CHITTAGONG UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING

Design Project # 01
Project title: Harmonic Filter Study
Course Title: Modern Power System Modeling
Course No: EEE 6202
Course Teacher: Ms. Tajrin Ishrat

Submitted By:
Name: Mohammad Ashifur Rahman
Student ID: 11MEE010P
Program: M.Sc. in EEE, 2nd Semester
Session: 2011-12
Date of Submission: 11/12/2014.

Design Project
Harmonic Filter Study

Consider the simplified distribution system of a local industrial plant shown in the
one-line diagram of Fig.1. The plant's non-linear load is fed from a 1500kVA,
5.98% impedance service transformer (TR1) to step the 12,470V down to 480V
which is bused throughout the plant. An individual load of 906 kVA is shown
connected to the (PCC) point of common coupling, which is the bus connected to
the secondary of the service TR1 transformer. The load's power factor is
approximate 0.6.

Fig.1 Simplified plant distribution system

The existent filter is a 1400 kVAR unit, tuned to 4.8th harmonic, installed in
parallel with the plant's nonlinear load. This filter was initially designed to serve
multiple functions for the plant: it improves the power factor and reduces the
harmonic distortion. Unfortunately the existent filter has had multiple failures
including bad capacitor cells, blown fuses, and over-heated reactors (inductors).
Ultimately the filter unit was shut down and remained off line. The plant
contracted a consultant company to determine the required tuning frequency and
the correct size (reactive power) of the harmonic filter. The consultant made
measurements of the plant main service for seven days (a summary of these
measurements are given in Appendix), and developed a harmonic study. The
consultant's conclusions were that the size of the harmonic filter needs to be 700
kVAR with 4.7th tuned reactors, with recommended 200 kVAR fixed via a manual
control and 500 kVAR switched in 50 kVAR ten steps.
Based on the data provided in Appendix perform your own harmonic filter study,
and complete the following requirements for the distribution system (Fig.1):
I. Assume that the plant must improve the (old) power factor to 0.9 (new value), in
order to avoid penalties. Determine the capacitor bank total reactive power
required for the power factor correction (PFC). Then, calculate the capacitance C
per-phase, of a connected capacitor bank in parallel with the load, at
fundamental frequency of 50 Hz.
II. Determine the current distortion limits by using Table 1 (see Appendix). Based
on total demand distortion (TDD) and distortion of each individual relevant
harmonic, determine if the proposed 4.7th tuned filter is a good choice and the only
requirement needed to maintain harmonic current distortion within the limits
recommended by IEEE 519-1992 standard. Make your recommendation(s)
regarding what harmonic filtering (tuning frequency or frequencies) is needed for
this distribution system.
III. Check the voltage distortion limits, recommended by IEEE 519-1992 standard
in Table 2, based on individual voltage distortion and the total voltage distortion
(THD) calculations.
IV. Perform the harmonic filter design in accord with the recommendation(s)
you made in step (II). If the 5th current harmonic must be eliminated, then consider
in your design the filter proposed by the consultant company, 700 kVAR with
4.7th tuned reactors. The harmonic filter design should contain the following
calculations:

a) specified tuned harmonic(s)

b) parameter specification of the passive series filter(s): L, C, XL, XC ,
calculated at fundamental and
at tuning frequency(cies)
c) true rms current of the filter(s)
d) capacitor ratings (voltage duty on capacitors of the tuned harmonic filter(s),
QC reactive power)
e) reactor ratings (voltage drops on reactors of the tuned harmonic filter(s), QL
reactive power)
V. Repeat calculations in steps (II) and (III) if more than a tuned harmonic filter is
needed.
VI. Build a model of the distribution system to simulate and analyze the effects of
the harmonic filter(s) designed in your study.
VII. Use MATLAB to perform a Fourier analysis of the provided voltage and
current data.

