I

II

1. Which of the following definitior-rs best describes a clisease, callse by one or tu,o nrutant al leles? a.
Multifactorial; b.Monogenic; c.Chrou-rosonal: d. PoIr ucnic.
2. Which of the following corresponds to the altenrative fbrm of a gene? a.Non-allelet b. Compound; c.

Henrizvgote: d.A I Iele.

3. Population carries

two or tnole different aileles at a particular locus. \\/hich of the following

definitions best cort'esponds to the alrove r.nentioned statement? a. Horrozl'gote: b. Heterozygote; c.
Polyn-rorphisur: d. Compound.
4. Whicli of the follorving defenitior-is best describes location of a gene in a chromosone?
a. Locus; b. Site; c. Prontotor; d.Primer.
5. What is called a set of alleles at a locLrs or locus clasters in chrornosomes? a. Wild type; b.
Polyrnorphism; c. Hornozygote; d.Haplot),pe.
6. Which of the following definitions best describes set of alleles, that fom a gentic constitution of an
ind ividr"ral? a. Phenotype; b.Genot),pe; c.Compound ; d. Hetero zy gote,
7. Which of the following definitions best corresponds to an individual's genotype, which is expressed
in rts morphological characteristic? a. Heterozvgote; b. Hornozygote; c. Pl-renotype: d. Genotype.
8. Which of the following correspotrds to an individual with identical pair of alleles? a. Homoqvgotel
b. Heterozygote; c. Hemizygote; d. Diheterozvsote.

9. Which of the following is an individual *'ith nonidentical pair of alleles? a. Homozygote; b.

Heterozygote; c. Hemizygote; d. Diheterozyeote.
10. Horv mauy rxLrtaut alleles does a cot.npund heterozygote have in different loci? a.Two; b. Three; c.
Five; d. Eight.
1 1. What is the name of The member, for u hom a family with a genetic disorder is first brought
to the attention of the geneticist a. consultand b. Proband: c. Sibs; d. Parents.
12. What is the name of the person, who brings needs the family to attention by consulting a
geneticist a. Proband; b. Parents; c. consultandt d. sibs.
13. Which of the following diseases is caused by a new mutation? a. Sporadic: b. Monogenic; c.
Multifactorial; d. Pol igenic.
14. Which of the following definitions best corresponds to the probability of the certain gene will have

any phenotypic expression at

all? a. Expressivity; b. Pleiotrophy; c. Penetrance; d. Variable

expressivity.
15. Which of the following definitions best describes the severity of expression of the phenotype
among individuals with the same disease-causing genotype? a. Penetrance;
b. Expressivit_y; c. Pleiotroplty; d. Incomplete penetrance.
l6.Which of the following factors are characteristic to Huntington disease? a. Variable expressivity;b.
Age-dependarrt expressvityl c. Irrcomplete penetrance; d. Incomplete penetrance and variable

expressivity.
17. Which of the following factors is characteristic to hemochromatosis? a. Incomplete peuetrance and
variable expressivilv; b. Only variable expressivity; c. Age-dependant expresivity; d. Only incomplete
penetrance.
18. Which of the

following definitions best corresponds to the disease, tl-rat is caused by different types
of mutations in the same locus? a. Genetic; b. Allelic; c. Loctts; d. Phenofypic.
19. Which of the following is characterized by the autosomal-recessive phenotype? a. Homozygotes: b.
Heterozygotes; c. Dilreterozygotes; d" Herrrizygotes.
20. Which of the following is characteristic to the autosomal-recessive disease? a. It affects both sexes
equally; b. It affects females primarily; c. It affects males prirnarily; d. Females are never affected.
21. Sorne of tire autosornal-recessive diseases are sex-dependent; it is expressed in both sexes with
differer-rt degrees. Which of the following autosomal-recessive diseases is found mostly in males and is
characterized by more severe symptons than in females? a. Hemochromatosis; b. Cystic fiblosis; c.
Tay-Sachs disease; d. Thalasserria.
22. Which of the following is the most con-)rrou autosotrral-t'ecessive disease in white children? a.
-flialassernia;
b. Cystic liblosis; c. tray-slclis cl iscasc; tl. iiie lile-ccll artetria.

23. What is called a marriage [retwecn close rolllivcs'/ a. Imprinting; b. h-ibreeding; c. lsolate; d.
Assoftate.

24. \Vhich of the follor,ving l) t,:.

indiviclual has att affectecl parl:..

recessive: d. Y-lirrlicrl.

15. \\ lriclr trl'tlte [ollou irrg tr

- ,irr':il)()n(ls 1o thc statettletlt: eacll ailected

rr.irrl: lr. Atttosotrtltl-recessir e: c. X-litll<ed

1'c-

individr,rals have equal chatrces oit:-::.

imprinting; b. Autosomal-dotninant: :.

