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Example:
If 500 mL of nitrogen gas combines with 1000 mL
of oxygen gas, how many nitrogen molecules are
present for every oxygen molecule? Suggest a
formula for the compound formed.
Chemistry 11
The Mole Concept
The Mole
The mole is the basis for the mathematics of
chemical formulas.
Chemical Formulas:
Elements in a compound
# of each type of atom in a compound
From a chemical formula, we can:
1. calculate the mass of each element in a sample
of a compound
2. determine the empirical formula of a compound
if we know the mass of each element
What is a mole?
The mole is a unit for counting molecules
Counting by mass is useful when dealing with
large amounts of objects that are uniform in size
What is Avogadros Number?
It is 6.02 1023 = 1 mol (1 mole)
Named in honour of Amadeo Avogadro
Chemistry 11
The Mole Concept
Chemistry 11
The Mole Concept
(b) C6H12O6
(c) (NH4)3PO4
(d) CuSO4
(e) Fe(NO3)3
Chemistry 11
The Mole Concept
1 mol
or (molar mass of X) g
(molar mass of X) g
1 mol
1 mol particles or
6.02 1023 particles
Examples:
1. What mass will 6.0 mol of Ca(OH)2 have?
Chemistry 11
The Mole Concept
Chemistry 11
The Mole Concept
Chemistry 11
The Mole Concept
Chemistry 11
The Mole Concept
Chemistry 11
The Mole Concept
Chemistry 11
The Mole Concept
Percentage Composition
The percentage composition is the percentage
(by mass) of the species in a chemical formula
To calculate the percentage composition of
elements in a compound
o find the mass of the element in the
compound on the periodic table
o divide by the total molar mass of the
compound
o multiply by 100%
Example:
Calculate the percentage composition of
1. Mg(NO3)2
2. Na2SO4
Chemistry 11
The Mole Concept
3. Cr(NO3)3
4. CH3HOOH
Chemistry 11
The Mole Concept
Chemistry 11
The Mole Concept
Remember:
o Percent to mass
Mass to mole
Divide by small
Multiply 'til whole
Chemistry 11
The Mole Concept
Molecular Formula
Molecular formula is always some multiple of the
empirical formula
K = molar mass
empirical formula mass
molar mass = K empirical formula mass
Example:
A compound is analyzed and found to contain
68.54% carbon, 8.63% hydrogen, and 22.83%
oxygen. The molecular weight of this compound is
known to be approximately 140 g/mol. What is the
empirical formula? What is the molecular formula?
Chemistry 11
The Mole Concept
Molar Concentration
The unit symbol of mol/L is M
Molar concentration = moles
volume
Chemistry 11
The Mole Concept
Example:
What is the molarity of pure ethanol, C2H5OH,
having a density of 0.789 g/mL?
Chemistry 11
The Mole Concept
Example:
If 0.400 L of 0.200 M NaOH is mixed with 0.800 L
of 0.500 M NaOH, what is the resulting [NaOH] in
the mixture?