ba Pay W. 0. Peterson's ates concentration factors, John Way and Sons In, 1897 ‘Young, WC. Budyoas RG: Row’ foes for stress and sin, MeGraw Hl, 2001 Hebbacher, A: Recommendations on fatigue of welded component, IW Doe. XM-1965.03%.1127-08, shy 2008eee blankBSEN 1999-1-: :2007 Bt |889 Chiwick High Road London WasaL, BSI — British Standards Institution SI isthe independent national bdyreaponite fr preparing British Standards, It presents the UK saw om standards im Europe and atthe Incenatinal level Ite incorparated by oa Chastr Revisions British Standards aro updated by amendment o revision, Users of [Betish Standards should make sure that they pases ho ltoet amendments ‘tions tis the constant aim of BST wo improve the qusity of our products and srvies Wo would be grateful fansone finding an insceuruey o ambiguity while using this British Standard would inform the Secretary ofthe technical eommtoe ‘eaponnibl, the entity of which exn be found on the ins front over Tol "£4 (0)20 096 8000, Fax #45 (020 8986 100. 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EN - 1999!1!3 Eurocode 9-Design of Aluminium Structures-Part 1-3-Structures Susceptible To Fatigue

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EN - 1999!1!3 Eurocode 9-Design of Aluminium Structures-Part 1-3-Structures Susceptible To Fatigue

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