26. Which of tl-re follor.ving types oi

affected parent has a 50%o risk-factcr..

: - -. , r rc\l)()lttls to tltc slltlcttictlt: tllale and f-enale

to the cliilcllctl trl'lloth seres? a. Durit-tg
- ': " .:r.-'tpcs
: - :: -.:: '. :. cl. Y-linked.
-: :>i :.-.r'respouds to the statellle llt: each child of the
-

'.,..-:

:3:-:sire: b. Y-linked; c. -{Lttrrsolllal-domillallt;

d.

Autosomal-recessive.

2T.Whichoftliefbllowingtypesof it-,1-.::'..-. -- ---:.:-:.:.espotldstothestaternellt: tlleaitictedgeneis

transrlitted fi-ogr fathe; to every claLrS.-.:-. -: r- .- s:irtal-dotlinant; b. Atttost'tral-rece ssiVe: c. Xlinked recessive; d. Y-linked.
jO. Wnl"n of the following types of inher:,":r:: ::s: Joiresponds to the statenetlt: atl afttcted male and
a normal female have all affected dau.qh::.s::.::ealthr sous? a. Autosottlal-recessire. b. X-linked
dorninant; c. Autosomal-dorninant; d. \'-1ii^::t- Wt i"n of the followilg diseases is cl:r:,;l:erized by the X-linked derrrinant irrheritance? a.
Hypophosphate rachitis; b. Color-blindness: : l-.:.tentte urltsculat' dvstropltr : d. Hurlter s1 ndrome.
ilWfri.f., of the following X-linked dornin::-: i.eses is lethal onlv in rnales? a. Rett s]'ndrorne: b.
Tay-Sachs disease; c. Achondroplasy; d. Hlp:r: ':sterolemia'
d.
33. Accordir-rg to the X-tinked genes males ar3: ;. h..mozygotes; b. Heteroz\gotes: c. Herniz:'gotes:
Compounds.

38. How many genes are there ir-r the mitochtrn:ri:, D\A? a. l3; b. 22: c.25 d.37
3g.Hownrunypotypeptidesareencodedbl tl,e,::resof rnitochondlial DNA?a. 15,b. 18;c. 13:d.25'
40. Horv many trausport RNAs are there in th: :r'.rl-rchorldrial DNA? a.22'.b.25;c' 28; d.30.
41. Which of the following categories cr ;'.-.-r:arion changes the DNA sequance of uuclear or
.

mitochondrial genome? a. Gene; b. Genome . c. Ci'rronrosorrial; d. Dynatnic'

42. What is the category of mutatior]s. thar ;h:iiges tlie structure of si l'chromosontes? a. Gene
mutations; b. Chromosomal mutations; c. Gen'-,tne mutations; d. Dymanic mutations.
43.which of the rono*ira ro*-rr of mutatiLrn can cause incorrect segregation of chromosotne number
during meiosjs? a. Genome; b. Chromosotlral: c Somatic; d' Gene'
44. What is calted a single number change of the nondamaged chromosmes? a. Haploidy; b'
Arreuploidy: c. Poliploidy; d. ELrploidy'
Chromosomal; b'
45. Which of tl.re following category of mutatio,r calrses 2l chrorrosonle trisomy? a.
Genome;c. Gene; d. DYnarnic.
a triplet base in the DNA seqllellce aud canse subsequent replacment of
46. point mutation
"ur-r "hung"
of mutation does the above
one aminoacid by the other in the correspondiue protein. Which category
d' Frameshill'
mentioned mutation betong to? a. Missens: b. Samesense; c' Nonsense,
a. Sickle-cell anernia; b. Tayrnutation?
missense
the
br
Which of the followi,r!diseases is caused
47.

Sachs disease; c. PKU; d. Cystic fibrosis'

replacement of normal codorre of

4g. Which of the follorvingiypes of rrutarirrr rs cliaracterized by the
a. Missense; b. Sarnesense; c' Nonsense; d'
one of the animoacrds UV one of tlrree terntinatior.t codons?
Frameshill.

tlie meaning of a codon? a' Samesense;