Appendix:
Design Project Input Data

Power measurements for the plant's load for seven days

VA Power Value
Phase A minimum 1,160kVA
Phase A average 294.8kVA
Phase A maximum 563.4WA
Phase B minimum 1.3 56kVA
Phase B average 297.6kVA
Phase B maximum 559.9kVA
Phase C minimum 1.014kVA
Phase C average 288.1RVA
Phase C maximum 474.5kVA
Total minimum 119.8kVA
Total average 880.5kVA
Total maximum 1.117MVA

VARS Power Value

Phase A minimum -68.82kVA.R
Phase A average 237.8kVAR
Phase A maximum 471,9kVAR
Phase B minimum -81.45WAR
Phase B average 244.1kVAR
Phase B maximum 516.5kVAR
Phase C minimum -78.41 kVAR
Phase C average 232.6kVAR
Phase C maximum 466.8k VAR

Total minimum 87.16kVAR

Total average 714.6kVAR
Total maximum 925.6kVAR

Watts Power Value

Phase A average 173.3kW
Phase B average 169.2kW
Phase C average 169.0kW
Total average 511.7kW

Demand Power Value

Phase A average 173.3kW
Phase B average 169.2kW
Phase C average 169.0kW
Total average 511.7kW

Power Factor Value

Phase A average 0.595 Lag
Phase B average 0.575 Lag
Phase C average 0.593 Lag
Total average 0.58

Introduction
There are several harmonic sources in the distribution systems. These are loads with nonlinear
characteristics. The converters, pulse width modulated converters, cyclo- converters, arc furnaces,
static var compensators and switched mode power supplies are typical nonlinear loads producing
harmonics. In our project we used six pulse bridges as a nonlinear load. The effect of harmonics on the
power system depends on the characteristics of some important contributing factors that discussed
below:
System short circuit rating:
A system with a large short circuit capacity will produce a low voltage distortion. A system with a
lower short circuit rating will produce a large voltage distortion. The system short circuit rating
depends on the amount of generation, transmission voltage level, number of parallel lines and other
system characteristics.
Load characteristics:
The resistive component of the load produces damping in the circuit and hence reduces voltage
magnification. The reactive component of the load can shift the point at which the resonance occurs.
Hence a reactive load can amplify the voltage magnification. A lightly loaded system is likely to have
less damping and hence a higher voltage distortion. A heavily loaded system is likely to offer a better
damping.

Acceptance Criteria:
Power factor:

Current distortion limits:

Voltage distortion limits:

Harmonic filters:

Single tuned filters:

Procedurers

I) Improving power factor

fundamental frequency of 50 Hz

w = 2f = 2*3.14*50 = 314 rad/s

C =

1
1

2.12mF
Xc * w 1.5 * 314

II) Determining the Current Distortion Limits

5th harmonic filter design (700 KVAR):

We consider a delta connected capacitor bank to determine the parameters of the passive series filter
(L, C, XL, Xc) at fundamental frequency (60Hz):

At tuning frequency (4.7*50 = 235 Hz)

We need to minimize the filter impedance to filter the 5th harmonic distortion current. This can be
achieved by setting the inductive reactance (XL235) equal to capacitive reactance (XC235). Then the
impedance at the filtering frequency is decreased as shown in this formula
Z = R + j (XL-XC).
XC235 = XL235 = 0.21 /Ph

The capacitor current at 50 Hz:

The 5th harmonic current from the data is:

I250 = 172.64 A/ph

The RMS current is given by:

KVAR rating of the reactor:

The voltage across reactor (VL) = VL50 + VL250
Where:
VL50 = Voltage drop across reactor due to fundamental current.
= I50 * XL50 = 21.38 V
VL250 = Voltage drop across reactor due to 5th current.
= I250 * XL235 = 36.3 V
The voltage across reactor (VL) = VL50 + VL250 = 57.63 V
KVAR rating of single phase reactor = VL* IRMS = 58 * 516 = 29.74 KVAR/Ph
KVAR rating of the capacitor:
The voltage across reactor (VC) = VC50 + VC250
Where:
VC50= Voltage drop across capacitor due to fundamental current.
= 480 V
VC250= Voltage drop across reactor due to 5th current.
= I250 * XC282 = 36.3 V
The voltage across reactor (VC) = VC60 + VC250 = 516.3 V
KVAR rating of single phase reactor = VL* IRMS = 516.3 * 516 = 266.33 KVAR /Ph

V) Tuned Harmonic Filter

After we designed the filter with the specifications above to improve the power factor to
0.9 in order to eliminate the 5th harmonic by series LC tuned filter, we used some equations that show
the affections of adding this filter:
The current is needed to improve the power factor that calculated in the first part which is = 321
A/ph, and the total supplied by the filter at the fundamental frequency is 222.75Kvar/ph. So, the
current supplied by 464.1 A/ph, part of it will go to improve the power factor and the second current
will cancel part of the 5th harmonic current and the remaining is 29.55 A.