49. Which of the following types of mutatiort does not change
b. Missense. c. Fratneshift; d. Nousense'

can callse the change of olle purine base

50. which of the following nucleotide chansesialteratiotts
d' Deletion'
c'
with the other puriue base? a. Trausversion: b. Transition; lnversion;
one pirimidir-re base with
cltanges
that
51. What is the name for the nucleotide cha,-rge/alteration,
cl''l't'ttttsversion'
c'-ftru:'iilpl;
unott er pirimidine base? a' Inversion; b Deletion;
oan causc tltc change of a purine base with a
chau,,csialtor:r(ion.s
52. which of the following nucleotide
l)clction; cl' Inversion'
pirimialne base or r,ise veisa? zr. Trausversi,.,n. [r.'l'rrtltsiliott;o'
lrrr:rrria? a. Sarreseuse: b. Mtsspnsq; c.
lt,t.r'll
..i\Lrs(.s:;it.l,
53. which t-.f t6e fbll.u,i11g 1'c.:r,rf ,*,1,ui,.,r,
Nonsense: d. Fralreshifi.
rrisonri,,s L)rtrscs l)owu syndrome? a. 18 cltromosolne
54. S'hich of the following chrotllost'tti:r rlll(rrj()nl('
ltstrttty, cl. 22 chromosolre trsolry.
trsomyi b. ll chrotl-tosottlc- tfsolily; c' I i elrr

50. \Vhich of the following nuclet:i,i: - - --- , .:.irrns can cause the char-rge of one purine
Tl'ansition; c. Inrrersion: d. Deletion.
base nith the other purine basel .'.. Tr',,:-..'. -., -.
51. What is the name for the nlr.'i:.-:-,i- - '-' -: - .lr.ition. that changes one prinmicline base
u'ith another pirirnidine base? a. hri::'.i.,-. -- l:.:.i.rn: c. Transition; d. Transr ersion.
52" Which of the following nucle..ll:e .-,-:,-._-:: ..-:--r'ations can cause the cltanqe of a purine
base with a pirimidine base or vise \3ri.: -, -:ansveLsion; b. Transition: c. Deletion; d.
Inversion.
53. Which of the following tpes oi n:.1-r.: :-. .:,.ses sickle-cell anemia? a. Samesense; b.
Missense; c. Nonsense; d. Frameshiti.
54. Which of the following chrtri:^. -.,,'^r.:-. :i iionrie s causes Doul s1'ndrome? a. 1B
chromosome trsomy; b.21 chromoso::::rsom)': c. 13 chrornosome trsom):; d.22
chromosome trsomy.
55. Which of the following is a d,vnamic nru:ation with trinucleotide repeat amplification in
the coding region? a. Miotonic; b" Huntingloir: c. Irrederich ataxra; d. Alzhimer's disease.
56. Which of the following is a dynamic n:';:ation with trinucleotide repeat amplification in
the noncoding region? a. Miotonic; b. H.:ilington; c. miotonic d)'strophy d. Alzirimcr's
disease.

57. Which of the following is a dynamic muiation with trinucleotide repeat amplification in
the transcribed, but not in the transiated reqion of the gene? a. Fragile X syndromc; b.
Huntington's disease; c. Frederich ataxia: ci. -\izhimer's disease.
58.Which of the following expansions of ctdrrn causes Huntington's disease? a. CykrUhe.
adenine. guanine; b. Cytosine, adenine. citosine: c. Adenine. crlosine, guanine; d. Acleniue,
thimine, guanine.
59, What is called a paired cell group in chromosome's extremely linked loci, r,vltich is
inherited as a single unit? a. Haplotype; b. \{onodisomy; c. Hamartoma; d. Heterodisomy.
60. Locus of which of the followin-e chromosomes determines the ABO systcm'/ il. (lth
gbrcrn$ame; b. 15th chromosonrc; c. 17th chromosome; d. 18th chromosome.
61. Which o1'the following antigenes is present in the erythrocy'tes of people i,vith A blooql
groLrp'/ A. 1! b. B; c. Atl; d. None.
62, Which o['the following antigenes is present in the erythrocytes of people with lj hloercl
gr=nup'i u. A; b. B; c. AB; d. None.
63, Wlrielr of'the following antigenes is present in tho ct'ythroe ytes o{'people with Al} blooel
glor.rp'/ a. A; b. B; c. AB; d. None.
f.i,{. Which o('the lirllowinll trrli6lcrrs is plr-rscnl in l.hc se:t'ullt of'pcrtplc with A blood g,t'ol.lp'1 i:i.
A=gtr.l-uti': h. Aitli rrllrlrl; c, Atrli sy!lrrrir: rl, Anli ir!ltttit lltlcl l.iel.r'r"
ti=5, Wirieh of'tlre firllnr.virrg ilullp,ens is lrre:.crrt ur tlre serullr ol'pciiltle witlt ll blotlcl glottlt'/ lt.
Attti hettr; b. AUti:r"llrlliU {:, A.trti sygurl, tl. Anti alpllit trrtel t.retr.
6ii= Wlrieh o1'the lirllorvirip: rilltig*u:i i:.; |'r'escrrt irr the scrLun of'lrooplc with O ltloocl gt'ottlti'it=
Anti bcta; b. Anti alplru; e, Atrti ljvEruir: ,1. ,{-t{-t-+lpharaUrl-bglg.

plasmids

t,)

recornbirant DNA

E,

DNA ligase

16. When "sticky ends" are paired, tl.rey can be joined by

A.
b.
C.
D.
17 One

restriction enzymes
ntetnyiase

X-gal
DNA liease

of the most useful metl.rods for identifying a specific gene is

A.
B.
C.
D.
I 8,

tlre Eastenr blot

the Western blot
magnetic resonance imaging
rhe Southenr blor

A procedure called PCR

A,
B.
C.
D.
1

is used to

cleave DNA
produce recombinant
copy gene sequences

DNA

clone cells

9. DNA molecules can be cut into sections by using

A.
B.
C.
D.

gel electrophoresis
restrictionendonucleases
plasmids
a probe

20. V/hich of the following statements is true about developing cDNA?

rnature mRNA directs the formatior1 of the DNA.

rnature mRNA does not contain introns.
DNA taken from the nucleus is used to prodLrce the cDNA.
Both a and b are true.

22. Genetically identical organisms derived fiorn a singlc gcrretic source are called

A.
B.
C.
D.

populations
varieties
ecotypes
c

lorres

23. The Polvmerase Chain Reaction is used to:

A,
B.
C.
D.
E.

amnlifu a srnall amount of DNA

cleave bacterial plasmids
seal "sticky ends"

identify rarget plasmids

none ol the above

24 Placein order the following steps involved in PCR:(l ) newly synthesized strands act as templates(2) temperature
lowered; DNA primers and
polymerase added(3) heat separates strands of target DNA(4) complementary base pairing
between prirners aird template(5) DNe nucleotide
bases added; new strand syrithesized

-2-3-4
B3-5-4-2-3-1

A.t

--

L.r-l-4-)-

j-

D.2-j-4-5-2-I

The mosl

a cardiac arrllythmia and deafiress

a::j :e: t. : ---;=t
ller problerrs and a useful plu"a
to rino ca"..,.'-.

^^:.:l"1i,nrr
callse of

A.

D.
A 29-year-old male

is:

drsease

Environmental exposure_{arcl
io_:e: j :=

Genettc disease,

iras a lreart

A
B.
C.

'

;::'- :s;lso atl'ectcd. I-ler parerrts

are flrst cousins. The mosr
likelv

t:s:

:3.iss.r:. ],1::delian

attack His tatherand er:;

::i:

disease database

Jf heart attacks in thcir early

Commoi.renvironlnentalexposuie
Inherited predisposition to unhealn,,
Mendelian disease, likely autosorn:.

which phrase most suggests the operation

of Menderian inhe:l=:r:
otfsprins are affected. haJf::.i:::e:
1 llalfthe
Values in ofl'spring regress ro\\,aro
:ea: ::::::al valLrss
: The errvironment
detennines pheno:,:;; i\t:essron
9
D. Discordant tnonozygous twitrs

9. The prothrornbin gene rnutation

is

* ;i::r:':: ::: I

::

:,

3,1:*::::1-i.-:.,:

at position

ar posiriorr

2oaa in:he c,oihrombin

,0rr;;"

11.Is rt possible to use pCR to prodLrce ""

,ranv copiers of all DNA

;;,.';;;ilffi;i:i

;r;;.,:;;;r;ffi,

A. yes, il'the correot prinrers arc

available;
B. yes. ii.the telorneres are presenti
C. no,
D_.

Oo"

pCll

cannot copy DNA, only RNA

PCR conies short seouencesol,DNA
onlt

I2.l'hc lirst stcp in lhc

lr{)lyntcritsc cltilin rcilctiol (1,(.1{)

is

A.d-_c_t]iullrr.t-UrUl

l!. prirrrcr cxfr:r.rsion

arrncal ing
D.oooling
C'.

13. To

identily

arr individr-ral by

A.
B.
C.
D.
14,

AII firagrnents

pnmers

DNA analysis ol'thoir biuod, rnvcstrgaroi-s

loolt lbr

DNA fineerorints
probes
nucleosomes
cLtt by most restrictiorr endonucleascs
huvc

A.
B.

complementarydouble_strandedends
double-stranded,'sticky,,ends

D.

double-strandedsupplementaryends

i5. A iibrary of DNA fiagments results

tionr the
restilcttor't rndol]Llc lcJsc-s
B

virus

Lrs^c t;1"

gene

4O,s The most

likely cause of their